Post on 07-Jun-2018
transcript
APUSH PERIOD 6: 1865-1898 (13%) 1865: Civil War Ends
Yoube3erknowabout:ü Howthefederalgovernmentplayedaveryac4veroleinwesternexpansion• Na4veAmericanPolicy:1)War-BaAleofLiAleBighorn1876,
WoundedKnee1890,2)Forcedassimila4on-DawesSeveraltyAct1887
• Economics:1)Subsidiestotherailroadcompanies,2)HomesteadAct=cheapland
ü ThepolicyoflaissezfaireduringtheGildedAgeledtovarioussocialandpoli4calproblems• Economic:1)growthoftrusts/monopolies,2)lackofenforcementof
InterstateCommerceAct1887&ShermanAn4-TrustAct1890• Social:urbanslums,poverty(jus4fiedbybeliefsinSocialDarwinism),
riseoftheseAlementhousemovement(JaneAddams)• Poli4cal:poli4calmachinessuchasTammanyHall&BossTweed• Environmental:Destruc4onofnaturalresources(Growthof
conserva4onistmovement(SierraClub)
APUSH PERIOD 6: 1865-1898 (13%)
Yoube3erknowabout:ü ChallengesfacingbothlaborunionsandfarmersduringtheGildedAgeandhowtheyaAemptedtoaddressthesechallenges• LaborUnions:Challenges:1)hos4lityfromcorpora4ons&thegovt.2)
divisionbetweenskilledvs.unskilled,immigrantvs.na4ve3)publicopinion• Responses:UnionsformedKnightsofLabor,AmericanFedera4onofLabor2)
StrikesatHomestead1892,Pullman1894=endinviolence&defeat• Farmers:Challenges:1)dominanceofrailroads2)mechaniza4on• Responses:Farmersformedorganiza4onssuchasGrangeMovementand
eventuallythePopulistParty(govt.regula4onofrailroad–enforcetheInterstateCommerceAct,freesilver,incometax,directelec4onofSenators)
ü Howvariousgroupscon4nuedtofacediscrimina4on
• AfricanAmericans:JimCrowlaws,Plessyv.Ferguson,disenfranchisement• Immigrants:hos4litytoimmigrantsfromAsia(ChineseExclusionAct)and
the“newimmigrants”fromSouthern/EasternEurope=riseinna4vism
1898: Spanish American War (U.S. overseas expansion)
1865: Civil War Ends
APUSH PERIOD 7: 1890-1945 (17%) 1890: Last of the Native American Wars (Wounded Knee) & Closing of the Frontier
Yoube3erknowabout:ü Themo4vesofU.S.overseasexpansionandexamplesofthatexpansion
• Mo4ves:Economic(markets,rawmaterials),poliHcal(competewithEurope/Japan),ideological(spreaddemocracy&ChrisHanity),military(AlfredT.Mahan)
• Examples:OpenDoorPolicyinChina,SpanishAmericanWar,WarinthePhilippines,,AnnexaHonofHawaii,PanamaCanal,etc.
ü WaysthattheProgressiveMovementsoughttousethepowerofthegovernmenttoimprovesociety• Economic:TrustbusHng(ShermanAnH-TrustAct),MeatInspecHonAct,
PureFood&DrugAct,HepburnAct(strengthentheICC)• Poli4cal:Effortstoexpanddemocracy-WisconsinIdea(recall,
referendum,iniHaHve),17thAmendment(directelecHonofSenators),19thAmendment(women’ssuffrage)
• Social:Temperance(18thAmendment),childlaborlaws(LewisHines),
APUSH PERIOD 7: 1890-1945 (17%)
Yoube3erknowabout:ü ReasonswhytheUnitedStateseventuallywentfromneutralitytofigh4nginWorldWarI,andhowWilsonplayedakeyroleinthepeaceprocess• NeutralitytoWar:Sinkingofneutralships(Lusitania),
ZimmermanTelegram,Wilson’sidealism(“Maketheworldsafefordemocracy”)
• Postwar:Wilson’s14Pointslargelyrejectedbytheallies,LeagueofNa4onsrejectedbytheU.S.Senate.
