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JeopardyHistory of Life

Origin of Life

Natural Selection

Taxonomy Human Origins

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$100 Question: History of Life

What was the Cambrian explosion?

$100 Answer: History of Life

An “explosion” of multicellular life that led to the emergence of many modern animal groups, including chordates (animals with spinal chords).

What is a half-life? Is the term necessarily accurate to how radioactive isotopes decay?.

Half-life is the amount of time, on average, it takes for half the nucleus of a radioactive isotope to decay. The term represents theaverage amount of time. The times can vary due to chance.

Why are relative and absolutedating often used together to determinethe age of fossils?

Both relative and absolute dating have some drawbacks. Relative dating can only be used to tell the age relative to other rock layers and fossils. Absolute dating may over- or underestimate the date due to chance.

$400 Question: History of LifeWhat kinds of organisms survive mass extinction events? Explain in terms of their rolein the food chain/web.Name and describe the causes of one mass extinction.

$400 Answer: History of LifeOrganisms that survive mass extinction events tend to be generalists that have more than one habitat and niche. Decomposers/scavengers tend to survive more than photoautotrophs, whose light may be blocked.Permian - asteriod, volcanoes, O2 levels.Creteceaus-Palogene - asteriod/dust.

Explain in terms of evolution by natural selection, why some whales have hipbones but sharks do not.

$500 Answer: History of LifeWhales are descended from land mammals, as transitional fossils show. They have hipbonesbecause they once walked/swam using legs.

These hips have become vestigial as the whaleevolved, because back legs became disadvantages. Sharks are fish, so they are descended from marine creatures.

$100 Question: Origin of Life

What is a prokaryote? Name an example.

$100 Answer: Origin of Life

Unicellular organisms that lack membranesaround their DNA. Bacteria (any kind); archaea.

What gas served as a source of carbon in the Miller-Urey experiment? What gas was NOT present on early earth?

CH4- MethaneO2 - Oxygen

How did Pasteur’s experiment disprove spontaneous generation?

Pasteur proved that life could onlycome from other life by showing that sterilized broth would not go “bad” unless exposed to microbes.

What were the gasses used in the Miller-Urey experiment? What was the product? What does this product tell us about how life evolved on earth?

$400 Answer: Origin of LifeA.CH4, NH3, H2, H2OB.Amino acids.C. This experiment tells us that the building b

locks of life (amino acids make proteins) can form from basic chemicals in an anoxic (no oxygen) environment.

You are studying the possiblity of life on other planets. Describe the kind of environment you would look for on other planets as being condusive to supporting life

$500 Answer: Origin of LifeLook for planets that have water or traces of water, a reducing (anoxic) environment, carbon compounds, and a nitrogen source. The planet should be solid (as opposed to a gas giant), and should probably be nearenough to the sun to receive light as a source of energy.These conditions do not guarentee life (for instance, Mars doesn’t currently seem to support life), but it would mimic Earth-like conditions.

$100 Question: Natural Selection

What theory is Darwin credited with formulating?

$100 Answer: Natural Selection

The theory of evolution by natural selection.

$200 Question: Natural SelectionList the conditions necessary for evolution by natural selection to occur. Are all theseconditions needed? Why or why not?

$200 Answer: Natural SelectionInheritable variationOverproduction of offspringStruggle for existence.Differential survival and reproduction.

Yes, all the conditions are necessary forEvolution by natural selection to occur. Each is necessary; together they are sufficient.

$300 Question: Natural SelectionAn insecticide is a chemical that kills insects. Most insects are killed the first time they are exposed to an insecticide. However, some insects carry a gene that enables them to survive their first exposure to an insecticide. When these surviving insects reproduce, this gene may be inherited by their offspring. The number of insecticide-resistant insects usually increases over time because increasing numbers of offspring with this gene are able to survive and reproduce.Which process enables increasing numbers of insects to survive their exposure to an insecticide?

A. Cloning.B. Mutation.C. Natural selection.D. Genetic engineering.

$300 Answer: Natural Selection

C. Natural Selection.

$400 Question: Natural Selection

Why is “survival of the fittest” not an accurate description of evolution?

