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Laura Lee, Architect, FAIA, Hon FRAIA _ Professor of Architecture18 October 2014 _ Make a Plan _ African Innovation > Global Transformation Design Policy Conference _ World Design Capital _ Cape Town, South Africa
Beyond PolicyLeading by Design
Premier HELEN ZILLE
GISELLE RAULIK MURPHY
HESTER DU PLESSIS
CRAIG KESSON
SRINI R. SRINIVASAN
ERIKA ELK
GABRIEL SCHELIGA
PRADYUMA VYAS
MICHAEL THOMSON
EZIO MANZINI
LOU YONGQI
LUDO CAMPBELL-REID
TASOS CALANTZIS
IAN GOURLEY
ALAYNE REESBERG
MUGENDI M’RITHAAJOHAN SCHEPER
DALE DUTTON
EDGAR PIETERSE
RICHIE MAOLOSIRICARDO MEJIA
ALPAY ERMONICA NEWTON
LORRAINE AMBOLE
GABRIEL MOTHIBEDI
RALITSA DIANA DEBRAH
ANABELLA RONDINA
NKENSANI NKOSI
ULRICH MEYER-HOLLINGS
“As in all things, what is needed here is leadership — and there are only ever two ingredients in that: imagination and courage. Because it is imagination that sketches the broader perspective, providing patterns and frameworks to encompass myriad elements that would otherwise remain unwoven...”
INDUSTRY + PRACTICE
EDUCATION + RESEARCH
PEOPLE
PLACE
PROSPERITY
PLANNING
DESIGN
DEVELOPMENTGOVERNMENT + NG0’S
BUILDING
THE
FUTURE
BUILDING THE FUTURE10
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
South Australia is known as ‘the world’s finest
blend’ with a distinguished multicultural society.
Using the metaphor of a tapestry, South Australia’s
threads of culture are woven as stories to express a
diverse yet cohesive fabric. The power of the
tapestry to create harmony arises from its unique
capacity to unite its dif ferent parts so that each
preserves its own identity and yet blends into the
pattern of a single whole.
Capturing the constellation of SA’s creative and
innovative strengths, an Integrated Design Strategy
will build the future of South Australia as both a
State of the Arts and a State of Being.
BUILDING THE FUTURE16
DEFINITIONS
Throughout this report you will encounter specific words with specific meanings or a meaning that may differ from a more conventional use. To assist your understanding of key concepts the following definitions are offered:
INTELLIGENCE INCENTIVE INVESTMENT
PEOPLE PLACE PROSPERITY
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DESIGN DESIGN PLANNING DEVELOPMENT
CURRENT PARADIGM INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCIAL
EC
ON
OM
IC
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L
SO
CIA
L
PARTNERSHIPS FOR PUBLIC GOOD AND PUBLIC SPACE
CREATIVITY INNOVATION BUILDING COMMUNITY EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY
Design is multi-faceted, multi-layered and conveys
many meanings. Importantly, it is both a verb and a
noun, referring to a process and to a product, to an
activity and to the result of that activity. Design is
simultaneously a problem seeking and problem
solving activity, a means to achieve desired goals
not only the goal in itself. It is a creative process
referring to every course of action aimed at changing
existing situations into preferred ones, driving
innovation to deliver value.
Integrated Design is about collaboration,
consultation and communication across broad
stakeholders and, early in the design process,
acknowledges challenges and perceived restrictions.
It enables the integration of research into all aspects
of industry and professional practice with an
emphasis on processes for achieving outcomes as
well as the outcomes themselves. Based on a
human-centred approach, integrated design fosters
coordinated, long term decision making leading to
improved quality of life outcomes.
Integrated Design Practice reflects a holistic
approach, through which multiple disciplines and
aspects of design including architecture,
engineering, interior design, landscape architecture
and urban design (to name a few) are considered
together in the planning of a new environment or
renovation. It assists the client with any facility-
related or service-delivery need providing a total
approach to a project ’s life cycle to achieve a cost
effective, resource efficient, and performance-based
result that enhances the experience of the users.
Planning, in general, refers to the organisational
process of creating a plan and/or strategy to realise
certain goals in time and space. It is a process with
long range, intermediate and short-term perspectives
for accomplishing a certain purpose with realistic
expectations. As a discipline, planning proposes
physical, social and strategic solutions often related
to public policy.
Development refers to the totality of actions and
measurements needed to improve the socio–
economical situation of a region, city, town, or
neighborhood. It covers a broad spectrum of
aspects, from ecology, heritage, land management,
transport systems and real estate to aspects of
education, public health and safety.
