Laboratory Safety Chp Revised Sept2006

transcript

For use and reproduction by ASCIP members only. EESC 2006

EXECUTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL

SERVICES CORP (EESC)and

ALLIANCE of SCHOOLS for COOPERATIVE

INSURANCE PROGRAMS (ASCIP)

Presents

Laboratory Safety & The Chemical Hygiene

TOPICS• Cal/OSHA Standard 5191• Your District’s Chemical Hygiene Plan• WHAT IS IN AN MSDS?• CHEMICAL CLASSES

– PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES• HEALTH EFFECTS• PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVELS• PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

CAL/OSHA Standard 5191 (1991)

• “Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories.”

• Laboratory use of hazardous chemicals• Chemical Hygiene Plan• Employee Information and Training• Medical consultation and exams• Hazard Identification

Your District’s Chemical Hygiene Plan

• Department Responsibilities:

– Departmental CHP – Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)– Designation of a Chemical Hygiene Officer

Chemical Hygiene Plan

• Basic Laboratory Safety Rules– No eating or drinking in labs– No open toed shoes/sandals/shorts– Wear appropriate PPE– Do not taste or smell chemicals– Close all containers when not in use

• Specific Safety Rules per SOPs

• Labeling (All containers must be labeled)– Either original Manufacturer’s Label

or– Identity & Concentration (100% Acetone)– Warning words (Flammable)– Date prepared– Initials of preparer

• Chemical Procurement– Departmental Written Protocol– Approval Process– Substitute with less hazardous chemicals– Limit purchase amounts– Obtain MSDS– Maintain Chemical Inventory

GOING GREENGREEN CHEMISTRY

• US EPA website www.epa.gov– Creating Your Own School Cleanout– 12 Principles of Green Chemistry

• American Chemical Society– www.chemistry.org– Integrating Green Chemistry into the

Curriculum

• Chemical Storage– Braced shelves or cabinets– Flammable storage cabinets– Acid cabinets– Reactives– Corrosives– Compressed Gas Cylinders– Incompatible Chemicals

WHAT IS IN AN MSDS?

• Name of Manufacturer/Supplier• Date MSDS was last updated• The Chemical Name = Acetone• The Common Name = Acetone• CAS # = 67-64-1

WHAT IS IN AN MSDS?

• Physical and Chemical Properties:–BP, MP, VP, etc.

• Fire, Explosion and Reactivity hazards:

–FP, LEL & UEL

WHAT IS IN AN MSDS?

• Health Hazards for Acetone

• Route of entry: Skin & Inhalation

WHAT IS IN AN MSDS?

• Precautions for Safe Handling• Control Measures:

PPE = Rubber gloves• Emergency and First Aid

Procedures• Carcinogen information: No

CHEMICAL CLASSES

• REACTIVITY• CORROSIVITY

• FLAMMABILITY• TOXICITY

REACTIVITY

• Water Reactive• Air Reactive

• Shock Explosive• Spontaneous Ignition

CORROSIVITY

♦pH < 2 or > 12.5–OR

♦Corrodes Steel at a rate greater than• 6.35 mm/year @55°C (131°F)• 0.250 inches/year• Generates Hydrogen

FLAMMABILITY

Flash Point (FP)• Lowest temp. of a liquid which

produces enough vapor to ignite• Needs ignition source• Determines Hazard Category

Flammability = Ignitability• EPA uses Closed Cup Criteria

FLAMMABILITY

• Class 1A Flammable Liquid– FP < 73F and BP < 100F

• Class 1B Flammable Liquid– FP < 73F and BP ≥ 100F

• Class 1C Flammable Liquid– FP ≥ 73F and < 100F

5538. Office, Educational and Institutional Occupancies

• (a) Storage shall be limited to that required for operation of office equipment, maintenance, demonstration, treatment, and laboratorywork. All liquids in laboratories and at other points of use shall meet the following storage provisions:

• (1) No container for Class I or Class II liquids shall exceed a capacity of one gallon except that safety cans can be of two gallons capacity.

