KEY EVENTS IN INTERNATIONAL

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

KEY EVENTS

The Beginning18th & 19th Centuries20th & 21st Centuries

THE BEGINNING

Why is this building, theFriedensaal, significantto international relations?

TREATY OF WESTPHALIA

Signed in 1648- ended the 30 Years War

TREATY OF WESTPHALIA-1648

3 things came out of the Treaty:Sovereignty States System

18TH & 19TH CENTURIES

3 Key Changes Impacted System Development1) Culmination of Multipolar System2) Demand for Popular Sovereignty3) Westernization of International

System

Power Pole

Growing

Power

Power

PolePow

erPole

Power

Pole

1 Power Pole =

Unipolar System 2 Power Poles

= Bipolar System

4+ Power Poles =

Multipolar System

Power

PoleGrowingPower

1- CULMINATION OF MULTIPOLAR SYSTEM

18TH & 19TH CENTURIES

3 Key Changes Impacted System Development1) Culmination of Multipolar System2) Demand for Popular Sovereignty3) Westernization of International

System

2- EVOLUTION OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

Raison d’état (‘Requirements of the State)

Challenges to raison d’état Push for ‘popular’ sovereignty

18TH & 19TH CENTURIES

3 Key Changes Impacted System Development1) Culmination of Multipolar System2) Demand for Popular Sovereignty3) Westernization of International

System

3- WESTERNIZATION OF INT’L SYSTEM

Scientific & Technological AdvancesGuns & GunpowderNaval TechnologyIndustrial Revolution

Colonization & ImperialismWhat are these?Where?

THE AMERICAS

BritainFranceGermanyItalyPortugalBelgiumSpain

AFRICA

ASIA

BritainNetherlandsFranceU.S.JapanRussia

THE SUN NEVER SETS

20TH & 21ST CENTURIES

World War I -1914-1919Bolshevik Revolution The Great Depression

World War II -1939-1945Post WWII

Cold War Era -1945-1991Post CW Era -1991 to present

WORLD WAR I

Treaty of Versailles War Reparations

Empires end Ottoman EmpireAustro-Hungarian Empire

OTTOMAN EMPIRE FROM 1807-1924

• All of Austria, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia,

• Large parts of Serbia, Romania • Bits of Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Ukraine

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE 1867–1918

• All of Austria, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia,

• Parts of Romania, Poland, Germany, Italy, Ukraine

POST WORLD WAR I Rise of Communist Russia Rise of German nationalism

Either Death to Capitalism or Death by Capitalism

POST WORLD WAR I The Great Depression Munich Conference

 Sudentenland & Appeasement Policy

Neville Chamberlain ‘appeasing’ Hitler, 1938

WORLD WAR IIEuropean Theater of OperationsPacific Theater of Operations

POST WORLD WAR II

Emergence of a Bipolar System Formation of the United Nations Decolonization

Self-determination

WAR OF IDEOLOGIES: DEMOCRACY V. COMMUNISMSecuring Interests in Europe

United StatesMarshall Plan, Truman PlanNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Soviet UnionEastern European takeover= Eastern Bloc

Warsaw Treaty Pact

COLD WAR FOREIGN POLICY

Cuban Missile Crisis -1962US Containment DoctrineNixon goes to China -1972 SU invades Afghanistan -1979Brief era of détente

COLD WAR ERA-THE REAGAN YEARSNew Soviet Premier- 1985

Perestroika (economic restructuring)Glasnost (openness)

Berlin Wall is torn down -1989Eastern Bloc countries follow

Fall of the Soviet Union -1991End of bipolar system

POST-COLD WAR ERA

Multipolar SystemGlobal North v. Global SouthEuropean Union

Expansion of EU in P-CW eraAdoption of euro -1999

China joins World Trade Organization (WTO)

ECONOMIC GLOBAL DIVISION

Global North (light red)Global South•Emerging Economies (dark red)•Developing (white)

POST-COLD WAR ERA9/11War in Afghanistan -2001 Iraq -2003Global Economic RecessionArab Spring -2011