ü TheimpactofWorldWarIontheHomeFront• Examples:1)SediHonActrestrictedcivilliberHes(upheldby
Schenckcase),2)GreatMigraHonofAfricanAmericanstothenorth,3)supportincreasesfor18thand19thamendments
APUSH PERIOD 7: 1890-1945 (17%) Yoube3erknowabout:ü Howthe“RoaringTwenHes”wasnotonlyadecadeofeconomicprosperity,butalsoaHmeofincreasedtensioninAmericansociety• ExamplesofTension:1)RedScare/PalmerRaids2)QuotaActs3)
Sacco&Vanzehtrial4)ScopesTrial5)ProhibiHon6)RacialTensions7)LostGeneraHon
ü ThewaystheNewDealrespondedtotheproblemsoftheGreatDepressionandchangedtheroleofthefederalgovernmentbycreaHngprogramsintendedtoproviderelief,recovery,andreform.• Examples:1)SocialSecurity(safetynet)2)FDIC(bankreform)3)
WagnerAct(laborunions)WPA/CCC(publicworks)
ü ChallengestotheNewDeal:SupremeCourt(ruledsomeprogramsunconsHtuHonal),HueyLong(“ShareOurWealth”),Republicans(opposeddeficitspending&largefederalgovernment)
APUSH PERIOD 7: 1890-1945 (17%)
1945: End of World War II
to
Yoube3erknowabout:ü EffortsoftheU.S.toremainneutralpriortothea3ackonPearlHarbor
• Examples:NeutralityActs,AmericaFirstCommi3ee(stayoutofwar),Cash&Carry,LendLeaseAct
ü TheimpactsofWW2onthehomefront:
• GreatDepressionendsasaresultofmassmobilizaHon• Mexican:Braceroprogram,ZootSuitRiots• JapaneseAmericans:ExecuHveOrder9066(Internmentupheldby
Korematsucase)• AfricanAmericans:DoubleVictorycampaign,raceriots,ExecuHve
Order8802(banneddiscriminaHonindefensework)CongressofRacialEqualityformed(CORE)
ü ThereasonswhythealliesdefeatedtheAxispowers(Big3alliance,U.S.warproducHon,andnewtechnology)
APUSH PERIOD 8: 1945-1980 (15%) 1945: End of World War II (U.S. is a super power)
Yoube3erknowabout:ü ThevariousmethodstheU.S.usedtotrytocontain(GeorgeKennan)thespreadofcommunism• Examples:TrumanDoctrine($toGreece/Turkey),MarshallPlan
($rebuildEurope),NATO(1stpermanentpeacealliance),WarinKoreaandVietnam
ü HowtherelaHonshipbetweentheU.S.andSovietsfluctuatedbetweenperiodsofconfronta4onanddétente• Conflict:BerlinBlockade,KoreanWar,CubanMissileCrisis• Détente:“SpiritofGeneva”,SALTITreaty,NixontoChina
ü WaystheUnitedStatessupportedundemocra4cgovernments,solongastheywerenon-communist• CIAinIran&Guatemala(1950s),SupportforDieminSouth
Vietnam
APUSH PERIOD 8: 1945-1980 (15%) Yoube3erknowabout:ü TheColdWarledtogrowingdebatesathome• Ordervs.liberty:HUAC,McCarthyism,2ndRedScare,AlgerHiss• Arms&SpaceRace:Eisenhower’sMilitaryIndustrialComplex
speech,LaunchingofSputnik>creaHonofNASA&federal$ed.• An4-warMovement:opposiHontoVietnamWar(Tet1968,
bombingCambodia,MyLaimassacre)
ü CivilRightsacHvistsusedlegalchallenges,nonviolence,&directac4ontofightsegregaHonanddiscriminaHon• Examples:Brownv.BoardofEducaHon(1954),MontgomeryBus
Boyco3(1955-56),FreedomRides(1961),FreedomSummer(1964)ü Waysthatthethreebranchesofthegovernmenteventuallyplayedaroleinadvancingthecauseofcivilrights• Execu4ve:Trumandesegregatesthemilitary(1948)• Judicial:Brownv.BoardofEducaHon(1954)• Legisla4ve:CivilRightsActof1964,VoHngRightsAct1965
APUSH PERIOD 8: 1945-1980 (15%)
Yoube3erknowabout:ü Intenseresistancefromsouthernersslowedthepaceofchange• SouthernManifesto,Li3leRock9blockedbyGov.Faubus