• (2) Not more than 10 gallons of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be stored outside of a storage cabinet or storage room, except in safety cans.

• (3) Not more than 25 gallons of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be stored in safety cans outside of a storage room or storage cabinet.

• (4) Not more than 60 gallons of combustible liquids shall be stored outside of a storage room or storage cabinet.

• (5) Quantities of flammable and combustible liquids in excess of those set forth in this section shall be stored in an inside storage room or storage cabinet. (Title 24, T8-5538)

FLAMMABILITY

• Class II Combustible Liquid– FP ≥ 100F and < 140F

• Class IIIA Combustible Liquid– FP ≥ 140F and < 200F

• Class IIIB Combustible Liquid– FP ≥ 200F

FLAMMABILITY

•Upper Flammability Limit (UFL)•Lower Flammability Limit (LFL)•Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)•Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

% by volume at room temp

FLAMMABILITY

LEL UEL Rangep-Xylene 1.1 7.0 5.9Propane 2.1 9.5 7.4MeCl2 13 23 10Acetylene 2.5 100 97.5

Vapor Pressure (VP)

• Measures relative volatility• VP increases with increasing temp• Don’t store high VP chemicals in

Direct sunlight!

Vapor Pressure (VP)

Examples:• Propane 8.4 atm (Gas)• MeCl2 350 mm Hg• Benzene 75 mm Hg• Water 17.5 mm Hg• Perc. 14 mm Hg• PCBs 0.001 mm Hg• Asbestos 0

TOXICITY

The ability to cause harm.

TOXICITY

• Toxicity depends on:– Route of exposure– Dose– Duration– Reaction to multiple chemicals– Sensitivity

TOXICITY

• Route of exposure– Inhalation–Skin contact–Eye contact– Ingestion

TOXICITY

• Dose Response Curve– LD50 and LC50– mg/kg and ppm or mg/m3– NOEL = No Observable Effect Level

• LD50 < 2,500 mg/kg = Hazardous Waste

• Acetone Oral, rat: LD50 = 5,800 mg/kg; • Benzene Oral-MAN LD 50 = 50 mg/ kg • Arsenic Oral -RAT LD50 = 763 mg kg

TOXICITY

• Duration– Acute = Short Term

• Accidental splash– Chronic = Long Term

• Coal Miner

TOXICITY

• Reaction to multiple chemicals– What is the target organ?– Additive effect

• Toluene + Gasoline– Synergistic

• Asbestos + Smoking

TOXICITY

• Sensitivity– Allergies– Sensitizers

• Acrylates, Flour dust, Formaldehyde, Gluteraldehyde, Turpentine, TDI

– Age– Health– Genetics

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

• Irritants - Dusts, Acid mists, Solvents– Target Organs

• Eyes - Red, itchy, tears• Skin - Dermatitis, rash, defatting• Respiratory System - coughing

– Example: Acetone• Irritating to Eyes, Nose & Throat

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

• Target Organs– Lungs - Silica & Asbestos– Liver = Hepatotoxins

• Carbon Tetrachloride, Nitrosamines– Kidney = Nephrotoxins

• Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Uranium

• Target Organs – Neurotoxins = Nervous system

• Mercury, Carbon disulfide, – Hematopoietic = blood system

• Carbon monoxide, Cyanides– Reproductive Toxins

• Lead, Alcohol

CANCERState of California Prop. 65 List - Several

hundred chemicals in 4 categories• Carcinogens• Developmental Toxicity• Female Reproductive Toxicity• Male Reproductive Toxicity• Government buildings are exempted from

posting warning signs

Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL)

• California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal/OSHA) – 8 hour time-weighted average– 40-hour workweek– “nearly all workers”– daily exposure– “without adverse effect”

Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL)

