CCTV Design and Technology

by

Kevin BozarthDesign Specialist, Integrated System

CCTV Core Components

CameraCamera

RecordingRecording ViewingViewing

Camera Choices• Analog• IP

Question?• What Function• What Technology• What Environment

Question?• What Function• What Technology• What Environment

Camera Choices - Analog• Video Transmission

– Standard PAL/NTSC– Coax– CAT5e, CAT6 - UTP

Camera Choices - Analog• Digital Encoding through Encoders

Compression Image Quality Compression BandwidthMJPEG Great (5) Zero (0) Very High (5)MPEG2 Good (3) Low (1) High (3)MPEG4 Medium (2) Medium (2) Medium (2)H.264 Good (3) High (3) Low (1)

Values are Estimates of compression standards

Camera Choices - Analog• Video Compression Example

– H.264• 17 different defined profiles• Bit Rate controlling

Camera Choices - Analog• Standard being defined within

Physical Security Industry– ONVIF– PSIA

Camera Choices - IP• Benefits

– Reduction of System Components– Remote Configuration– Remote Upgrades

Analog CameraAnalog Camera

Digital EncoderDigital

Encoder+

IP CameraIP Camera

Camera Choices - IP• Benefits

– Reduction of System Components– Remote Configuration– Remote Upgrades

Dip SwitchesDip Switches Web PageWeb Page

Camera Choices - IP• Benefits

– Reduction of System Components– Remote Configuration– Remote Upgrades

Remote ConfigurationRemote ConfigurationField ChangesField Changes

• Resolution– Standard Definition– MegaPixel

Camera Choices - IP

Storage & Network

Quality & Resolution

3.1 MP (2048x1536)

2.1 MP (1920x1080)1.3 MP (1280x1024)

0.5 MP (800x600)4CIF 704x576

Camera Choices - IP• Resolution

• Resolution – Aspect Ratio3.1 MP (2048x1536)

2.1 MP (1920x1080)

Camera Choices - IP

• Resolution

Camera Choices - IP

1 MP4CIF 2 MP

Camera Choices - IP• Bandwidth

– Original Design – 50% total link bandwidth– Expansion – 70% total link bandwidth

Formula[# of Cameras] X [Average Bandwidth]

≤50% X [Link Bandwidth]

Formula[# of Cameras]

X [Average Bandwidth]X 60secondsX 60minutesX 24hoursX [# of Days]/ 8bits/ 1,000gigs=

[# of Gigs of Storage]

Camera Choices - IP• Storage

– Quantity of Cameras– Average Bandwidth– Days of Retention

Recording Choices• Fault Tolerance• Redundancy

Recording Choices – Fault Tolerance• RAID

– RAID 1

– RAID 5

– RAID 6 A B A&B A&B

A B A&B

A A

Recording Choices – Power• Redundant power supplies

– 2 plugs

Recording Choices–Load Balancing• Consistent Retention• Processor utilization equal

Recorder Recorder Recorder

Cameras

⅓ ⅓⅓

Recording Choices – Failover• Is it needed?

• Failure• Maintenance

• Standby recorder (n+1)• Load-balancing failover (n+m)

Recording Choices – Redundancy• Recorded to two recorders

– Drastic failure of recorder– Drastic failure of environment

Viewing Choices• Viewing Application• Decoders• Monitors

Viewing Choices – Viewing Application

• PC• Purpose Built CCTV viewing device• Decoders

Viewing Choices - Monitor• Analog – Standard Definition• HD

– 720p (1280 x 720 is 0.9 MP)– 1080p (1920 x 720 is 2.1 MP)

System Architecture• Environment• Network• Integration

System Architecture - Environment• Security• Air Conditioning

Formula[Room Meters2] X 303 = Room BTU[Lighting Wattage] X 4.28 = Lighting BTU[# of Occupant] X 400 = Human BTU

[Σ BTU] / 12,000 = Tons of AC

System Architecture - Network• Bandwidth• Switch selection• Topology

System Architecture - Integration• Analytics• 3rd Party Data Systems• Multiple CCTV manufactures

System Architecture - Integration• Analytics

– Server Based– Edge Based

System Architecture - Integration• 3rd Part Data Systems

– Alarm System– Access Control System– Point of sale System

System Architecture – Multiple CCTV

• Manufactures– Cameras– Decoders– Storage

CCTV CommissioningNow lets put it together the way it needs

to be used!

CCTV Design and Technology

by

Kevin BozarthDesign Specialist, Integrated System

kbozarth@pelco.com