- 15 -

m K&OISL SOL-fly BJ3jga f«

• H S t a r l l ; ' and economic?1^ , Kenya i s one of Whitehall* *>st valuable' co lon ies .

I t i s 3trate 'pical 1y import*rt as a corr idor down t h e coast of A*Y*ca 'Yom B r i t a i n ' s Middle p a s t ^asea t o bar southern a l ly , - South A'Vice.- I t i s u e ing v u i l t as a r e a r :tose r or 'o rees .centred or the > e s Canal, a**d ia a cor r idor '•between the Indian Ocean *nd the important cen t ra l A'Yiean areas roun^ lake Vic to r i a .

Ker.̂ a expor ts , v a s e ] on cheop labour | a r e v s lue v l e t o • ' f r i tain, and Ken-a in ret'irn^is^F^rnarVet r or ^i t i f f t r^reoda.

•

Who i s response l e ' " o r t b* . t e r ro r i sm in Kenya today? Tbf jknya African Imfon ia the lacdinp organisa t ion f l i r t i n g fW, the i n t e r e s t s of the people in'Kerr-a. There a r* believed t o M 100,000 paid up numbers of the K.A.U. In i t s 15-poiiit prografca, the fc".'/»tJ. demnnd.-: hunan r^fhts , ' fcrnine e l e c t i o n s , land Terr t i p Africans, equal education*' democracy, equal pey, free t r a d e M unions, the repeal of repress ive I c r i s l a t i o n .

I t s s i r leaders ore charred with orgenis inp the Mau'Uau, a secret s -c io ty crpape'd in conspiracy. .The Government claims . the Ifeu Ma;: ic ah ant i -whi te t e r r o r organisetio; i d i rected by the K.A.U. end i t c lender , Jono » n y a t t a .

There ia douH about the r c tua l ex i s t e rce of the Iteu Iteu. I t may he that, such a t e r r o r i s t organisa t ion doca e x i s t - a sor t of S tem gang of U.-. ;jYicar. s t m r p i o . Yet evsn so,, i t s i n ­fluence murt, be very s n a i l . After r o r t h s o^ nevspaper heed-l ines of MPU»MBU t e r r o r , the Kenya Government annour.cod t ha t the Ifeu MBI: bed murdered nine Europeans and 193 Afr icans , while troops and po l ice hsd k i l l e d 121 pooplo, rounded up thousands aoro in to concentratior. car.ps, imposed t h e t o r r i b l e system of comnunal "punishment" on the people, deprivinp thousands of thoi r ^road-winners, t h e i r crops and land , t h e i r s tock, t h e i r means of l ive l ihood . In a newspaper r epor t heedod fFew Violwco breaks out in Kenya',, i t i s reporter ' tha t a po l i ce petrol *ired on 300 n a t i v e s , ine l -d inp 100 women, holding an

i l l e g a l /

- 16 -

H'MAl tmtixe.

There ia war today on Kcnye:8 pcop1c. In 10 dcv3 clone, 3,600 A r i e r r s wore errosted in r :mcs3 drive on the AV.rdrrc • o s t e i n s . Coapanica of the Kinr-'s African Ri f les end platoons of the Kenya Repiment ^ c t t h e i r wey throuph J " rp l c , a r r e s t i n g every A rioon they ~ound. In other a reas , thou4 aonde a rc 'deta ined 1 for quest ioning. In one rcic" on the fEt^t-Wiley* 7 AftMcons were c r e a t e d because c deed do? wes found strung tip in tho c r c c . Another tir.;c r r r r uTOC* " w; re carr ied out berovsc Af r i t e r s wen. scon brend'j h t o j s-.i-^n a t c pessing p ? m e . lanccs^ire *us i l i c r s petrol; , r•'-*: '1 rnd rboot on a igbt Kikuyu who ^rcck the curfew rof rnVt 'orc , M i c e and r e a e r r i a t s f i r e ant? 'u rn out luah lc rc r ] »rf :ior>".

