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7/21/2019 K2- Histologi- Sistem Kardiovaskular
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LokDonLub
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
Consist of 2 systems : 1,2
Cardiovascular system 2 way transport
Lymphoid vascular system
Heart : pump
Arteries: take blood from heart to organ
Capillaries: for metabolic echange
!eins: take blood back to heart
Collect ecess etracellular tissue fluid "lymph#
$ne way transport from tissue to cardiovascular system
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• 4 Valves : – Mitral valve
– Tricuspid valve
– Artic valve – !ulmnar" semilunar valve
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• Heart %all : 1, 2
– $ndcardium
– M"cardium
– $picardium
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I. Endocardium• &nner layer of atriums ' ventricles2
• Homologous with tunica intima of
blood vessels
• Consist of : 1, 2
1()ndothelium :
• *imple s+uamous epithelium
• unctions : – -ight.occluding /unctions
– 0ap /unctions
2( *ubendocardial layer :
•Loose connective tissue
• Contain veins, nerves,
urkin/e cells "branches of
impulse conducting system of
heart
• Connected to myocardium
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II. Myocardium - hi c k e s t o n v e nt r i c l e s 2
-hickest tunics
cardiac muscle cells
-hinnest
*maller cardiac
muscle cells
*peciallied muscle cells in atrium
produce atriopeptin, A34"Atrial 3atriuretic
4actor#, cardiodilatin, cardionatrinhelp in maintain fluid ' electrolyte balance5
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Type Of CardiacMusce !iber
1( Conducting &mpluse4iber
2( Contractile
4iber
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• urkin/e fibers : 2, 5
– ranches * AV undle
– Lcated at subendcardial
– 6istinctive appearance withordinary cardiac muscle :
• Larer 5 cntain mrec"tplasm
• Less m"*ibril
• Rich in mitchndria 5
l"cen• 1 r 2 central nuclei
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. on rac eFiber
• $lnated+ c"lindrical 5 branchin*iber
• $ach *iber cntains nl" 1 r 2 nuclei+centrall" placed
• )rss striatins similar t s0eletalmuscle 6A/7/8 band 5 M/9 line
• arcplasm cntain numerus lare
mitchndria
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• pecial unctins at the end* t. cardiac *iber
• 3 unctins :
1-;ascia adherens
2-Macula adherens6desmsme
3-,ap unctins
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&ntercalated 6isc with light microscope
dark lines crossed the cardiac fiber
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III. Epicardium• 8mlue t tunica
adventitia in bld vessels3
• <utermst la"er * heart .all3
• )nsist * : 1+ 2
1- !ericardium viceral mesthelium 6simple
s=uamus epithelium2- ubepicardial la"er
lse cnnective tissue.ith crnar" vessels+nerves 5 anlia
3- !ericardium parietal:mesthelium 5 cnn-tissue
• pace bet.een pericardiumcntain serus li=uid *r
lubricatin
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1#
BLOO !E""EL" BLOO !E""EL"
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2- Tunica Media:
– $=uivalent t m"cardium
– Mst variable la"er in si?e 5
structure – )ntain variable amunt *
smth muscle 5 elastic
tissue depend n bld
vessel *unctin3- Tunica Adventitia:
– )rrespnd t epicardium
lac0 mesthelial cells
– Varies in thic0nes
– Mstl" cmpsed *
*ibrblast+ t"pe 7 cllaen
*iber 5 elastic *iber
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"ood #esse $a Composi%ion
LA70) A7-)7&)*
*8ALL A7-)7&)*
A7-)7&$L)*
CA&LLA7&)*
!)39L)* '!)&3*
8 ) A 3 1 7 ) * * 9
7 )
&3*&6) 6&A8)-)7
*8ALL LA70)LA70)
ELASTIC TISSUE
MUSCLE
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• Membrana Elastica :
Interna :
– eparatin T- 7ntima5 T- Media
– )mpsed *
per*rated elastin
tissue – ;unctin: permits
di**usin *
substances
Eksterna : – eparatin T- Media
5 T- Adventitia
– Mre delicate than
interna
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• !asa !asorum :
– ;und in lare vessels
– mall arteries branchin t
serve nutritin t cells in t-media 5 t- adventitia
– Mre prevalent in veins thanarteries c? venus bldcntain less B"en 5 nutients
than arterial bld
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&er'e Suppy Of "ood #esse (
• A net.r0 * vasmtr nerve * s"mpatheticcmpnent * autnmic nervus s"stem
supplies smth muscle cells * vessels
release nrepinephrine di**use t smth
muscle cells nearb" impulses prpaated t
entire smth muscle via ap unctin
• Arteries suppl" the s0eletal muscle als receive
paras"mpathetic nerves vasdilatatin
CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS
