Learning Outcomes

5.1.3 Programming Language Approaches

• 5.1.3.1 Define Structured Approach in programming.

• 5.1.3.2 Define object-oriented approach in Programming.

• 5.1.3.3 Differentiate between structured approach and object-oriented approach in programming.

Prepared by: Norhasimah Mohamed, SMK Sungai Pusu, Gombak Selangor. 04042008

STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING

• often uses a top-down design model where developers map out the overall program structure into separate subsections from top to bottom.

• In the top-down design model, programs are drawn as rectangles.

• A top-down design means that the whole program is broken down into smaller sections that are known as modules.

• A program may have a module or several modules.

STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING

• Structured programming is beneficial for organising and coding computer programs which employ a hierarchy of modules. This means that control is passed downwards only through the hierarchy.

• Examples of structured programming languages include Ada, Pascal and Fortran.

OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• The object-oriented approach refers to a special type of programming approach that combines data with functions to create objects.

OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• In an object-oriented program, the object have relationships with one another.

• One of the earliest OOP languages is Smalltalk. Java, Visual Basic and C++ are examples of popular OOP languages.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• Structured programming often uses a top-down design model.

• The object-oriented programming approach uses objects.

QUIZ

“A series of organised instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks.”

• Above statement refers to definition of _______________.Computer program/ Program

QUIZ

“A set of words, symbols and codes that enables humans to communicate with

computers.”

• Above statement refers to definition of ___________________.Programming Language

Generations of programming languages

1st generation : eg:_________________

2nd generation : eg:_________________

3rd generation : eg:_________________

4rd generation : eg:_________________

5th generation : eg:_________________Prolog, Mercury

Assembly Language

COBOL, Pascal, C++

SQL

Machine Language

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• Structured programming

• Object-oriented programming

1. Used top down design model

2. Example : ADA, Pascal, Fotran

1. Used a objects2. special type of programming

approach that combines data with functions to create objects

3. Example : C++, Visual Basic