*•* w la there orytbinp more e rve l thr r th : .' ry? : c , v : HB*iah»cnt, of impoundii^g ec . t t lc , so iz inf crops, r los ing eahoola, depriving tbousends of vonor tnd chi ldren of p'y..

6f l ive l ihood?

Hcv aany qf the n ine European ? k i ? V i diuJrg K*iiya*a wera**ctuol victjn\s o f c LCCT*C1 socic*,", rnd" Yvv'

it$*vcre ardiiitxy criminol c c t s , i t i* rot po«r_i'To" to «*;."• i a tl>ot the f ie rce repression in Kcnvt: to^iv .*?

«f APTSFCRFT SOCIETY, I t i s a< :d a t p u t r i / -locV end key anyone who can be repaided nr c "crdi r ,

orgfcmiacr or epoVoamen of the people.. I t is c fr **.:.- ' - "P , deaipned with the objec t o* suppressing conrVletc^y the i^rlttlfi l i be ra t ion Movemont., I t i s 0 cover under -wh-ich t e doatroy the Kenya Africa Union, whose ) order:; v<

without a ahred of evidence a pa in fit th**rn. » o

Behind toe war -ctroer. Pr i t i . : ! . i r . p e r i r ' i r -and tbc people t ha t i s today beinp voped ( r t a cor.t of *25Q,000 o day I ) ia tbc ^ s i c isauo of l/:nd. Kenya *s cr. ar«nfc«3jdiigly t f r e r i a n country - norc than 95 per cent of. tba population depend on apr icul t i i rc for a l i v i n p .

-

1» MMM the process of land expropriat ion or ' a l i e n a t i o n 1

iftot,began to South Africa 300 yeara ego, hes been cotnyressod toto f i f t y yecra« & 1901.there were only 13 white s e t t l e r s

V

IT

In K o r o . Tn^cy there r r r 30,000 cr<? 2,000 of then bo l*5U of K e n t ' s f ines t larWj .WHle over r ive Bi l l ion Afrlcow *tu» 50,000 souerv* r i l e s of a<oon<?-vf at IrfYu!. * In the epce* •£-. plttc vgprs - *Yor ]QC5 to 191* - ^tnnjDOfy-ccj^q of Ljf t t 'Vem V n e r ? t c ^ .

" "̂ hr • r H c r r t l o n ' vss svi*t rtid-r»r"tcl« The Icrtf of tUft RiVipui thr ros t f e r t i l e r-<* brat vc tcrc* , voa rspe* f i r at*- -1 . The- Tost -T.r3y 5*0,fOC ~cr<a. l ^ .POn KrUctqpua touitf th&ct--se?,fps or eqvnttnra on Frr^pccr-ovned loiv? - JM*1-theft hrO fof nc-^errtion? ^oloipor' to *hrir f o r r - f r i t ' r - • Very o" the r e s t ware "orrefl tbrourK lr**1 s':ortr.gt *o hrco.Tr lohjurera .to th<~*nov *ct+lora,

- The Kr*rV 1ont ?)C,: -v rcrVs o* t V t r V o O t i ^ r t f l f lr*<*« The Uaar 1 los t nost of r l l » . Th*y wcr- dejrlvet* o r t&eir Toror.l p rTi r . r !crc?a *v"? s-ric-p o* tr.icke:r.".<a ~ro>uj JpTQJ|iJ»c« tt»r"r"hc»Tr few prrr.1 Iris- in'tjifltorj« * AftCf * erfioa of iff riVerta. c*urirp w* leh the Mrs~:- protested "ib :o;?ly. n t cor<jc*~

".aiora of the i r lffi* piver. to white a c t t l o r f , H-t Government nirio c t r ee t y with the* i r 1904, by which the s e t t l e r a w«»r* ollowc? t o t u l t i v r t d rfippc.i*ioJ per t a of i£fc* ir* the S i f t ifcl ley. tfco so tOera Roor hegt:* to tfenend ro re , nrj? thr Offlrcrnaorf .urned tlte Muaci out , t r ans fe r r in? thor." t a the ?x>wcr of rragnr^rUcr• .So tho t r ^ r t wr.a vro):c- ,-rv: : th« UrSni werl rohbod o ' thoi lTat o*" thn i r "inix*.