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CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES
VEIN
CAPILLARIES
Elastic arteries / conductin arteries
Mediu! "!uscular# arteries / distri$utin arteries% s!all arteries
Arteriole
Lare &ein
Mediu! % s!all &eins
Venule
Continuous ca'illaries
Fenestrated ca'illaries
Sinusoidal ca'illaries
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ARTERIE ARTERIE
A ELASTIC ARTERIE
S C
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A( ELASTIC ARTERIE
A( ELASTIC ARTERIE
• Arta+ 7liaca )mmunis+
!ulmnaris+ rachicephalic+
ubclavia+ )artid )mm- 2
• Cell. .all c? abundance *
elastin in T- media
• Tunica Intima : 61+ 2:
– Thic0 thic0er than T-
intima A- Muscularis
– $ndthelial cells
@eibelD!alade bdies
vn @illebrand *actr
6stred nl" in arteries
– Membran elastica interna
incmplete
Tuni)a Inti!a
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•T*ic)est la+er ,ro! - ot*er tunica •.01 la+er o, elastic !e!$ran•
S!oot* !uscle "2#
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– T. Adventitia :
•T*in la+er o, ,i$roelastic connecti&e tissue• Vasa Vasoru! "2# reac* into T( Media•L+!'*atic &essel % ner&e ,i$ers
&n elastic arteries, the tunica adventitia consists mostly
of connective tissue ' the vasa vasorum
B MEDIUM % SMALL ARTERIE
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B( MEDIUM % SMALL ARTERIE• Endot*elial cells 3ei$el0Palade $odies
&on 3ille$rand ,actor• Me!$ran elastica interna"2#
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S!oot* !uscle la+er4• Muscular A( 4 t*ic) u' to . la+ers• S!all A( t*in
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• Muscular A( as t*ic) as T( !ediaconsist o, colaen % elastin ,i$er• Me!$rana elastica e)sterna"2#
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T*in T( Ad&entitia
C ARTERIOLE
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• ,enerall" diameter E +# mm 5 narr. lumen
• -( &ntima : – ub endthelial la"er ver" thin
– M- $lastica 7nterna 6D
• -( 8edia : mth Muscle 1D2 la"er
• -( Adventitia : – Ver" thin
– M- elastica e0sterna 6D
C( ARTERIOLE
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• Metaarteriole 4
– ranchin * arterile int capillaries 2
– )nstrictin help in reulate bld *l. in
capillaries 1+ 2
– >iscntinue smth muscle 1
– mth muscle as pre capillar" sphincter
cntrl bld *l. int capillar" bed 3
S i i d S S% % i
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Speciai)ed Sensory S%ruc%ure inAr%eries
• 3 t"pes: cartid sinus+ cartid bd"+ artic bd" mnitr bld pressure 5 bldcmpsitin essentialinput t brain *r cntrllinheart beat+ respiratin 5 !
• )artid sinus : – arreceptr .all *
cartid internal A-
– T- adventitia thinner 5heavil" end.ed .ith sensr"nerve *rm cranial nerve 7F
– T- Media relativel" thinner permit t be distended
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• )artid bd":
– )hemreceptr in bi*urcatin * cmmn A-
– )mpsed * small pale stainin cells in cnn-Tissue 2 t"pe : lmus 6t"pe 7 cells 5 sheath
6t"pe 77 cells
– ,lmus cells : lare nucleus+ dense cred vesicles+
cell prcess cntact .ith ther lmus cell 5
capillar" endthelial cell
– heath cells : mre ln 5 cmpleB prcess+
irreular nuclei
• Artic bd": structure similar t cartid bd"
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! E I # ! E I #
!EI#
!EI#
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3(
)lassi*icatin: 1+ 2
A- Lare Vein
- Medium 5 small veins
)- Venule
!EI# !EI#
•Vein .all thinner than arterie c?
muscular la"er 5 elastin la"er nt
as .ell develp as arteries
Vein )laps .ith irreular lumen2+3 • ame 3 la"er as arteries
A LAR5E VEINS
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A( LAR5E VEINS
• Vena )ava+ Renalis+ !rta+
plennic etc 2
• Si!ilar to !ediu! &ein• Endoteliu!•
Su$endotel la+er t*in
• T * i n ! o s t l a r e & e i n 6 i t * o u t
t ( ! e d i a • S ! o o t * !
u s c l e % c o n n ( t i s s u e
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• T*ic)est and 6ell de&elo'
• S!oot* !uscle % conn( Tissue 6it*colaen % elastin ,i$er
8ih p.er vie. sh.s the vasa vasrum+
.hich suppl" bld *r the .all * this lare
vein
B MEDIUM % SMALL VEIN
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B( MEDIUM % SMALL VEIN
• >iameter : 1 D ( mm 1
• Gsuall" have valve 2
• -( &ntima: endthel
cntinue 1+ 2
• -( 8edia : mth muscle+claen 5 elastin *iber
• -( adventitia : 61+ 2:
– Thic0est than t- media
– mth muscle+ elastin 5
claen *iber
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•- se !i l una r , o l d o , T ( i nt i !a ' r o 7 e c t t o l u!e n
•C o ! ' o se d o , c o nn( t i ssue % l i ne d $ + e nd o t *e l i u!