INTELLIGENT INVESTMENT
BUILDING THE FUTURE12
GLOBAL AND NATIONAL
CHALLENGES
•Connectivity and mobility
•Community health, safety, well-being
•Economic growth and change
•Environment and biodiversity
•Food
•Poverty
•Social equity, inclusion, opportunity
•Sustainable development
•Urbanisation
NATIONAL AND SOUTH AUSTRALIA
CHALLENGES
•Climate change adaption, mitigation
•Emissions reduction
•Energy (efficiency)
•Housing affordability and diversity
•Infrastructure and transportation
•Population growth, demographic change
•Resource depletion
•Waste and recycling
•Water (supply)
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
CHALLENGES
•Ageing population
•Attracting and engaging youth
•Car dependency
•Communication and media
•Ecological footprint
•Identity / confidence
•Isolation / location
•State, city, local disconnect
•Urban sprawl
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
My reflections are founded on optimism for our human
capacity to change, a belief in the human spirit, a
passion for the value of design thinking. And above
all, for the collective wisdom we can develop as a
society in the face of substantial and seemingly
insurmountable challenges of our time.
en Maher, Architect and Chairman, Hassell, 2009 AIA Gold Medal Speech
CHALLENGE — CHOICE — CHANGE
The seemingly insurmountable challenges of our time can be overcome through an Integrated Design Strategy based on principles and processes that harness our collective wisdom toward the greatest good for the greatest number. Design processes and design thinking have proven, beyond other approaches, to manage increasing complexity and address our future condition. While design influences every aspect of our lives, we take it for granted until it fails. Design is fundamental to our survival but its value lies in its potential to improve the quality of life by an order of magnitude not possible with conventional methods.
As a choice, integrated design promotes holistic approaches and acknowledges that we need to think, and act, strategically for the long term. We need to inform decision making with research, education and collaborative practices embedded in a flexible and interactive structure that promotes innovative new policies and actions for a prosperous and sustainable future for South Australia.
South Australia’s future must be based on an Integrated Design Strategy as the key engine for change, creating added value.
THE
RESIDENCY
The Adelaide Thinkers in Residence program is a
radical social innovation. The first of its kind in
the world, born in South Australia, it has delivered
massive results over its seven year life.
It uses three simple levers. The first is the Thinker,
a world leader, an exemplar in their field who comes
to live and work in Adelaide, to really inhabit our
lives and our spaces. The second is the relevance of
the issue of the residency. What challenges are we
facing? Where are the opportunities? The third is
the group of partner investors from the public and
private sector who lead the major recommendations
and conclusions into action.
The program sets out to generate new thinking, provoke
change, ignite action and achieve lasting, tangible
results for South Australia. In particular, it sets
out to ensure South Australia thrives by promoting
positive change in the systems of organisation across
our society. If South Australia is to thrive as a
contemporary place of work and life, and if Adelaide
is to become a vibrant, attractive city, we need to
become adept at working collaboratively to get smart
answers to hard problems.Gabrielle Kelly, Director, Adelaide Thinkers in Residence, 14 October 2009
THE RESIDENCY30
FRAMEWORK: SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S STRATEGIC PLAN
South Australia’s Strategic Plan (SASP) was adopted as the framework for the residency mission, and offered a robust structure for advancing an Integrated Design Strategy. Three SASP objectives were translated through the residency objectives:
VALUE OF DESIGN Growing Prosperity = Economic = Prosperity
IMPACT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT Attaining Sustainability = Environmental = Place
QUALITY OF LIFE Improving Well-being = Social = People
Unique emphasis was given to the relationship between the SASP targets and the potential for integrated design to impact each and all targets. The residency objectives placed greatest emphasis on three — creativity and innovation, building communities and expanding opportunity — as areas related to integrated deisgn and the built environment. These targets most naturally considered economic, environmental and social considerations simultaneously.
SASP served as the reference for the residency theme and objective in so far as it guides tens of thousands of public servants, the state and elected officials in their actions, policies and programs. However, using an integrated design approach, SASP was translated into a series of dynamic relationships concerned with quality of life. Deeper meanings and reconception of all terms — especially community, creativity and innovation — offered opportunities to view SASP as a living breathing model of possibilties.
THE RESIDENCY 33
CREATIVITYINNOVATION
VALUE OF DESIGN
QUALITY OF LIFE
IMPACT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT
GROWING PROSPERITY
IMPROVINGWELL-BEING
ATTAINING SUSTAINABILITY
EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY
BUILDING COMMUNITIES
FOUNDATION: RECALLING ALL THINKERS
The residency valued the content and collective wisdom of 15 previous and three concurrent Thinkers in Residence. Thinkers’ recommendations were mapped onto the residency objectives and South Australia’s Strategic Plan.
The study of findings and recommendations of Thinkers represents an integrated design thinking approach — to build a knowledge base from global expertise applied to local problems. In developing an understanding of cultural dimensions in SA, patterns of findings were evident across reports. Such discoveries provided a comparative starting point for discussion.
In particular, the following thinkers’ reports were consulted and highly valued for the related content of their residencies to design thinking and the built environment.
