Post on 21-Jun-2015
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GSM Systems Division
Andrew J WiltonDirector of Applied Research
GSM Systems Division
Andrew J WiltonDirector of Applied Research
GSM Systems Division
GSM Systems Division AGENDA
Why Packet? GSM/GPRS Architecture
What is EDGE? Deployment Issues
Standards Terminal Classes
GPRS Applications
Why Packet? GSM/GPRS Architecture
What is EDGE? Deployment Issues
Standards Terminal Classes
GPRS Applications
AgendaAgenda
GSM Systems Division AGENDA
Why Packet? GSM/GPRS Architecture
What is EDGE? Deployment Issues Terminal Classes
Standards GPRS Applications
GSM Systems Division Why Packet?
Bursty Services
bit/s
t
WWW browsing exampleMean
• Many user actions are burstye.g. browsing WWW pages
• Internet has variable delays
• PSTN channel not used 100%
WWW pages
Circuit Data Utilisation
CircuitCapacity
33.6k
* 56.6 Kbits/s
Capacity (Mbytes)
USED AVAILABLE* % USED
Email 0.99 9.7 10.2(Download)
Email 0.06 3.0 2.0(Browsing)
Web 0.23 4.2 5.5(browsing)
Why PacketWhy Packet
GSM Systems Division Why Permanent Virtual Circuits?
Modem Modem
Email Server
Auth. Server
InternetGSM PSTN
User
Email via GSM Email via GPRS Email Server
GPRS
User
Auth. Server
Internet
Authenticated path to Email server
Virtual GPRS Data Tunnel
INITIAL CALL PROCESS TIME (s)
• GSM Call 4• TrainModem 30• Login and Authenticate 11• Download mail 180
Total 3 min 45s
SUBSEQUENT CALL
• Repeat Above 3 min 45s
Mail Only When ConnectedMail Only When Connected
INITIAL CALL PROCESS TIME (s)
• GPRS Call 4• Login and Authenticate 11• Download mail 180
Total 3 min 15s
SUBSEQUENT CALL
• Not applicable - Virtual Cct 0min 0s
Mail Continuously DownloadedMail Continuously Downloaded
Permanent Virtual CircuitsPermanent Virtual Circuits
GSM Systems Division
* lower figure is data only
Saturated Voice Cell- 1 Carrier- 150 subscribers
Upgradeto
Data Saturated Voice Cell+ 15% Subs are Data Users @ 56kbit/s
Penetration GPRS HSCSD
3% 0 5*-12
15% 0 14*-21
New Timeslots Required 1
1 Conditions:Data - 1:10 duty cycle - 15 minute sessions
- 1 session/ 4 hours~ 10 mins worst case delay
Voice - 20mE - 1% blocking
GPRS - the Low Cost Data UpgradeGPRS - the Low Cost Data Upgrade
GSM Systems Division AGENDA
Why Packet? GSM/GPRS Architecture
What is EDGE? Deployment Issues
Standards Terminal Classes
GPRS Applications
AgendaAgenda
GSM Systems Division
GPRS GPRS RegisterRegisterH/VLRH/VLR
MSCMSC
BTSBTS BSCBSC
GMSCGMSC
HLR/AUCGPRS
Register
MAP
A-bis
PSTPSTNN
‘A’
GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
GSM Systems Division
SGSNSGSN
GPRS GPRS RegisterRegisterH/VLRH/VLR
GGSNGGSN
SGSNSGSN
MSCMSC
BTSBTS BSCBSC
GMSCGMSC
Peer Elements
CircuitCircuitSwitchedSwitchedTrafficTraffic
PacketPacketTrafficTraffic
HLR/AUCHLR/AUCGPRSGPRS
RegisterRegister
A-bis
PCUPCUGb
Gi
Gn
MAP
MAP‘A’
GGSNGGSN
PSTPSTNN
Architecture - GSM with GPRSArchitecture - GSM with GPRS
Public Switched Public Switched Packet NetworkPacket Network
GSM Systems Division
Routeing info
Intranet
HLR
SGSN
External Data DomainMobililty ManagementSession Management- QoS- Security- Attach/Detach
SGSN Internet
Servers
ClientGGSN
MAPSignalling
MAPSignalling(GGSN) (SGSN)
- Routing- Signalling - Resource Mgt.
