La prochaine génération photovoltaïque sera-t-elle organique ? par Jean Manca | Liege Creative,...

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Parole d’expert

Jean MANCA, UHasselt, Organext project coordinator

Will the next photovoltaic generation be Organic ?

Avec le soutien de :

WILL THE NEXT PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION BEWILL THE NEXT PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION BEORGANIC ?ORGANIC ?

Prof dr Jean Manca - Universiteit HasseltProf.dr. Jean Manca Universiteit Hasseltjean.manca@uhasselt.be

Château de Colonster, Liège 25/04/2013Château de Colonster, Liège 25/04/2013

The The TeraTera--WattWatt (TW=10(TW=101212 W) W) challengechallenge

Global power consumption : 15 TW (2050 : 30 TW)

The sun is a solutionThe sun is a solution

www.3E.be

Photovoltaic energy (PV)Photovoltaic energy (PV)

– Peak power sunlight : 1000 W/m2

– Si : Eg = 1.1 eV ; 99% PV market– Efficiency commercial Si-solar cell : 10-15%

PV is a solutionPV is a solution

California: 1m²=1 barrel/year

1.5% of Europe = global elektricity demand 1m 1 barrel/year

Belgium : 2m²elektricity demand

(η=12%)

PV is a solutionPV is a solutionSolar energy : highest energy yield per hectare

But…Highest cost!

=>for TW-challenge lower gcost PV

PVPV--costs: learning curvecosts: learning curvecost of PV reduces with 20% with a doubling of worldwide accumulated production ;

2 driving forces :

‘S l l i ’– ‘Scale learning’– ‘Technology learning’ : novel (nano)technologies lead tot

accelerated learning curvecost of PV equal ith energ generation based on fossile fuels at a produced olume >cost of PV equal with energy generation based on fossile fuels at a produced volume >

100 GW 100

0.110 100 1000 10000 100000

Accumulated production [MW]Accumulated production [MW]

PV GENERATIONSPV GENERATIONSTHINNER, BETTER, CHEAPER & Different, ,

1st generation PV :1 generation PV :Si wafer-based technology

2nd generation PV : Thin-film Si on different substrate

3rd generation PV :Thin-film energy-conversionNano-materials based :O i l ll-Organic solar cells

-Grätzel solar cells-Hybrid solar cells-…

OrganicOrganic Electronics Electronics

Semiconductive inks paint solutionCarbon-basedSemiconductive inks, paint, solution

SOLUBLE!

Solution processable Printable

OrganicOrganic Electronics Electronics

• Emerging key technology for the 21st century• Variety of applications: LEDs, transistors, electrochromic windows,

(bio)sensors, solar cells,..• Novel generation of electronics: printable, flexible, smart textiles,..• Broad economic perspectives (also for SME’s)• Solar cells: renewable energy and intelligent ambient

OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells

Thickness : 100 nm=> 1000X thinner than Si

Donor material

e.g. P3HT

Acceptor materials

LUMOe.g. PCBM

Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) LUMOBulk heterojunction (BHJ)Cathode

HOMO HOMO

Metal-I Metal-IIPolymer Acceptor

acceptorpolymerAnode

Light absorption (1)

Light absorption (1)E it f ti (2)

Light absorption (1)

Exciton formation (2)

Exciton diffusion (3)

Exciton formation (2)Exciton diffusion (3)

hhνν

+HOMO HOMO

Exciton diffusion length ≈10 nm

Light absorption (1)Light absorption (1)

Exciton diffusion (3) Charge ti ( f ) (4)

Charge separation (4)

separation (∼ fs) (4)

HOMO HOMO

Exciton diffusion (3)Charge transport (5)

Charge transport (5) LUMO

Charge transport (5)Charge collection (6)

Charge collection (6) LUMO

+ HOMO HOMO

Exciton diffusion (3)Charge transport (5)

Charge transport (5) LUMO

Charge transport (5)Charge collection (6)