Apricul tprcl loir-urors c r t c r on co r t r ac t s which e n t a i l t**rir rhaenco fmn the r t .a trrca for ranry rtortha of the yc#r The lev r l lovs for cMlflrcr o r r.11 pgea to bo owployoi In cgr ic l tvay . , with only-cr.c c?.fcpucrd - t h r t children larx'er 50 yum mast N noconprrirf ; y c r e l a t i v e . Tbu tea-#et t r tc* # the Nyrr.fo r o l J a i r e s , thr ^ is r l nr.<* co r r cc plnr.tct5on£» employ furh juveni le 1~***-IT*

A*yjcnn3 :irr driven off the lend l e f t to thee Vy a -S / r tco of htrt «r'5 j.y»l T 7 ' e , a i r j l r r to theer in South Africa* Tbrir former r ^ . v ^ 0** . « i f t inp c I t i v tior.. ie no longer possible in uV n r».rvTa I«crci er of JcnrJ rhortcR^j BO X)>* 3rx>d ia coBtin-ur.^\" ".nrte)* cron.n, b^eoctis air^custoc*., r^j? t h i s laode to erooifl^ Tim flrrt t h r t so rvpy C<?H1T, DTIOS rwst leave th^ rcacrvea t o '-orv eJ;i?v»or' r~»r a vttga rkrfinf thr.t nsty of tho heovj' fbrvJuff

T* -

tesVs e s s e n t i a l t o pood t r rd f t g - V>« c>rininp r rd f^ncihr, for instr.nce - arc pe r fec ted , end poor fcr^inr r . r t W a . c ^ ' t o th* e ros ion .

o ld cry - so f c n i l i r r In t h i s country - i s I rvc 1 1 cd a t the A f r i c m s : t h a t t h e i r lent? i s overstocked. ^breiVLe

iTLiw incrreeea the peoples ' b i t t e r r^sert iocnt .

To A^riccn ir. Kenyr. c m work without o fcipende - o r e g i s t r a t i o n c c r t i f i e e + r , the hc t rd ' p e a s ' . The kipende serves the sene purpose r s the p.-;'ss lxv Sotith Afrietu I t cu3t N c r r r i f d alwc;'S, produced or

There b r s hem sonc provth of. ImJustry in Kenya in recent / t* re» Worci ore usual ly kept below subsis tence l e v e l , baaed on the ayth t i c t t he A rricon worker obtc lns p a r t i a l support fro« h is fteHHy l e f t in the r e s e r v e s . , In i ? U > STTTled

y&r+xvm ct\me& en rvcrofc o r 45 s h i l l i n g s n rftntfr. u r s k i l l e d ID t o 25 s h i l l i n g s .

U taes t i c l abour -is en important, per t of Kcryr ' s econorcy. B»c cckootrist Vertra observed-thot bnc fqo t r r t of imperialism in 'A»ay I s c tendency for workers t o ' peas over from the sphere of production i n t o the sphere of c i r c u l a t i o n end in to the por-MDOl se rv ice bf the r u l i n g c l a s s ! • This is s t r i k i n p l y enn-firwod in Kenya. In 1945, 1 # of a l l Arriccns employed out-. s i d e the reserves vero in doacs t i c s e r v i c e . In t h a t yoer „ t h e r e Hie en everape of one se rvnr t for olmost every white man,

find chi ld i r Keryr.

labour was conscr ipted in Kenya dxirlnf the war, and t h i s war ooftseriptior fixed t h e DCJCIJBUB number nf mclc se rvants in % t roM ae th ree for a household of one adu l^ , four for a * > ^ * o U of two odulte#

« .M-* ;« ;MI

Tm Kenya today the re a re 30,000 Euro-, 24,000 Arabs, 100,000 Ind ians , nnd 5,250,000 Afr icans .