Professor Peter Cullen Water and Sustainable Landscapes Professor Andrew Fearne Sustainable Food and Wine Value Chains Herbert Girardet Sustainable Adelaide Fred Hansen Urban Places: Growing Communities Through Transport Professor Ilona Kickbusch Health Societies: Addressing 21st Century Health Challenges Charles Landry Rethinking Adelaide: Capturing Imagination Dr Geoff Mulgan Innovation in 360 Degrees: Promoting Social Innovation in SAProfessor Stephen Schneider Climate Change: Risks and Opportunities
THE RESIDENCY32
BRAINWAVES — SCIENCE, SOCIETY AND THE FUTURE
Susan Greenfield2005
EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
Fraser Mustard2006-07
SOCIAL INNOVATION: MEETING UNMET NEEDS
Geoff Mulgan2006-07
QUALITY OF LIFEIMPROVING WELL- BEING
IMPACT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT ATTAINING SUSTAINABILITY
CLIMATE CHANGE: RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Stephen Schneider2006
MAKING ADELAIDE A GREEN CITY
Herbert Girardet2003
WATER AND SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES
Peter Cullen2004
SMART JUSTICE: A 21st CENTURY APPROACH TO JUSTICE & PUBLIC SAFETY
Peggy Hora2009-10
HEALTHY SOCIETIES: ADDRESSING 21st CENTURY HEALTH CHALLENGES Ilona Kickbusch2007
RETHINKING ADELAIDE: CAPTURING IMAGINATION
Charles Landry2003
AN INTEGRATED DESIGN STRATEGY FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIA:BUILDINGTHE FUTURELaura Lee2009-10
EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY
CREATIVITY & INNOVATION
BUILDING COMMUNITIES
URBAN PLACES: GROWING COMMUNITIES THROUGH TRANSPORT
Fred Hansen2009 -10
DEVELOPING A BIOECONOMY IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Maire Smith2003-04
FAMILY BUSINESS: GENERATIONS OF SUCCESS
Dennis Jaffe2007
FOOD AND WINE VALUE CHAINS: PROSPERITY THROUGH COLLABORATION
Andrew Fearne2008
VALUE OF DESIGNGROWING PROSPERITY
THE NEW MEDIACHALLENGE
Blast Theory2003-04
SA CONNECTS: THE MANY FUTURES OF OUR DIGITAL LIVES
Genevieve Bell2008-09
DOCUMENTARY IN THE DIGITAL MEDIA AGE
Peter Wintonick2002
HOUSING HOMELESS PEOPLE
Rosanne Haggerty2005-06
Residencies point to the need for better quality,
big picture collaborative thinking — with the future
in mind. This residency not only focused on physical
infrastructure, bridges, buildings, streets, etc.
Rather, it focused upon the intellectual infrastructure,
the quality of our thinking, and the methods we can
develop to collaborate more intelligently as we deal
with our complex, interconnected lives and make vital
decisions about environment, health, employment, trans-
port, higher density living, wealth generation, green
space, beauty and liveability in our much loved state.
Nowhere has the building of the mind of this resi-
dency been more apparent than in the collaborative
work of the partnership. They committed many hours of
workshops and partner meetings which became a working
example of an integrated design team. Their passion is
an unstoppable force.Gabrielle Kelly, Director, Adelaide Thinkers in Residence, 14 October 2009
THE RESIDENCY34
OBJECTIVES
An Integrated Design Strategy for South Australia: Building the Future focused on the value of design and the impact of the built environment on the quality of life for South Australians.
The residency simulated an integrated design process and practices through collaborative weekly workshops, involving 15 residency partners and invited key stakeholders. The diversity and active engagement of individuals and their respective partner organisations provided ideal conditions for analysing cultural conditions, evaluating current processes and systems of government and practice, and providing direction for the recommendations.
OBJECTIVES
•to increase awareness and understanding of design as integral to a sustainable future for South Australia, identifying South Australia’s current and potential strengths and key design ‘influencers’
•to analyse the knowledge gaps (demand) and the educational providers (supply) to determine new leverage points where design education, practice and research can enable transformational change
•to assist in the development of an Integrated Design Strategy for South Australia leading to new decision-making processes and new models of trans-disciplinary collaboration
•to establish networks through international relationships to expand business opportunities in South Australia
•to initiate innovative projects and provide advice about state-of-the-art and visionary approaches to the built environment that will position South Australia as a national and international leader in integrated and sustainable design
THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
The scope of the built environment includes the disciplines and domains of:
•architecture, landscape architecture, interior architecture / design
•community development, urban design, urban planning
•heritage conservation / preservation / restoration, adaptive re-use
•regional planning and development, rural and suburban communities
•industrial design / product design
•communication design / graphic design / interaction design
•exhibition and experience design / way finding / public art
The elements of the built environment in a range of diminishing scales include:
•regions
•landscapes / ecologies
•cities / towns
•communities / neighbourhoods
•precincts
•corridors / streetscapes
•buildings / infrastructure / public space
•interiors
•products
THE RESIDENCY 31
PROCESSES
The very mechanism of the Thinkers in Residence
Program is an integrated design demonstration.