Charge collection (6) LUMO

+ HOMO HOMO

Percolation paths

Exciton diffusion (3)

Charge transport (5)

Charge collection (6)‘Ideal’ morphology:- Donor and acceptor

phase separated at scale

+phase separated at scale< exciton diffusion length- ‘Highways’ for charges

t d l t dtowards electrodes

Percolation paths

• Flexible, semi-transparent, lightDesign freedom• Design freedom

• Architecture, textile, mobile apps, …

Konarka, Minolta, …

• Carbon based :

‘artificial photosynthesis’

GrätzelGrätzel--solarsolar cellcell

Artificial photosynthesis

Nanocrystalline TiO2Film : 10-20 μmDeeltjes : 10-30 nm

GrätzelGrätzel--solarsolar cellcell

Hybrid solar cell

HybridHybrid organicorganic::inorganicinorganic BHJBHJHybridHybrid organicorganic::inorganicinorganic BHJBHJMetal oxide (Metal oxide (ZnOZnO) ) nanonano--columnscolumns

P3HTP3HT+ZnOZnO

= 0 75%η= 0,75%

L. Baeten, B. Conings et al., Adv.Mater, Volume: 23 Issue: 25 Pages: 2802 (2011)

NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefuture‘Solar Paint’‘Solar Paint’Solar PaintSolar Paint

“Printable PV”• Screen printing• Spraycoating• Inkjet printing• ……

NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureLow costLow cost –– large arealarge areaLow cost Low cost large arealarge area

•Low cost & large area (outdoor)•Easy preparation low T evaporation & printing

NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureLow costLow cost –– large arealarge areaLow cost Low cost large arealarge area

•Large area printing (screenprinting)EL-displays spin-off LUMOZA

www.lumoza.be

NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications

•Low weight : e.g. mobile applicationsplastic substrates< 1 micron total thickness of device< 1 micron total thickness of device

•Broad application domainWorks also under low leight intensity (e.g. indoor)Less dependent on incidence angleLess dependent on incidence angle

NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications

•New esthetical possibilities & design-freedom

Indoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications

Design-freedom : colour & form

Semi-transparent : integration in glassp g g

NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications

•New esthetical possibilities & design-freedom

Indoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications

Design-freedom : colour & form

Semi-transparent : integration in glassp g g

•New esthetical possibilities & design-freedomFlexible : integration in textile

•New esthetical possibilities & design-freedomFlexible : variety of substrates (plastic, glass, textile, paper, metal,..)

Nano-PV : The road ahead…

PV-challenges :Increase of efficiencyRobust production processIncrease of lifetimeIncrease of lifetime

Neubers/KonarkaNREL

Neubers/Konarka

“Space is energy”p gy

“Space is energy”p gy“Solar Highway”

“Space is energy”p gyEstethical BIPV : “Solar buildings”/ “Solar Cities”

‘Future’ of OPV‘Future’ of OPV

Interdisciplinary domain (joining forces)Interdisciplinary domain (joining forces)

Project : ORGANEXTProject : ORGANEXT

• Euregio Maas-Rhein Cluster of R&D centres and gindustrial partners

• Nano-materials and innovative deposition Nano materials and innovative deposition techniques

Next generation organic opto electronic• Next-generation organic opto-electronicapplications and thin film solar cells (organic electronics)

• Focus on knowledge exchange, technology and markets

Project Partners

Project ORGANEXT (EMR. INT4-1.2.-2009-04/054) Selected in the frame of the

Operational Program INTERREG IV-A Euregio Meuse-Rhine Operational Program INTERREG IV-A Euregio Meuse-Rhine

Project ORGANEXT : www.organext.orgj g gNanomaterials & innovative deposition techniques for novel generation opto-

electronic applications and thin-film solar cells.

J i t d i t lli tJoin us towards an intelligentand sustainable future

www organext bewww.organext.be