'•'be Governor, appointed in tendon, has e f f ec t ive power.

- 19 ~

He is cdviscd, but not cont ro l led , b y i m E x w t i r c Council of *our Europeans.

Tbc. fRirXlcncnt? Is c Loplalctivc « o u a 0 J 3 , ^ i f t 4 t b oenns here 39 r c p r c s c n t c t i r c a , Indict* $ , 4 « i « i aj? t ad /tfcfr« ecus 6 - e l l the African nenbera or© apntos ted , not c l i r t t i

All locol Govomnent 1B run t # I^ropoCM,., except to -Otrta 'a ercrs where locr.l >Tctivo Councils run by chiefs ft^andly'to i t * r-ovcrnnent, cro cllnwe^ t o opcre tc . But they tafc inadequate *Vr^s, r n J dopend e r t i r e l y upon the D i s t r i c t Corwiaaiooers,

• The Govrrror i s usucl ly appointed ffcrfive jreor^, cri^ #e-r pcry*6 IrrreDy on c i v i l se rvants , drewn f ro* upper-clrsa Bri t ish G r i l l e s .

Even the Eur-~pem sect ion of the Jjepislr t ivc Couccil 'can tardly be cel led dcrx>crat5c. They arc e l w t o d , t t i s t r ^ c , but only c sne l l pcrcentrpo of the t a t t l e r s 6rc rcp*ot«r«#' ^ > t e r s . . In the .Gcrejjr.l Elect ion of TfylU$ fbr instwiee, t k r t o t e ] nuribor o ' . v o t r s ' c e s t wrs 1,4.65•

Typicr l o r the ncmbcrs of the Lcpis le t ivo Council i s do lone 1' E.S. Croprn, o lde s t nen*xr - 7$ yccra old . Ro d^ t l s r* I r s t TV»^unN:r: B I r ' t h i s 1B r e ^ M o n , rnd obviously i t i s , then cnyonc tr.king per t in i t i s p o l i t y of trooson nt>6 th* proper puniahrcrt for t h a t is to be henpec* by the neck t s t U dend."

The Colonel r.<Vcdt "About 10Q of these re soc le" shoul f )jc chcrpod with t r ccson , rnd-25j£ of than hrnped ID *yo»t of the r e n r i r ^ c r , who should be sertt.bocV to the reserves • to t e l l the joy'Vl news t o the o t h e r s . "

Kcnyc i s ovcrwb1clninp?y an aprerlon country - more then 95? o^ tbr poputetion dcpcn<? on cpr icu l tu rc fbr a l i v i n p .

1^22 sew the f i r s t pc re rc ) s t r i k e in Ker?yo. Since then then Yrs been a continuous h i s t o r y of labour

s t r t jgf leV •*

- ?o -

Strvferl** cw» o t U w p t c ' orgonisct icau The W 2 3tr fleers, 1*0 mt outs ide pol ice hector ̂ crtcra in flcirobi holding prcycr HCotlEfa and ^omndinf the r e l e a s e of t h e i r loader , wrrc f t ro^ on ty the p o l i c e , and the docd rnd wounded l ey in t h e s t r e e t s of Hcirobi* The Choirncn o r tho organi ­sa t ion • t h e Boat JLfriccn Aaaocintion - was deported without o t r i a l .