Client
BSSPCU
BSSPCU
BSSPCU
BSSPCU
BSSPCU
What IS an SGSN/GGSNWhat IS an SGSN/GGSN
GSM Systems Division
RLC–Segmentation/Re-assembly
–ARQ
MAC–Multiplexing (different mobiles)
–Contention resolution (u/l) - QOS related
–Scheduling/queueing (d/l) - QOS related
CCU
BSC GSNBTS
Abis Gb
PCU
RLC
MAC PacketSwitching
GPRSFunction
The Packet Control Unit (PCU)The Packet Control Unit (PCU)
GSM Systems Division AGENDA
Why Packet? GSM/GPRS Architecture
What is EDGE? Deployment Issues
Standards Terminal Classes
GPRS Applications
AgendaAgenda
GSM Systems Division
• A new modulation Scheme- 8PSK
• 200 KHz Channel spacing- unchanged
• Symbol rate unchanged- 270k symbol/sBUT- 3 bits/symbol
Rate Code RateCS1 9.05kb/s 0.5CS2 13.4kb/s 0.66CS3 15.6kb/s 0.75CS4 21.4kb/s 1.0
GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)
GPRSGPRS
Rate Code RateMCS5 22.4 kb/s 0.37MCS6 29.6 kb/s 0.49MCS7 44.8 kb/s 0.76MCS8 59.2 kb/s 1.00
8-PSK (3 bit/s/symbol)
GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)
Rate Code RateMCS1 8.8 kb/s 0.53MCS2 11.2 kb/s 0.66MCS3 14.8 kb/s 0.80MCS4 17.6 kb/s 1.00
EDGE = GMSK + PSK
EDGEEDGE
EDGE - Key AspectsEDGE - Key AspectsEDGE - Key AspectsEDGE - Key Aspects
Coding Rates for GPRS & EDGECoding Rates for GPRS & EDGE
GSM Systems Division
• Higher Date Rate Requires
- More RF Bandwidth
- More C/I
• For EDGE additional C/I
- 7 - 10 dB
= 1+log2 )(CB
SI
Shannon’s LawShannon’s Law EDGE Coverage Relative to Speech EDGE Coverage Relative to Speech 1,21,2
0
20
40
60
80
100
8.8 11.2 14.8 17.6 22.4 29.6 44.8 59.2
% Cell Area Covered
Data Rate / Time Slot
1 Interference Limited Case2 Conditions: • Speech Coverage 12dB C/I
• 4/12 Re-use• No SFH• 10 % Block Erasure Rate
EDGE - Coverage vs Data RateEDGE - Coverage vs Data Rate
GSM Systems Division
* Whole Carrier* Whole Carrier 1 4 time Slots1 4 time Slots 2 Interference Ltd2 Interference Ltd
PathPath StandardsStandards DelayDelay EquipmentEquipment SpectrumSpectrum B/WB/W CoverageCoverage 2
HSCSD 1
GPRS 1
EDGE 1
UMTS*
x4
x4
x20
x40
GSM Now
Now
Q1 ‘99
Q1 ‘00
Q1 ‘00
Evolution Paths for GSMEvolution Paths for GSM
GSM Systems Division AGENDA
Why Packet? GSM/GPRS Architecture
What is EDGE? Deployment Issues
Standards Terminal Classes
GPRS Applications
AgendaAgenda
GSM Systems Division
• Assumes 4/12 reuse and speech coverage at 12 dB C/I (no SFH)
No Retransmission
0
20
40
60
80
100
8.8 11.2 14.8 17.6 22.4 29.6 44.8 59.2(kb/s)
Two Retransmissions
One Retransmission
Effect of ARQEffect of ARQ
GSM Systems Division
• Over Dimension Transmission Over Dimension Transmission - delay budget- delay budget
• QoS ManagementQoS Management
PSTNPSTN PPDNPPDN
MSCMSCMSCMSC
XCDRXCDRXCDRXCDR
GGSNGGSNGGSNGGSN
SGSNSGSNSGSNSGSN
GMSCGMSCGMSCGMSC
• TransmissionTransmission• MSC CostsMSC Costs• TranscodersTranscoders
• TransmissionTransmission• IP RoutersIP Routers• Media GatewaysMedia Gateways
? ?