•N u!e r o us i n l i !$
C VENULE
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C( VENULE• -( &ntima : 1, 2
– -hin ' continue endothelium
– -hin basal lamina with
pericytes• -( 8edia : 5
– *parse conn( -issue ' fewsmooth muscle cell
• -( adventitia :"1, 2#
– -hin
– Colagen ' fibroblast
CA$ILLARIE"
CA$ILLARIE"
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• mallest bld vessel 1+ 3
•,eneral structure :
2+ 3
– T- 7ntima sinle la"er* endthelium
– !eric"tes lcated alnutside cntractile
*unctin• Classification:1, 2 A- )ntinue/smatic
capillaries
- ;enestrated/per*rate
d capillaries)- inusid
• l. bld *l. 6+3mm/deti0+ arta H 32mm/deti0
CA$ILLARIE" CA$ILLARIE"
A CONTINUE CAPILLAR8
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4%
A( CONTINUE CAPILLAR8
• ;und in )nn- Tissue+ muscle+
)I1+
2
• $ndthelium cntinue *asciaeccludentes 3 prevent passaeman" mlecules
• ;rm ld rain arrier
permeable nl" t certainsubstances
B FENESTRATED CAPILLAR8
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• imilar t cntinue but have
pres1+ 3
• ;und in : 0idne"+ intestine+
endcrine land
• ;enestrae :
– )vered .ith a pre diaphram1
– !re diaphram nt *und in
lmerulus1
B( FENESTRATED CAPILLAR8
C SINUSOID
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C( SINUSOID
Structure : 1+ 2+ 3
– Trtus path+ reatl" enlared diameter sl.s the circulatin * bld
– $ndthelium cells *rm discntinue la"er
– >iscntinue basal lamina
– Man" *enestrae lac0 .ith diaphram
• ;und in heart 5 hematpetic
rans1+ 2
ARTERIOLE !E#&LE ' CA$ILLARIE
ARTERIOLE !E#&LE ' CA$ILLARIE
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ARTERIOLE% !E#&LE ' CA$ILLARIEARTERIOLE% !E#&LE ' CA$ILLARIE
L()$H !A"C&LAR "("TE)
L()$H !A"C&LAR "("TE)
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#
• Return eBtracellular li=uid
t bldstream1+ 2
<nedirectin
• !resent in thruhut bd"eBcept )I 5 ther *e.area
• lind end l"mphaticcapillariesl"mphaticvessel l"mphatic ducts 1+
2+ 3
A( Lymphatic capillaries :sinle la"er * attenuatedendthelial cells .ithincmplete basal lamina
blind end
L()$H !A"C&LAR "("TE) L()$H !A"C&LAR "("TE)
L h ti l
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#1
( Lymphatic vessel : – )lsel" spaced valves1
– Lare l"mphatic vessel
resemble small veins1
– Lumina larer+ .alls thinner
– $ndthelium 6J
– mth muscle 6J+ cllaen5 elastic *iber6J
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#2
C( 2 Lymphatic ducts :
– )nsist * : 1+ 2
>uctus Thracicus>uctus Limphaticus >eBter
– imilar t lare veins 1+ 2
– Vasa vasrum 5 rich in vascular net.r0 1
– @alls : 2
• T- 7ntima : $ndthel 5 subendthel 6J+ Lamina elastica
7nterna 6J
• T- Media : smth muscle K vein
• T- Adventitia : undevelp
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#3
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#4
R$;$R$I)$ :
1- 8istli >asar+ $disi 1+ L- )arls un=uira M>+ se
)arneir M>+ Rbert <- elle" !h>+ $,)+ 1((#- pp 21#D
231
2- $ssentials <* 8uman 8istl"+ ecnd $ditin+ @illiam -
rause !h>+ Little r.n 5 )mpan" 67nc+ 1((%- pp- 1(&D
22'
3- )lr TeBtb0 * 8istli+ 2nd editin+ ,artner L!+ 8iatt
L+ @ aunders )mpan"+ !hiladelphia+ !enns"lvania+21- !p 2#1D2&1
*UI+
*UI+
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##
*UI+*UI+
*truktur yg ditun/uk panah
Adalah;(
1( *mall Arteri;(
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#%
2( Large Arteri;(
5( 8uscular Arteri;(
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