There were two general s t r iVr s in Ifr^hcsc, In 1°^9 en'' 1944* which focvaacd a t t e n t i o n on the deplorable l i v i n p condi t ions , the - t e r r ib le housing, s t c r v r t i o n vrpes , lonp hotire.. worked, end the infrinjrenent by onplcrcrs of t h e i r IOPT.1 obl ipct inns* The fincir.ps of c Connlssion oc cn-r u t r y w w c kept s e c r e t , but African rMe^s wcr^ hurr ied fgm t o po.ciijr t he worVera*

toother *%»erel a t r i k e i b Monbrsr in 1Q4" las ted for twelve days,

Tbc Eoat Africa* Associat ion was d r c l c r r 5 i l 1 c g o l , i t s lechers p e n a l i s e d But the i^er of union hrc* teken hoV saonp the people , end where they could r o t orgr.rise oncr.ly, thev organise* underground.

In 19AQ, 2,000 t r an spo r t worV-rs struck for 16 d r y s . Jfa 1950 t he r e wes a perora l a t r i k e in NoiroM in protes t agc ins t the- c r r c s t o? the socrctrr"- rr*d pres ident o f the Ebst Aft-lean Trades Union Conprcss, fornc*""1 the previous ye^r« This orpcriar+ior. t o o , i s now i l l c p n l .

EH'CATIdL E ^ w c t i o n in Kenya h r s c3wr."s be.*" Inrp'V* 3* tho

taenia of t h e rissionnr.U-3. Wbcn t h e Trrr* vrs o p t T - *rp, t b s miss ionar ies povrcd in t o ac t cb^ut r^nvcr t inf tho hoethen, end c s t c ^ l i s n c 1 cch^l f l to tench the ce t r r 1 i s - : :• t h e b i b l e . Miosior.r*rp rcrwire '1 c r t r c r chc ' c s t;\* r: ;(.f ogenta o f Afrlcrn od^co4 ion, ensurinp t h d t1 c vest -* j - r " \ " • f AfVieana woul/* never be oducr tc" , en'3 tho*'. vbo *><.T< v w V be protectc** D^r i rc t Vnrfcroua I-*ceaf«

Edneetion for Europeans i s conpolsory f ror 7 to 3 5 .

Indian/

- 21 -

•Ion creation is now coapolsoiy fbr-oll IW?1ED Usfr fftotJftK towns. \ Hot nore tbrn 18< of African cfcilfirxm.*•»*»•"**

i»oetion o t e l l , " while no noro them .03*. (In 3943) reoe*-4# jor Junior aeconc'cTW stcnter*3.

•

Por.eTOsy wull l lhr the G<*rcrwent spends on en African i l d t t school', 350 crc spent on Vio European chiltf (*?tf t ^ r r s ) . lite okpcitf i to r r en chi3^rtrt o# school ego i s *VCD r e revet? l np . - £75.6 nrr her'5 ccch yoxr or.•Busrpoors, oi>d or Wt5T*r.5O0 t ihes less" - 3.07 'dhlU.lnps*.

A 3^rpr proportion o f A "Wear cO.ol-.3r.rc svWtloachtcry* p y crc %m«h sch?olJ f . Mhr- -the tci-v.-*r*j h^vc l i t t l e o^ucatiflp jy\1«o t r r t ^ J . ^ *-!** "t>r f ' N v , I !- r; A\ r t a i t e f t " KVCTJ to c > -b;t>r:- r •> <v.1:i#: ur-Ji c^icr . t iw if ?* --re-ic? +0 t Titivctinp aroll rr-;vn nic/3 V?* s inplr hen^cro / i^* c*'9 toe c h i l l e r . onerf© crwly i i t ' / v r r .

L» 19S3»-an inpoTtcm> ntm.rv*rt starV**1 rixir-p tfc» African* ir-'^istft1 •?..'rh ! . * ^ r ^ ^ : T / ' - ; " . , ".rtVpcrVcnl of the rds:rione» Vc iil>i7v ^ur r^c ' 4 sccv'Jcr CL 00I.5, r«s» c i ther t y the Africans the.*"*'-', T - vr ';] r fto7erft!Wtt» if!.-"r'. Ki t iv t ) - tourcik ooiuclJy vote3 1209o00 to establish sue*1 ctlv-ols, rttf v>hc ATr^ccrm *' *-r«.* * ^ i i.mir>itrcpcc r r - ' l t - r p i ^ l t w * 3 i The *cpTy of: the r.-v-r:.i^nt \TS- to.throw r.j] t V r vripn ' l " r ; : ! ^ rh.c missions,