Voice over Packet
Voice over Circuit
BTSBTSBTSBTS
BSCBSCBSCBSC PCUPCU
CostCost Bandwidth vs DelayBandwidth vs Delay
20 ms*
x1
x10
2 ms*
Capacity
Average
bit/s
tVoice
Voice Voice packets packets
lostlost
Voice Voice packets packets
lostlost Data in spare voice B/W
Data in spare voice B/W
Packet Switch
Voice Over IPVoice Over IP
GSM Systems Division
GSM SERVICE IMPLEMENTATIONGSM SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION
- MSC based- MSC based- Slow rollout (regression testing)- Slow rollout (regression testing)- Service lost on roaming- Service lost on roaming- New Service introduction- New Service introduction - potentially corrupts all services- potentially corrupts all services- Tied to MSC vendor- Tied to MSC vendor
PSTNPSTN PPDNPPDN
MSCMSCMSCMSC
XCDRXCDRXCDRXCDR
GGSNGGSNGGSNGGSN
SGSNSGSNSGSNSGSN
GMSCGMSCGMSCGMSC
BTSBTSBTSBTS
BSCBSCBSCBSC PCUPCU
GPRS SERVICE IMPLEMENTATIONGPRS SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION
- - Client Server basedClient Server based- Very fast rollout- Very fast rollout- Multiple sources for Application - Multiple sources for Application developmentdevelopment- Each service is stand alone- Each service is stand alone - cannot corrupt others- cannot corrupt others- Matched to Web implementation- Matched to Web implementation
IP Address ServerServer
Phone (Client)Phone (Client)
The Service providerThe Service provider
GSM Systems Division
5th Supplier5th Supplier - UMTS RAN- UMTS RAN
BSCBSCBSCBSC PCUPCUPCUPCU
PSTNPSTN
MSCMSCMSCMSC
XCDRXCDRXCDRXCDR
GGSNGGSNGGSNGGSN
SGSNSGSNSGSNSGSN
BTSBTSBTSBTS
GMSCGMSCGMSCGMSC
BSCBSCBSCBSC
XCDRXCDRXCDRXCDR
BTSBTSBTSBTS
RNCRNCRNCRNC
NODE BNODE BNODE BNODE B NODE BNODE BNODE BNODE B
UMTS RANUMTS RAN
Iu
Gb
‘A’
4
22
11
55
33
ServerServerServerServerPPDNPPDNPPDNPPDN Single MSC/Single MSC/
+ BSS Supplier+ BSS Supplier
22ndnd Supplier Supplier- BSS- BSS
33rdrd Supplier Supplier- GPRS Core - GPRS Core NetworkNetwork
44thth Supplier Supplier- Service Framework- Service Framework
GPRS- Opportunities for CompetitionGPRS- Opportunities for Competition
GSM Systems Division
UMTS UMTS
GSM
UMTS
• Islands of UMTS coverage- small cell size- demand driven
• Wide area coverage- GPRS or EDGE
• Dual mode UMTS/GSM handsets
ServerServerServerServer
GPRS/EDGE
UMTS
UMTS Service
• Services at edge of network- transport via GSM or UMTS
• Service Transparent to Transport- between operators- between media (copper, mobile etc.,)- A few services
- will run less well on GPRS/EDGE
CELLULAR COVERAGE CELLULAR SERVICE
Data
Data
Islands of CoverageIslands of Coverage
GSM Systems Division
• Client/Server will be the Service Solution
• Opportunities for Competition
• UMTS Ready
• Large number of Application Developers
• Service Re-use on UMTS
• Sell Service on Value not Cost