It is a forum where key players are at one table.
It is a forum without predetermined deliverables
and without outcome related budget or program
restrictions. It provides a very rare opportunity
for cross government and private sector interaction. Mario Dreosti, Australian Institute of Architects, Residency Partner; Principal, Falconer Brown Architects, AIA Place, December 2009
WORKSHOP PROCESS
Collaborative workshops, involving the 15 partners and invited guests, were conducted weekly throughout the residency. Scenarios were structured around creating better briefs (program), defining comprehensive decision making (process) and developing performance based outcomes (product).
APPROACH
Residency partners were asked to adopt ‘design thinking as a process of enlightened experimentation wherein one observes the world, identifies patterns of behaviour, generates ideas, gets feedback, repeats the process, and keeps on refining’. (Niti Bhan)
DESIGN TOOLS
Using the software ‘mind map’ each workshop encouraged participation by all partners to openly express opinions and spontaneously contribute thoughts. The power of this tool lies in the creation of a ‘risk free’ environment for participants, encouraging critical thinking and reflection. The ability to see ideas taking shape in real time is an engagement strategy that values each and every person’s perspective while encouraging the healthy debate so needed in South Australia. The dynamic of the medium offers the time and means to relate and prioritise issues, and most importantly, to constantly change and refine. The instant visualisation of ideas generated by the collective contributes to a sense of ownership as well as motivation and responsibility for follow through.
A: Forum at Seppeltsfield Winery
B: Partner workshop in torrens building
C: Workshop at Adelaide Botanic Gardens
D: Housing SA charrette at Onkaparinga
THE RESIDENCY 37
METHOD
The Adelaide Thinkers in Residence program, as a demonstration of integrated design, offered an operational space and program conducive to collaboration and the exchange of knowledge locally and globally.
Extensive consultation and stakeholder engagement with government, industry, academic institutions, professional associations, design professionals and the public complemented the core work for and with the residency partners.
In the three separate months of the residency period, the first month was dedicated to an awareness of context, culture and the value of design. The second month examined nine scenarios (as case studies) to understand the impact of the built environment through an evaluation of current ways of working in the state. The final month synthesised issues to collectively agree upon applicable and effective recommendations.
THE RESIDENCY 35
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Mads Gaardboe
Professor and Head of
School of Architecture and Design
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY
Tim Zak
Executive Director and Co-Director
Institute for Social Innovation
H. John Heinz III College
FLINDERS UNIVERSITY
Dr Andrew Beer
Professor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor
School of Geography, Population
and Environmental Management
DEPARTMENT OF FURTHER EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Dr Deborah Keighley-James
Principal Policy Adviser,
Science and Innovation
HEALTH SA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Dr David Panter
Executive Director, Statewide
Service Strategy
Damien Walker
Director, Major Projects
ADELAIDE CITY COUNCIL
Jason Pruszinski
Manager, City Design
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AUSTRALIA BAROSSA INC
Anne Moroney
Chief Executive OfficerLAND MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
Phil Donaldson
Senior Manager, Sustainability
Policy & Programs
AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS
Richard Hosking
Chapter Manager
Mario Dreosti
Vice President, SA Chapter
Prinicpal, Brown Falconer Group
DEPARTMENT FOR TRANSPORT, ENERGY & INFRASTRUCTURE
Peter Swift
Director, Project Services
HOUSING SA DEPARTMENT FOR FAMILIES & COMMUNITIES
Robyn Evans
Manager, Strategic Projects,
Affordable Housing Innovations Unit
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Lois Boswell
Director, Sustainability
Melissa Bailey
Health in all Planning Officer
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND CHILDRENS SERVICE
Kathyn Jordan
Manager, Children’s Centre Project
Nadia Carruozzo
Senior Project Officer,
Education Works
Loris Glass
Manager, Neuroscience and
Learning Partnerships
DEPARTMENT OF THE PREMIER & CABINET
Greg Mackie OAM
Deputy Chief Executive, Cultural
Development
Tim O’Loughlin
Deputy Chief Executive, Sustainability
and Workforce Development
ARTS SA DEPARTMENT OF THE PREMIER & CABINET
Eva Les
Director, Thinking Adelaide
Jennifer Layther
Manager, Public Art and Design
ADELAIDE THINKERS IN RESIDENCE
Gabrielle Kelly
Director
Emily Glass
Senior Project Manager
Samantha Haedrich
Designer
Stevie Summers
Project Catalyst
Louise Wormald
Project Catalyst
DESIGN
EXPLAINED
DESIGN EXPLAINED20
Design is a means by which we bring the world into
culture. As a discipline, design is concerned with
identity, quality and value as an expression and
evolution of society. In a contemporary world
needing human encounters, design enables us to
translate human values into the spirit of place and
time. Founded on humanistic tradition, architecture,
in particular, honours the principles of democracy
and equity.