ü AssouthernresistanceconHnuedandsocialandeconomicinequalityremained,disputesaroseoverthedifferentphilosophiesforchange• StokelyCarmichael“BlackPower”,MalcolmX,BlackPanthers
ü OthergroupswereinspiredbythecivilrightsmovementandtherewasgrowingawarenessofinequaliHesinAmericansociety• MexicanAmerican(CesarChavez),LGBT(StonewallRiots),
AmericanIndianMovement,Women(FeminineMysHque,NaHonalOrganizaHonforWomen,Roev.Wade)
APUSH PERIOD 8: 1945-1980 (15%)
1980: Election of Ronald Reagan (Conservative Movement)
to
Yoube3erknowabout:ü LiberalismundertheGreatSociety(LBJ)con4nuedtoexpandthepowerofthefederalgovernment(Progressives,NewDeal)• Medicare,Medicaid,Povertyprograms(HeadStart,JobCorps)
CivilRightsAct1964,VoHngRightsAct1965,ImmigraHonActof1965(nomorequotas)
• WarrenCourtdecisionsexpandeddemocracyandindividualfreedoms:Griswoldv.ConnecHcut=birthcontrol,Mirandav.Arizona=protecHonforindividualsaccusedofacrime
ü HowtheGreatSociety,WarrenCourtdecisions,andgrowingcounterculturemovements(hippies,sexualrevoluHon)ledtoaresurgenceofaconserva4vemovement(BarryGoldwater‘64,ElecHonofNixon‘68,Reagan‘80)
APUSH PERIOD 9: 1980-Present (5%) 1980: Election of Ronald Reagan (Rise of Conservatism)
Yoube3erknowabout:ü ThereasonsfortheriseoftheConserva4veMovement
• Beliefinsocialandmoraldecaycontributestotheriseofreligiousfundamentalist(opposedtoaborHon,gaymarriage)
• Reducedpublicfaithinthegovernmentsabilitytosolvesocial&economicproblems• InflaHonofthe1970s,Watergate,growingdeficitofNewDeal&
GreatSocietyprogramsü TheConservaHvesdidachievesomepoli4cal/economicvictories,butdidnotcompletelyundoallgovernmentprogramsorsocialtrends• Conserva4veWins:Reaganomics(reducedtaxes-“trickledown”
economics),deregulaHonofsomeindustries• Conserva4veLosses:Sizeofgovt.grew(SocialSecurity,Medicare
remainedpopularprograms),aborHonsHlllegal
APUSH PERIOD 9: 1980-Present (5%)
Yoube3erknowabout:ü Knowabouttherhetoricvs.therealityofPresidentReagan’sforeignpolicy• Rhetoric:HardcoreanHcommunist,calledSovietsthe“Evil
Empire”,rejectedpolicyofdétente,massincreaseindefensespending
• Reality:HomieswithGorbachevthateventuallyleadstoarmscontrolagreementsandeventuallytheendoftheSovietUnion
ü Howthepost-ColdWarworldledtonewchallengesforU.S.foreignpolicymakers• 9/11a3acksleadtoWaronTerrorism-àAfghanistanwar• BushDoctrine->preempHvestrikeagainstIraqduetoconcerns
oversupportforterrorism&WMDprogramofSaddamHussein• ConcernsoverviolaHonsofcivilliberHesduetolegislaHonsuch
asthePatriotAct
APUSH PERIOD 9: 1980-Present (5%)
Present: The Day of Your APUSH Exam
to
Yoube3erknowabout:ü ChangestoAmericansocietysincethe1970s
• ChangingdemographicsasincreasingnumbersofpeoplecomefromLaHnAmericaandAsia(ImmigraHonActof1965)• SHlldebaHngthisissue---immigraHonreform?
• ConHnueddebateovertheroleoffederalgovernment(HealthCarelaw,SocialSecurityspending,govt.surveillance
• Lossofmanufacturingjobsoverseas,risingincomeinequality(OccupyWallStreetmovement)
• Risingconcernsaboutclimatechange/globalwarming,energypolicy,oilconsumpHon• Previousperiods:JohnMuirSierraClub,TRconservaHon,Rachel
Carson’s“SilentSpring”(pesHcides!),CleanAirAct(1963),creaHonofEnvironmentalProtecHonAgency(1970)