KREBS CYCLE & ELECTRON TRANSPORT Chapter 7-2 .

transcript

KREBS CYCLE &

ELECTRON TRANSPORTChapter 7-2

http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpghttp://www.therunningdoctor.com/runinjuries.htm

REMEMBER:The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis. The presence or absence of _______________decides which path it takes next.

OXYGEN

• See video 9A AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Flowchart

Section 9-2

Glucose(C6H1206)

+Oxygen

GlycolysisKrebsCycle

Cellular Respiration

We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present.

Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing

_______________ follows glycolysis if oxygen is

present

KREBS CYCLE

• See video 9C See video 9D• KREBS CYCLE KREBS cont’d

REMEMBER:

Glycolysis happens inthe ________________outside the mitochondria.

Krebs cycle happens in_____________inside the mitochondria

CYTOPLASM

MATRIX

_______________ (also called pyruvate)enters the _________________

Pyruvic acid joinswith _______________to form ________________

PYRUVIC ACID

COENZYME A

Diagram by Riedell

ACETYL - CoA

MITOCHONDRION

WHERE DO THESE GO?

Carbon dioxide is released into the ________________

High energy electron carriers move into the

____________________

atmosphere

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

(We will come back to this later)

Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #2)

Citric Acid Formation:

2 carbon ACETYL-COA combines with a 4 carbon molecule to form a 6-carbon molecule called _______________ .

citric acid

WHERE DO THESE GO?

Coenzyme A goes back to pick up another _____________

Citric acid completes

the ___________

Pyruvic acid

KREBS CYCLE

Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #3)

KREBS CYCLE PRODUCES

WHERE DOES IT GO?

6 carbons in original glucose are lost as ________________ to atmosphere

Carbon dioxide

WHERE DO THESE GO?

ATP can be used directlyto supply __________ for the cell.

High energy electron carriers move into the

____________________

energy

Flowchart

Section 9-2

Glucose(C6H1206)

+Oxygen

GlycolysisKrebsCycle

ElectronTransport

Cellular Respiration

We will next focus on the Electron Transport Chain.

WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN?

Glycolysis KREBS ET

Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINare located in the ___________________________Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

• See video 9E See video 9F• ELECTRON TRANSPORT ET cont’d

INTERMEMBRANE SPACE

MATRIX

CRISTAE

Electron Transport Chain Animation-(select start, continue, and #1)

Electron Transport Chain:

High-energy _____________ from __________ and __________are passed along the electron transport chain.

Energy from passing electrons is used to transport _____________________ across the membrane.

electrons

NADH FADH2

Hydrogen ions (H+)

The pumping of H+ ions into the _______________________ represents potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP.As H+ ions escape through ion channels back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP toform _______

Electron Transport Chain Animation-(select start, continue, and #3)

INTERMEMBRANE SPACE

ATP SYNTHASE

________________ serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.

At the end of the electron transport chain, an enzyme combines the electrons with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form ______________water (H2O)

OXYGEN

High-energy electrons from ________ come in at beginning but electrons from _________come in farther down the chain.

Electron Transport Chain Animation-(#1 and #2)

NADH → _____FADH2 → _____

3 ATP’s

2 ATP’s

Glucose Glycolysis

Cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid

Electrons carried in NADH

Krebs Cycle

Electrons carried in

NADH and FADH2

Electron Transport

Mitochondrion

Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview

WHATS THE BIG PICTURE?

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONincludes:

______________________

_______________________

GLYCOLYSIS

KREBS CYCLE

GLYCOLYSISHappens in ______________

Breaks down ____________into ________________

Produces

_______ __________2

CYTOPLASM outside mitochondria1 glucose

2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate)

KREBS CYCLEhappens in ________________

Breaks down _________________

Produces: ____ ____

____ ____

MATRIXinside mitochondria

2 pyruvic acid

ELECTRON TRANSPORT

Enzymes found in _____________

Uses high energy electrons and H+ ionsdonated by _______ and _______

Makes ___________

________ acts a final electron acceptor to produce ________

cristae inner membrane of mitochondria

NADH FADH2

OXYGENH2O

32 (net) ATP

Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing

CELLULAR RESPIRATION(aerobic/ with oxygen):

1 glucose → _______________

FERMENTATION(anaerobic/ without oxygen):

1 glucose → ________________

36 ATP

CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY

Images from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

Cells burn GLUCOSE for their energy needs

Remember !

EXERCISE and ENERGY(Short term energy)

Cells normally contain _________amounts of ATP produced by_______________

(only enough for a few seconds of activity)

Once this ATP is used up_____________ fermentation can provide enough ATPto last about ___________________.

GLYCOLYSIS

LACTIC ACID

http://www.therunningdoctor.com/runinjuries.htm

90 seconds

EXERCISE and ENERGY(Short term energy)

Once race is over, _______________must be broken down using oxygen.

Well __________ athletes burnlactic acid moreefficiently.

trained

Image from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg

Lactic acid

EXERCISE and ENERGY(LONGER term energy)

For exercise longer than 90 seconds_____________________ is the onlyway to make enough ATP.

Cellular respiration releases energy_____________ than fermentation.

Well conditioned athletes must pace themselves during a long race.

more slowly

Cellular respiration

Animal cells store GLUCOSE as_____________to use later.

Image from: http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif

GLYCOGENREMEMBER

What happens in a long race when the body’s glucose all is used up?

________________ store glucose as ________________ which can be broken down into glucose to supply energy for_______________of activity.

MUSCLES

15-20 minutes

glycogen

After glycogen stores are used up the body

begins to break down ________

That’s why aerobic exercise

must continue for longer than

20 minutes if you want tolose weight!

Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg

ALL CELLS NEED ENERGY

All __________________(including plant and animal cells) have _______________ for cellular respiration

All __________________ (bacteria)have their electron transport enzymes attached to their_____________________

Remember: No membrane bound organelles!

mitochondria

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

Cell membranes

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS

LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things

9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.Photosynthesis and respiration

ATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymesMitochondriaChloroplasts

Core High School Life SciencePerformance Descriptors

High school students performing at the

ADVANCED level:

analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle;

predict the function of a given structure;

PROFICIENT level:

describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (…role of enzymes)

describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);

describe the relationship between structure and function

BASIC level

name chemical reactions required to sustain life (… role of enzymes)

name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);

recognize that different structures perform different functions;

SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS

• 9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS)

• Examples: Krebs Cycle

LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.

Internet

• Links from the authors on Creatine

• Share kimchi lab data

• Interactive test

• For links on cellular respiration, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3091.

• For links on the Krebs cycle, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3092.

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KREBS CYCLE & ELECTRON TRANSPORT Chapter 7-2 .

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