• Client/Server will be the Service Solution
• Opportunities for Competition
• UMTS Ready
• Large number of Application Developers
• Service Re-use on UMTS
• Sell Service on Value not Cost
- Speed of service deployment- UMTS will require for cost effective deployment- No disruption to speech service
- No longer ‘tied’ to switch vendor
- Re-use of GPRS core network
- Competition- Speed
GPRS Threats and OpportunitiesGPRS Threats and Opportunities
GSM Systems Division AGENDA
Why Packet? GSM/GPRS Architecture
What is EDGE? Deployment Issues
Standards Terminal Classes
GPRS Applications
AgendaAgenda
GSM Systems Division Standards IssuesStandards Issues
PSTNPSTN
MSCMSCMSCMSC
XCDRXCDRXCDRXCDR
GGSNGGSNGGSNGGSN
SGSNSGSNSGSNSGSN
GMSCGMSCGMSCGMSC
RNCRNCRNCRNC
NODE BNODE BNODE BNODE B NODE BNODE BNODE BNODE B
UMTS RANUMTS RAN
Iu Interface
Gb
ServerServerServerServerPPDNPPDNPPDNPPDN
To GSM BSSTo GSM BSS
Upgraded MSCUpgraded MSCNetworkNetwork
GPRS CoreGPRS CoreNetworkNetwork
Iu
- One Logical Interface
- Two Physical Interfaces
GSM Systems Division AGENDA
Why Packet? GSM/GPRS Architecture
What is EDGE? Deployment Issues
Standards Terminal Classes
GPRS Applications
AgendaAgenda
GSM Systems Division GPRS Terminal TypesGPRS Terminal Types
Type A: Can support circuit and packet calls concurrently.
Type B:This type of phone can support circuit or packet (not both together) and can be registered for both…i.e. an IP address and a PSTN number.
Type C:This type of phone can only be registered for packet OR circuit but not both.
GSM Systems Division
Multislotclass
Maximum number of slots Type
Rx Tx1 1 1 12 2 1 13 2 2 14 3 1 15 2 2 16 3 2 17 3 3 18 4 1 19 3 2 1
10 4 2 111 4 3 112 4 4 113 3 3 214 4 4 215 5 5 216 6 6 217 7 7 218 8 8 219 6 2 120 6 3 121 6 4 122 6 4 123 6 6 124 8 2 125 8 3 126 8 4 127 8 4 128 8 6 129 8 8 1
Tx and Rxnotconcurrent
Tx and RxDuplex
Tx and Rxseparateframes
COMPLEXITY FACTOR
Low
Medium
High
GPRS Terminal - Multi-Slot ClassesGPRS Terminal - Multi-Slot Classes
GSM Systems Division AGENDA
Why Packet? GSM/GPRS Architecture
What is EDGE? Deployment Issues
Standards Terminal Classes
GPRS Applications
AgendaAgenda
GSM Systems Division
• Dual Slot Phones
• SIM Toolkit- some services now
• WAP,MExE- full network interaction- in the future
E-Commerce -Key EnablersE-Commerce -Key Enablers
GSM Systems Division E-commerce
Dual-slot mobile phones(SIM Toolkit)
Retailers
Loyalty CardsBankingShoppingPromotions
Financial / Banking
FinanceBankingOn-line transactionsClearing House
Corporate / OperatorApplications
VPNe-mailCost controlIntranet
Certificate Authority
MerchantTransactions
MobileTransactions
Application Providers
ContentNewsWeatherSport
E- Commerce Over GPRSE- Commerce Over GPRS
GSM Systems Division
GSM Systems Division
The EndThe End