• Definitions– PEL TLV & TWA – STEL– Ceiling Limit– Odor Threshold– REL– IDLH

ACETONE

Cal/OSHA PEL 750 ppmFederal TWA 1000 ppmNIOSH REL 250 ppmCal/OSHA STEL 1000 ppmCal/OSHA Ceiling 3000 ppmNIOSH IDLH 2500 ppm (10% LEL)ACGIH TWA 500 ppm

BENZENE

Cal/OSHA PEL 1 ppmFederal TWA 1 ppmNIOSH REL 0.1 ppmCal/OSHA STEL 5 ppmNIOSH STEL 1 ppmNIOSH IDLH 500 ppmACGIH TWA 0.5 ppm

Hazard Recognition

• Odor Threshold– Acetone 4.58 ppm– Benzene 8.65 ppm– Acetic Acid 0.016 ppm– Hydrogen Sulfide 0.0005 ppm– Carbon Disulfide 0.096 ppm

• olfactory fatigue– Carbon Monoxide 100,000 ppm

Hazard Recognition

• Health Effects of Overexposure to Acetone– Headache, Coughing– Dizziness or Dullness– Irritation of skin, eyes, throat or lungs– Skin Exposure through damaged PPE can

cause defatting action and dermatitis• Wash thoroughly & seek medical help

– Use of Alcohol enhances toxic effects

Hazard Recognition

• Detector Tubes - Drager tubes• Passive Air Monitoring - 3M OVM• Active Air Monitoring - Charcoal Tubes• Direct Reading Instruments

– GC/FID or PID– Confined Space 4 gas analyzer

• O2, CO2, CO, H2S

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT (PPE)

• LABORATORY WORK PPE– Labcoat– Gloves– Shoes (no sandals)– Long-sleeved pants (no shorts)– Goggles (splashing hazards)– Aprons (nitric acid)

GLOVES

• Choose your gloves wisely– Latex - minimal protection– Rubber– Nitrile– Leather - tools only– Suggested gloves should be confirmed

with the vendor and for additional information and use limitations.

SULFURIC ACID

NIOSH RECOMMENDATIONS• 8 hr: Butyl, PE, Teflon, Saranex,

PE/EVAL, Barricade, CPF3, Responder, Trellchem, Tychem

• 4 hr: Viton

ACETONE

• 8 hr: Butyl, PE/EVAL, Barricade, CPF3, Responder, Trellchem, Tychem

Lab Safety Equipment

• Fume Hoods tested annually• Carts & Rubber cradles/carboys• Eyewash station tested monthly• Deluge shower tested monthly• Fire blanket• Fire Extinguishers tested annually• Gas Cylinder racks

First Aid Measures

• #1 - Remove to Fresh Air• Get medical aid if necessary• Do not induce vomiting• Flush eyes or skin for at least 15

minutes• Thoroughly clean clothes and shoes• Seek follow-up medical attention

First Aid Kit

• Contents must be approved by the District’s “Consulting Physician”

• List of contents is recommended by – ANSI– Fed OSHA 1910.266 Appendix A

Reporting Accidents

• Someone is burned with acid and hospitalized – Notify CAL/OSHA within 8 hours– Complete accident report– Accident investigation and follow-up

– What went wrong and how can it be prevented in the future?

Housekeeping

• Fume hoods are not used for storage• Clean counters at the end of each day• Clean small spills immediately• No drinking bottles, cups or food in the

laboratories

Housekeeping

• Do not block access to electrical panels• Do not block access to exit doors or

aisles• Keep access to safety showers and

eyewashes free of obstruction

Spills and Waste Disposal

• Confine small spills• Follow SOP or MSDS for cleanup and

disposal• Evacuate area for medium to large spills• Follow emergency notification

procedure• Dispose of waste in labeled containers

Laboratory Waste Treatment

• AB966 Benchtop treatment options– Must use procedures from Prudent Practices

or peer-reviewed journals– Less than 5 gallons from a single experiment– Treated at the point of generation and within

10 days of generation– Person performing treatment has knowledge

and training about the waste (Retain training records for 3 years)

Laboratory Safety Chp Revised Sept2006

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