$400 Answer: Natural SelectionSurvival of the fittest doesn’t include reproduction. Also, who is fittest is context-specific - there’s no end goal in evolution. Whichever adaptation brings some advantage at a specific time in a specific environment is more likely to persist in the population.

$500 Question: Natural SelectionScientists studied four snake populations living in an island ecosystem. The table below summarizes some of the data gathered about the snake populations. All four snake species use camouflage to hide from predators. Six months after the snake study, a volcano erupted on the island and covered the area with a layer of black ash. The eruption caused many of the island rodent populations to decline. Based on this information, which snake population would be most likely to survive the effects of the volcanic eruption? WHY?

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$500 Answer: Natural SelectionSpecies C - Species C can camoflague in the new environment. As a generalist (eating more than one type of food), it is more likely to survive than the snakes who eat only the island’s rodents.

$100 Question: Taxonomy and Classification

What is the correct formatting for a Scientific name? What is the scientific nameFor modern human beings? (In correct formatting!!!)

$100 Answer: Taxonomy and Classification

Genus species. Homo sapiens.

What is the purpose of using scientific names?

Many organisms are called by different names indifferent parts of the world. In addition, one name (forexample “blue bird”) may be used for unrelated organisms.

$300 Question: TaxonomyBased on the chart, which of these is the best conclusion about the fish? A. Fish Species A and Fish Species B are longer than the other two fish species. B. Fish Species C and Fish Species D are faster swimmers than the other two

fish speciesC. Fish Species A and Fish Species B have more DNA sequences in common

with each other than with the other two fish speciesD. Fish Species C and Fish Species D have more diet preferences in common

with each other than with the other two fish species.

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$300 Answer: Taxonomy

C. Fish Species A and Fish Species B have more DNA sequences in common with each other than with the other two fish species.

$400 Question: TaxonomyYou are a curator at a musem. You are givenA box of snake specimens to classify. AlthoughMany of the snakes look alike, they come from drastically different areas of the world. Explain how you would go about classifying the snakes and what criteria you would use.

$400 Answer: TaxonomyYou could use a dichotomous key to classify Each based on their appearance and morphology.However, you would also want to comparethem based on internal structure and DNA, sinceorganisms that live in similar environmentsoften have similar adaptations.

Explain the evolutionary relationshipbetween tail of a porpoise (a type of whale) and the tail of a tiger shark (a type of fish).

They are analogous adaptations - whales andsharks DO NOT have a recent common ancestor. Both are similar, but not the samein structure (one horizontal, one vertical) andfunction, but do not have an R.C.A.

$100 Question: Human Origins

What are three characteristics that makeprimates mammals?

$100 Answer: Human Origins

-Regulation of internal body temperature-Hair-Bearing live young-Feeding young with milk

What characteristics of primates do humans exhibit? List at least 4.What characteristics of primates don’t humans exhibit? List at least 2.

-Opposable thumbs.-Forward facing eyes.-Color vision.-Complicated social organization.

-Flexible shoulder joints/not good climbers.-Opposable large toes..

What are the two key adaptations that led to modern humans? List and describe each.Describe one hypothesis about how these adaptations emerged.

$300 Answer: Human Origins- Bipedalism - the ability to walk upright which allows for expanded use of the hands for tool use, hunting, etc. -Large brains - enhanced language centers in the brain; allowed for increasingly complex social structures

-Finding food, new worlds, attracting mates, etc. .

$400 Question: Human OriginsSelect and defend one hypothesis concerning the origin of bipedalism. As part of your support for this hypothesis, address what you see as shortcomings in at least one other hypothesis.

Answers will vary depending on hypotheses selected.

Based on your knowledge of human evolution, will humans lose their little toes in the future?

No. Little toes may be vestigial, but were usedprevious species of humans for balance in walking upright. Just because a structure isn’tactively used doesn’t mean it will be lost -a structure will liekly be an impediment to survival and/or reproduction if its lost.

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