Through a conscious consideration of cultural
conditions, design aims to address all factors in a
given situation to achieve desired outcomes. Design
provides a balanced, inclusive and structured way of
approaching the development of innovative products
and human environments for the present and for the
future. To achieve success, design must reconcile
human and technical requirements for economic,
environmental and social viability.
As a consequence, good design leads to better
business. A designed response to a problem has a
much higher probability of success mainly because
solutions are derived from the consumer or end-user
needs. Enterprises using design thinking and / or
design professionals in the development of the their
environments, products and services are more
competitive and productive, and they are more likely
to attract and retain talent.
SCIENCE
OBSERVATIONFacts
ONE HYPOTHESISExplanatory model
TESTINGTrue or falseVerificationObjectiveRepetitiveUniversalCause–effect
REALITY EXPLAINED
ART
OBSERVATIONFactsVisions Beliefs
INDIVIDUAL HYPOTHESISExpressing model
TESTING IndividualSynergeticQuestioningConfrontingVisionaryCommunicative
REALITY QUESTIONED
EXISTING WORLD
FUTURE WORLD
DESIGN
OBSERVATIONFactsVisions BeliefsReflectionsInterpretations
MULTIPLE HYPOTHESESExploring models
TESTING Most desirableVerification and applicationSubjectiveUnique and not repeatableContextualCoincidental
REALITY CHANGED
DESIGN EXPLAINED22
DESIGN THINKING
PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM SEEKING
INTEGRATED PRACTICEINTEGRATED DESIGNFlow of information and knowledge
Flow of money and timeFlow of relationships and responsibilities
Visualise issues from multiple perspectivesIteratively test boundaries of limits and parameters
Collaboratively define metrics of success
Open-ended inquiry revealing new directionsSynthesising issues to define questions
Practice hypothesis-based testing Research must be applied with purpose
Clearly a case can be made for the value of design in all aspects of society. Businesses and business schools have adopted design processes as a matter of innovation. Engineering schools have recognised the power of ‘studio education’ as a collaborative and complex problem-solving environment for learning. Non-government organisations, intent on solving the world’s most pressing issues, now rely on the unique approaches offered by design teams. Within the design domain, service design is one of the fastest rising higher education degrees. Governments, and the South Australian Government, are well justified in recognising the certainty of a massive return on investment in design knowledge, practices and processes.
DESIGN AS AN AGENT OF CHANGE
Daniel Pink in A Whole New Mind (2005) identifies a clear movement ‘from an economy and a society built on the logical, linear, computer-like capabilities of the Information Age to an economy and a society built on the inventive, empathic, big picture capabilities of what’s rising in its place, the Conceptual Age’. Applying creative processes, advancing the built environment through research and stimulating design thinking is essential for providing a decision-making framework that ensures a sustainable future.
Integrated design thinking requires problem-seeking and problem-solving abilities in response to diverse, speculative and highly detailed information. Integrative thinking evolves from holistic, organic and synergistic models of practice.
Design as an agent of change is based on critical thinking and collaboration. Designers foster sensitivity to the diversity of people’s ideas, beliefs and values. Design activity has the ability to heighten multi-cultural awareness and makes us better able to: freely explore ideas and envision ourselves as multidisciplinary thinkers and designers; express ideas clearly in a variety of media and circumstances; develop, attract and ultimately affect diverse audiences; and explore various cultural, professional and personal contexts as they relate to society.
The key to economic growth lies not just in the ability to activate and attract the creative class, as Richard Florida (2002) argues, but to translate this underlying advantage into creative economic outcomes in the form of new ideas, new high-tech businesses and regional growth. This new class includes scientists and engineers, university professors, poets and novelists, artists, entertainers, actors, designers and architects, as well as the ‘thought leadership’ of modern society: nonfiction writers, editors, cultural figures, think-tank researchers, analysts and other opinion-makers.
DESIGN DEFINED
We shape our buildings, and afterward
our buildings shape us.
Winston Churchill, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, October 1943
THE NATURE OF DESIGN
Design is multifaceted, is multi-layered and conveys many meanings. It is both a verb and a noun, referring to process and to product, to an activity and to the result of that activity. It is a creative process driving innovation to deliver value. Herbert Simon (1996) in his remarkable book The Sciences of the Artificial declares the true essence of design: ‘Design is concerned with how things ought to be, with devising artifacts to attain goals. It refers to every course of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones and conceiving artifacts to enable such changes’. Design is a means to achieve desired goals and not the goal in itself. Design is a unique human activity that inherently connects and relates individual elements, actions and activities — adding value to a whole which is greater than the sum of its parts. With design knowledge as the most valued ‘commodity’ of our age, our actions demand the interplay between the arts, humanities and science, and between education, practice and research.
