Post on 25-Jul-2020
transcript
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017
TestingNewPhysicsWithNeutrinoAstrophysics
1
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 2
PlanoftheTalk
Neutrinoastronomy— whytry?
WhatisIceCube?WhathasIceCube discovered?
Whatdoesitmeanforparticlephysics?
Concludingperspectives
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 3
NeutrinoAstronomy—WhyTry?
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017
FirstGoal:NewAstrophysics
Whathappensdeepinsideastrophysicalsystems?Useknowledgeofsubatomicphysics…listentotheorists
Examplesuccesses:solarandsupernovaneutrinosExamplesearches:GRBneutrinos;CRsourcesinMW
4
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017
SecondGoal:NewParticlePhysics
Examplesuccesses:numberofflavors;neutrinomassissmallExamplesearches:neutrinoexotica;darkmatter
Whatarethepropertiesoffamiliarandofunmetparticles?Useknowledgeofastrophysics…listentotheorists
5
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017
ThirdGoal:NewSurprises
Examplesuccesses:neutrinomixing;cosmicrayanisotropiesExamplesearches:unknownunknowns!
Whathaven’twethoughtof?Developflexible,powerfulsearches…don’tlistentotheorists
6
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 7
WhatisIceCube?
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 8
TheLocation
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 9
TheConstruction
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 10
TheDesign
Needs86stringsofPMTsburiedin1km3 ofclearice
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 11
TheDetectionPrinciples
ve + n→ e− + pvτ + n→ τ − + p
Cascade(shower)eventsFewminlengthSeeBeacomandCandia(2004)
e.g.,vµ + n→ µ− + p
TrackeventsFewkminlengthPlannedfocusofIceCube
e.g.,
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017
FirstDifficulty:BeseechingNature
Requires:sourcesthatreachhighenergiessourcesthatareluminoussourcesofdifferenttypesparticlesthatcanreachusparticlesthatcanpointbackparticlesthatcanbedetectedresultsthatcanbeunderstood Ourpart
eV keV MeV GeV TeV PeV EeV ZeV
atomic nuclear accelerator ?????????????????????????
106 eV 1012 eV 1018 eV
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 13
Nevents ~ 4p . Ntargets s . T . F ~ 4p . Aeffective . T . F
Volume~ 1km3 Aeffective ~ 1m2 at100TeV
Formanysources,~ 1km3 istheminimumrequired
SecondDifficulty:MeasuringSignals
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 14
ThirdDifficulty:RejectingBackgroundsAtmosphericmuons:enormousbutgreatlyreduciblebackground
Atmosphericneutrinos:bigbutreducible(Schonert+2008)foreground
[GeV]ν E10
log2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1 s
r-1
s-2
GeV
cm
ν/d
Eν
dN
ν2 E
-910
-810
-710
-610
-510
-410
-310
1387 dµνAMANDA-II Atmospheric Bartol + Naumov RQPM
unfolding (2000-2003)µνAMANDA-II Honda + Enberg Min
807 dµνAMANDA-II Waxman Bahcall Prompt GRB
07-09µνANTARES Blazars Stecker
µνIC40 Atmospheric Waxman Bahcall 1998 x 1/2
UnfoldingµνIC40 Atmo. Becker AGN
375.5 dµνIC40 Mannheim AGNs
1)2)3)4)5)6)7)
(10
(8(9
(11(12
(13(14
1
5
14
12
6 23
4
7
10 89
13
11
IceCube 2011:
Atm.numeasuredupto~ 200TeV
Astro.nustronglimitsathigherenergies
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 15
WhathasIceCube Discovered?
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 16
ThePevatrons Uncloak
2011: ~ 1 PeV cascade 2012: ~ 1 PeV cascade
Greatfortuneinfindingtheseeventsinthissearch(2013)
Manysurprised;Laha+(2013)demystifiedandshowedtests
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 17
NowComestheFlood
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
102 103
Decl
inatio
n (
degre
es)
Deposited EM-Equivalent Energy in Detector (TeV)
ShowersTracks
2014IceCube TeV-PeV search,using2010—2013data
Conservativeanalysis:37candidates,~ 15background,5.7s
Myopinion:focusabove100TeV on“CleanDozen”eventswithnegligibleatmosphericbackgrounds
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 18
WhatDoestheEnergySpectrumTellUs?Sumofcascade(allflavors),startingtrack(muon)channels
Truesignificanceismuch higherthanreported
Easytosee(!):astrophysicalneutrinoswithspectrum~ E-2
For“CleanDozen”events,ignorethebackgroundsshownbecausecascadechanneldominates
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 19
WhatDoestheAngularDistributionTellUs?FirstHEneutrinoskymap;somecaveatsforinterpretation
Easytosee(!):sourcesmostlyisotropic,extragalactic
Isolating“CleanDozen”changespicture
Onlytrack
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 20
Certainties,Probabilities,MysteriesSignalorigin:definitelyobservedextraterrestrialneutrinos
likelynoUHE,Galactic,orexoticsources
Energyspectrum:E2F ~ 10^-8GeV cm-2s-1 sr-1shapeE^-2withcutofforabitsteeper
Angulardistribution: likelyisotropicwithEarthattenuationnoobviousclusteringorcorrelations
Flavorratios:maybeconsistentwith1:1:1,butalittleweirdwherearethemuon tracksathighenergy?