*ihc Kil--;\ us i * t r l l r t r " V :v • lir.p up bub col:, independent ;f i'ovcriircnt en'1 r i a s ion . IIu vr?*th of He nijiborit ica vrs *rrat* locnl fctivc Councils were prc?cr.\'-'\ fron noVing 4 i r cc t rrctits to these schools* Inspectors were h w W »TCvi£ to r^oclrrr then uncetisfectory.

With pr'etpictcK* fund's, on^ the t a rge t of much &b>\se, jjpt 'these independent schools progressed. In five yfcars, A3 V«r* estc^l inhc^. . By 19A6, more then 1D0 were bfcing n o i n t n i r c ' hy the c o m m i t ? , rn*3 in 1952, 300*

Everywhere e l s e , orccpt ctaonf the Kileum,- opposition to the mission schorls wis ovrrcomc. But because ircporir.H«« ch-oscs the mission ns I t s ttartruncnt age ins t in^epfrnr'cr.t

thinkinr-

22.

»f*. iNM* to-fttthjfct coo^Bt t*v Kikuyu independent school f^ptcjittttc^^teT m t c thc r c r e v o l t r r e fna t the wFc pcrtlculr-r p i s s ion . I t wca a lcr^nork o r

i W ^ ^ f C rrwK iwcpcwVirt achoola btvc *x>o» clo rUSni thc r e r r "feu Mcv" i n s t i t u t i o n .

/.*Yicr ^3 i r p o r t c r t in the WorV to<?ay. of the worV bos >*ct3 los t to the specula tors , l o s t

I ta l ian , l i n t , r s ix th of the worlf1 wont out o v t he i r for o i l t i ne - ar<* they hove never ceoss^ t ry ing to pet

, .fb*r lnrf* creca of h iph ly - iu* atTteMaer* Europe fetter t e ^ t e air1* of •ocl t i l ia 'von^ peocr. Anc' after, the t

^ S f ^ c e t Ipnc's of Chirr , wit* i t s hup< por Intion rr*3 the ' « 8 ^ *ivtt isfction i* -the worV.

All Aair ia In forwit% Ir.^ir. i s ng lor per tbfc he. ppy lractlnf prow* *or Br i t i sh IrpfcrinHsrs, thr- t r on sure, houar t h 6 t . i t once wca. Ifcloyn c rnrc t >< WT* stf* f ror i t s ~<vn pftoplea, in sp i t e of e l l the . V * n r -w-»err n i l i t e r y wcr.pona flSS? pewcr. Vi t t -n rn cor+5pu^s to m fflci *^o ir^crio"* invc^e*. $P*m be* apt | U C U D V C J tr» thoc f 1n spit- ' tJin nost t e r r i b l e • — ^ f a i i tft be foupht.

^Iftt U lo f t ?

Africs i s l**t, with I t s vr$t f s t i l l 3nrcc3y urrxploite* weal th, Jtfl r i r c r o l s en'3 irrr.-pover. £*ricn 5a

for tho3». plnrrJnf r. th i r^ wnrl'.1 wrr. ° r i t o i r or.n fifck*- th< r.p^ cr^rcf >̂ concessions to r o l o r i r l

The l i b r r r t i o r novr r r r t - r K' n?T r?:at br s;>pprrs3< * • - os Ir. South /. r i c e . 'ft-Scr t h r s^ condi t ions ,

so of e Hcu Men, ^r o r poiscrr * wr tw c r " r. school ? - enytbin<~ rocs , / r *hoar v*o hclievr ir prorr«ss

^evtlopnrnt of r l3 hunt.r :tjr ennrot h< s i t o v Jr i r 1 inr

,0o orVj