Design is simultaneously a problem-seeking and problem-solving activity. Foqué (2010) defines design as a ‘per se innovative, heuristic and experimental process, driven by empathy and focused on problem defining and problem solving. It essentially deals with problems with stakeholders and fuzzy boundaries, and where the solution is found between disciplines’. As such, designers bring a broad, multi-disciplinary spectrum of ideas from which to draw inspiration. Design relies on the methodologies of both art and science, but unites them into a unique approach driven by lateral thinking. It frames decision-making into a long-term, future- oriented context. With an essentially human-centred focus, design aims to improve quality of life.
DESIGN EXPLAINED 23
EDUCATIONCase–based
RESEARCHEvidence–based
PRACTICEPerformance–based
ANTHROPOLOGICALCULTURALECOLOGICALECONOMICALENVIRONMENTALETHICALENTOMOLOGICALEXPERIENTIALFINANCIALHISTORICALLEGALPHENOMENOLOGICALPHILOSOPHICALPHYSICALPOLITICALPSYCHOLOGICALSOCIOLOGICALTECHNICAL
Tools
AnimationsimulationVisualisation
Processes
IntuitiveInterpretiveIterative
Knowledgecase–based
evidence–basedPerformance–based
Modes 0f ThInKIng
criticaldialecticlateral
reAlMs
experiential spatial Temporal
chArAcTerIsTIcs
strategic synergistic systemic
wAys of worKIng
collaborative creative Integrative
goVernMenTAl
drives creativity and Innovationfosters collaboration and communication
Influences effective Policies
enVIronMenTAl
creates liveable and safe communitiescontrols carbon emissions, eliminates waste
leverages resources effectively
econoMIc
elevates levels of efficiencygenerates Prosperity, Integrates ProcessesIncreases Productivity
socIo-cUlTUrAl
enhances cultural Identity, expands opportunitiesImproves Quality of life, Provides securityPromotes diversity. equity, Inclusion
DESIGN EXPERTISE
impact
research +resOUrces
collaborators + staKEHolDErs
ASPIRATIONS +chAlleNgeS
VAlUesempathetic
ethicalhuman-centred
FUTURE IMPACT
DESIGN EXPLAINED26
LATERAL THINKING
CYCLICAL APPROACH
REFLECTIVE PRACTICE
INTEGRATED DESIGN
DESIGN CULTURAL SHIFT
ATTITUDES AND ROLES
from fear of change, fear of failure —————————— to hope and opportunities for the futurefrom individual control and power —————————— to collaborative influence for public goodfrom accountability for quantity ——————————— to responsibility for qualityfrom supporting and sustaining ——————————— to empowering and innovatingfrom exclusive, tactical and reactionary ——————— to inclusive, strategic and visionary
AGREEMENTS AND MEASURES
from first cost-based decisions ———————————— to long-term life-cycle value from market-driven supply (push) —————————— to human-centred needs (pull) from box ticking / check-list reporting ————————— to four-dimensional parametric modelling and simulationfrom isolated, short-term arrangements ——————— to consultative non-partisan decisions transcending electoral cyclesfrom averted, mitigated, transferred risk ——————— to collectively managed agreements, appropriately shared and rewarded
APPROACHES AND PROCESSES
from homogeneous hierarchical structures —————— to diverse, lateral thinking modelsfrom linear, distinct methods ———————————— to cyclical, iterative processesfrom demand-based product-focused ————————— to knowledge-based process-focusedfrom communication in words ———————————— to expression in multi-media through demonstrationfrom destination with milestones ———————————to journey through concurrent and overlapping spaces
THE
CONTEXT
OF
SOUTH
AUSTRALIA
THE CONTEXT OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA 45
SA DISTINCTIONS: THE SPIRIT OF PLACE
•Natural heritage and landscape diversity
•Environmental sustainability
•Agriculture, food and wine
•Early childhood development
•Social innovation
•Primary health care
•Festivals and events
•Defence and mining industries
•Liveability
Through an exhaustive and extensive consultation process, the residency aimed to identify the unique assets and distinctions of South Australia. The nine listed above clearly emerged.
Without exception, the most vital aspect in realising a successful Integrated Design Strategy and ensuring a sustainable future derives from a complete understanding of the immediate local context — cultural, physical and temporal. The existing ecology of a place must be fully examined historically, contemporaneously and predictively to render solutions that honour the authenticity of any environment. Finding and advancing the spirit of place leads to more meaningful and memorable experiences, a sense of belonging and identity.
Each of the following arrays of images for each distinction deliberately represents a diversity of scales and covers environmental, economic and social dimensions of place. Decision making for the built environment must seriously consider these nine assets and make every attempt to construct narratives around these themes to advance South Australia’s enduring qualities, vital for cultural identity and fundamental for economic growth.