Timedistribution:appearstobeconstant,notbursty
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 21
WhatDoesitMeanforParticlePhysics?
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 22
DarkMatterAnnihilationDMlikelyshouldannihilatewithapredictedcrosssection
natural scale – expectation for DM as thermal relic
νν
νν
Super-K
IceCube
νν W+W-
bb
Fermi (γ)
µ+µ-
P.Mijakowski,Super-Kpreliminary2012
FirstuseofneutrinostoprobehaloDMbyBeacom+(2006)
IceCube 2014
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 23
DarkMatterDecayDMmaydecay(slowly),butthereisnopredictedlifetime
ExcitementthatDMdecaymayexplainGalacticCenterpeakandspectrumdipFeldstein+(2013);Esmaili+(2013);Bai+(2013);Ema+(2014);Bhattacharya+(2014)
Re-examinationisneededusingnewIceCube data,carewithotherneutrino,gamma-raycascadelimitsMurase,Beacom(2012);Ibarra+(2013)
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 24
SpectrumDistortionsfromSecretInteractions
0
0.5
1
1 PeV line w/ SFRw/ regeneration
w/o regeneration
Eres = 5 PeV
0
0.5
1
Eres = 0.5 PeV
0
0.5
1
103
104
105
106
E2J
[10
-8 G
eV c
m-2
s-1
sr-1
]
E [ GeV ]
Eres = 0.05 PeV E2J
[10
-8 G
eV c
m-2
s-1
sr-1
]
E [ GeV ]
no-interactionModel AModel BModel CModel D
0
1
2
103
104
105
106
107
108
Linespectruminjection Continuumspectruminjection
Newtest:n+nà n+n (Ng,Beacom2014;Ioka,Murase 2014;Cherry+2014)
Mustincludeattenuation,regeneration,multiplescattering
Ng,Beacom(2014) Ng,Beacom(2014)
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 25
ParameterSpaceforSecretInteractionsg
M [ MeV ]
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
Non-perturbative regime
gατ
gαµ
gαe
SN1987A
BB
N
CMB
Z-decay
G=10-5
GeV-2
G=10+1
GeV-2
G=10+7
GeV-2
τ(1 P
eV)=
1
τ(0.1
PeV
)=1
τ(0.0
1 PeV
)=1 A
BC
D
Ng,Beacom(2014)
Musttakecaretoseparatemass,couplingofnewmediator
IceCube sensitivityiscomplementarytootherconstraints
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 26
FlavorCompositionofMassEigenstates
Bustamante,Beacom,Winter(2015,PRL)
Neutrinomixinganglesarealllarge,wellknown
(andsimilarforbothhierarchies)
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 27
FlavorRatios– NoNewPhysics
Fornonewneutrinophysicsbeyondstandardmixing:
ThefullspaceofflavorratiosatEarthistightlyrestrictedforallinitialratios
Bustamante,Beacom,Winter(2015,PRL)
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 28
FlavorRatios– BroadClassofNewPhysics
Fornewneutrinophysicsthatonlyincoherentlymixesmasseigenstates:
ThefullspaceofflavorratiosatEarthisalso tightlyrestrictedforallinitialratiosBustamante,Beacom,Winter(2015,PRL)
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 29
FlavorRatios– AllPossibilitiesofNewPhysics
Arguelles,Katori,Salvado(2015,PRL)
Tofilltheremainderofthespace,thenewphysicsmustpreservecoherenceand/orchangethemixingparameters
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 30
ConcludingPerspectives
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 31
TheTimeforNeutrinoAstronomyisNow
NeutrinoAstronomy
MeV—GeVn
Efforts:HKandmore
Targets:Solar,SN,moreSurprises
TeV—PeV n
Efforts:IceCube andmore
Targets:GRBs,AGN,moreSurprises
EeV—ZeV n
Efforts:ANITAandmore
Targets:GZKprocessSurprises
Neutrinoastronomymustbebroad
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 32
TheTimeforNeutrinoScienceisNow
NeutrinoScience
Laboratoryn
Efforts:Fermilab andmore
Context:PrecisionPhysics,BSMreach
Cosmology n
Efforts:CMBandmore
Context:PrecisionCosmology,BSMreach
Astronomyn
Efforts:IceCube andmore
Context:TransientAstronomy,Multi-messenger
Neutrinosaremulti-frontierscience
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017 33
TeVPA 2017
tevpa2017.osu.edu
I August 7–11, Columbus, OH
I Registration and abstractsubmission are open
I Pre-meeting mini-workshopson Sunday, August 7
JohnBeacom,TheOhioStateUniversity BaryonandLeptonNumberViolation,CaseWestern,May2017
CenterforCosmologyandAstroParticle Physics
Columbus,Ohio:1 millionpeople(city),2millionpeople(city+metro)OhioStateUniversity:56,000studentsPhysics: 55faculty,Astronomy: 20facultyCCAPP: 20faculty,10postdocsfrombothdepartmentsPlacements:In2014alone,12CCAPPalumnigotpermanent-trackjobs
34
Recentfacultyhires:AntonioBoveia,LindaCarpenter,ChrisHirata,AdamLeroy,LauraLopez,AnnikaPeterRecentpostdochires: AmiChoi,AlexiaLewis,NiallMacCrann,Tuguldur Sukhbold,MichaelTroxel,YingZu,FrancescoCapozzi
ccapp.osu.edu