Post on 18-Jan-2016
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Laboratory SafetyMiss Sabia
Lab Safety Rules
0See handout from yesterday0Check out this rap
UNIT 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGSMiss Sabia
8A-Living Environment Regents
What is Biology?
0Biology is the science that seeks to understand the living world.
How can we define “life”?
Characteristics of Living Things
0Made up of units called cells0Can reproduce
0Are based upon a universal genetic code0Can grow and develop
0Obtain and use nutrients and energy0Respond to their environment
0Maintain a stable internal environment0Change over time (as a group)
Made of Cells
0Cell: collection of matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings0Unicellular: made of one cell0Multicellular: made of more than one cell
Reproduction
0Produce new organisms0Sexual reproduction: cells from 2
different parents unite to form offspring (meiosis)0Asexual reproduction: offspring has as
single parent (mitosis)
Universal Genetic Code
0Asexual reproduction—offspring and parent have same traits
0Sexual reproduction—offspring differ from parents in some ways
0Genetic code=DNA0All living organisms follow this code0Determines your inherited traits
Growth and Development
0Can lead to an increase in size, a change in form, or an increase in #
Obtain Nutrients and Energy
0Metabolism: (sum of an organism’s life processes)0 The combination of chemical reactions through which
an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
0Autotrophs: obtain energy directly from sunlight0 photosynthesis
0Heterotrophs: obtain energy by consuming other organisms 0 respiration
Respond to Environment
0Detect and respond to stimuli from their environment0Stimuli: a signal to which an organism responds
0 i.e. switching classes when the bell rings,0 pulling hand off a hot stove,0 asking for a mint when you hear a computer restart
0Stimuli may be internal or external0 Internal—regulating blood sugar0 External—seeds germinating when soil is moist
Maintain a stable internal environment
0Homeostasis: process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment
0Usually involves feedback mechanisms0 Such as the blood sugar example0 sweating0 Think of a thermostat
Maintain a stable internal environment
0This is the Regulation in RRREGENTS0Body systems included:
0 Endocrine system—hormones0 Nervous system—uses nerve cells
Concept Map
0Work in groups to connect the words into a web that all stems from “Biology”
Quick Lab0Materials: hand lens, unknown objects (dry), same objects
soaked in water0Procedure: 01. Examine the dry unknown object in jar A. Record your
observations.02. Predict what you expect to see when the same object is
soaked in water03. Examine the object that has been soaking in water for a
period of time in jar C. Record your observations. Wash your hands.
0Conclusion: Which of these objects were alive?
15 minutes
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Viruses, Bacteria, Prions, Ribosomes, and Cells
0Read the brief passage about each of these, and characterize each as living or non-living.
(15-20 minutes)