Lily PavillionWhale species
Lake EyreCoorong
Murray River
Wine regions
Coober Pedy
Eco-Tourism
THE CONTEXT OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA46
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Green buildings Zero waste Environmental art installation
Integrated technologiesSolar generation
AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND WINE
Wine industry leadership Eco-efficient wine industry
Sustainable food supply Culinary tourism
THE CONTEXT OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA48
EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
Community schooling Social engagement
Progressive learning environments
Language arts
SOCIAL INNOVATION
Accessible legal system Community action Improving indigenous communities
THE CONTEXT OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA50
HEALTH CARE
Contemporary hospital services
Community sport
Park Land recreation Accessible public spaces
Ancillary health care
FESTIVALS AND EVENTS
Music festivals
Public performance
Sports cultureCommunity festivals
THE CONTEXT OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA52
DEFENCE AND MINING INDUSTRIES
Defence and allied initiatives Arts and mining industry integration
LIVEABILITY
Arts Accessible housing Park Lands
History of leadership Housing choice Cultural precinctsHeritage buildings
THE CONTEXT OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA54
Professional and Industry Associations
PRIME MINISTER AND CABINET
PREMIER AND CABINET
DEPARTMENTS STATEGOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
AUSTRALIANGOVERNMENT
COUNCIL MEMBERS
DEPARTMENTS
PEAK BODIES ADVOCACY GROUPS SERVICES
Government
Clients CommunitiesOccupantsOwnersPublic / society Users
STATE UNIVERSITIES
FOREIGN / STATE UNIVERSITIES
VET PROVIDERS
AUSTRALIAN / ASIAN UNIVERSITIES
NATIONALUNIVERSITIES
INTERNATIONALUNIVERSITIES
DESIGN PROFESSIONALS
PLANNERS
ENGINEERS
DEVELOPERS
CONTRACTORS
SPECIAL CONSULTANTS
EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS
SERVICE PROVIDERS
Universities and VET Providers
Built Environment Industry
RESEARCH CENTRES
PRACTICE ACADEMIES
PROFESSIONAL CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Research and Development Institutions
THE CONTEXT OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA56
COLLABORATORS: The built environment industry
Developers
FINANCIERS
HOUSING INDUSTRY
INVESTORS OWNERS
Engineers
SANITARY
WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN
SERVICE
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEMS
TRAFFIC / TRANSPORT
PRODUCTION
RESOURCE
MATERIALS
MECHANICAL
PROCESS
INDUSTRIAL
FOOD
GEOSPATIALGEOTECHNICAL
HYDRAULIC
FACADECOMMUNICATIONS
DIGITAL MAPPING
DISABILITY ACCESS
ELECTRICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ACOUSTIC
CIVIL
BIOCHEMICAL
BUILDING SERVICES
CHEMICAL
Planners
Environmental and Physical Scientists
ECOLOGISTS
MATERIAL SCIENTISTS
EARTH SCIENTISTS
BIODIVERSITY SCIENTISTS
Humanities and Social Scientists
ANTHROPOLOGISTS
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENTISTS
ETHNOGRAPHERS
HISTORIANS
PSYCHOLOGISTS
SOCIOLOGISTS
Experts and Specialists
Service Providers
BANKERS
ACCOUNTANTS
COST PLANNERS
CREDIT PROVIDERS
FEASIBILITY
INSURERS
ECONOMISTS
LEGAL ADVISERS
QUANTITYSURVEYORS
REAL ESTATE PROFESSIONALS
MORTGAGE BANKERS
PROGRAMMING
Special Consultants
CLIMATE CHANGE
CONSERVATION /PRESERVATION
COMMUNITY CONSULTATION
CULTURE / INDIGENOUS CULTURE
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
EVENTS MANAGEMENT
HERITAGE
PUBLIC ART
PUBLIC HEALTH
RESTORATION
SECURITY
WAYFINDING /INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Contractors FABRICATORS
MANUFACTURERS
PROJECT MANAGERS
SUPPLIERS
CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS
DISTRIBUTORS
FACILITY MANAGERS
Strategic Planner
Social Planner
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INSTALLERS
TRADESLandscapeArchitects
Industrial Designers
ArchitectsInterior Designers
Urban Designers
Communicationand Graphic Designers
Interaction and Digital Designers
Exhibition andExperience Designers
Lighting Designers
Allied artists
ArtsCERAMICSFILM MAKINGGLASSMETAL-WORKMULTI-MEDIAPAINTING PHOTOGRAPHPRINT MAKINGSCULPTURESET/STAGE DESIGNTELEVISIONTEXTILES
Digital ArtsANIMATIONINTERACTIVE / WEBVIDEO
Installation Arts Literary Arts Performing ArtsDanceMusicTheatre
COASTAL AND OCEAN
ELECTRONICS TELE-COMMUNICATIONS
RISK
THE CONTEXT OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA 57
Developers
FINANCIERS
HOUSING INDUSTRY
INVESTORS OWNERS
Engineers
SANITARY
WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN
SERVICE
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEMS
TRAFFIC / TRANSPORT
PRODUCTION
RESOURCE
MATERIALS
MECHANICAL
PROCESS
INDUSTRIAL
FOOD
GEOSPATIALGEOTECHNICAL
HYDRAULIC
FACADECOMMUNICATIONS
DIGITAL MAPPING
DISABILITY ACCESS
ELECTRICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ACOUSTIC
CIVIL
BIOCHEMICAL
BUILDING SERVICES
CHEMICAL
Planners
Environmental and Physical Scientists
ECOLOGISTS
MATERIAL SCIENTISTS
EARTH SCIENTISTS
BIODIVERSITY SCIENTISTS
Humanities and Social Scientists
ANTHROPOLOGISTS
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENTISTS
ETHNOGRAPHERS
HISTORIANS
PSYCHOLOGISTS
SOCIOLOGISTS
Experts and Specialists
Service Providers
BANKERS
ACCOUNTANTS
COST PLANNERS
CREDIT PROVIDERS
FEASIBILITY
INSURERS
ECONOMISTS
LEGAL ADVISERS
QUANTITYSURVEYORS
REAL ESTATE PROFESSIONALS
MORTGAGE BANKERS
PROGRAMMING
Special Consultants
CLIMATE CHANGE
CONSERVATION /PRESERVATION
COMMUNITY CONSULTATION
CULTURE / INDIGENOUS CULTURE
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
EVENTS MANAGEMENT
HERITAGE
PUBLIC ART
PUBLIC HEALTH
RESTORATION
SECURITY
WAYFINDING /INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Contractors FABRICATORS
MANUFACTURERS
PROJECT MANAGERS
SUPPLIERS
CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS
DISTRIBUTORS
FACILITY MANAGERS
Strategic Planner
Social Planner
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INSTALLERS
TRADESLandscapeArchitects
Industrial Designers
ArchitectsInterior Designers
Urban Designers
Communicationand Graphic Designers
Interaction and Digital Designers
Exhibition andExperience Designers
Lighting Designers
Allied artists
ArtsCERAMICSFILM MAKINGGLASSMETAL-WORKMULTI-MEDIAPAINTING PHOTOGRAPHPRINT MAKINGSCULPTURESET/STAGE DESIGNTELEVISIONTEXTILES
Digital ArtsANIMATIONINTERACTIVE / WEBVIDEO
Installation Arts Literary Arts Performing ArtsDanceMusicTheatre
COASTAL AND OCEAN
ELECTRONICS TELE-COMMUNICATIONS
RISK
INTEGRATED
DESIGN
EXPLORED
INTEGRATED DESIGN EXPLORED 63
VISION
Design solutions have a long-lasting effect and fundamentally alter the context in which they are implemented. Therefore, a consistent and long-term vision is paramount. The development of a vision not only demands a sophisticated understanding of the present situation but also a clear and profound view of its true sustainability. This requires reasoning, critical reflection and lateral thinking. Moreover, it requires strong political leadership grounded in an ethical values system, the power of persuasion, and the ability to listen to and understand the divergent opinions of others.
CONSULTATION
The role of experts and professionals in the process is crucial to translate a vision — often abstract — into tangible and operational models. They can visualise implementation strategies and develop communication strategies with all stakeholders. Experts and professionals must be consulted to form the brief, before all other parties are affected by a possible realisation. Such consultation provides the opportunity for all stakeholders to comment, state their goals and contribute to the initial vision on the basis of evidence and expert knowledge. The goal must be to create a solid and reliable platform for discussion and develop a strategy for implementation that is broadly supported and owned by all the parties involved. It should identify conflicts of interest, and differences in value systems and of approaches, incom patibilities and misunderstandings. It should build confidence and prepare a common ground for active collaboration.
COLLABORATION
Collaboration in an integrated design approach is vital to bring all stakeholders to the table, not as opponents with divergent and conflicting goals to realise, but as allies, who seek to share a common vision for mutual benefit. Such an integrated team, formed as early as possible in the process, will strengthen the conviction that, by collaborating, not only will all parties be rewarded but also the ultimate outcome of their efforts will be better, highly satisfying and qualitatively superior outcomes. This synergetic aspect should be a driving force behind the total design process.
INTEGRATED DESIGN EXPLORED64
PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED DESIGN
INTEGRATED DESIGN EXPLORED 65
INNOVATION
It is generally acknowledged that innovation is a necessity for steady and healthy economic growth. Integrated design thinking is a driving force for innovation. A design process based on collaboration is the cradle for creating an environment where new ideas can be formed and developed. It is precisely the confrontation of different stakeholders in a positive collaboration that gives rise to unknown and unfamiliar views and opportunities, providing for new, creative and far-reaching solutions to problems considered too complex to solve.
EVALUATION
Integrated design processes are not linear but are fundamen-tally cyclic and dynamic. As such, temporary results are to be evaluated regularly against the set goals and the overall vision. Feedback from these evaluations is important to adjust trajectories, improve decision making and optimise the final result. This relies on a ‘satisficing strategy’, a term first used by Herbert Simon (1957) to indicate that human beings usually do not know the relevant probabilities of process outcomes. A satisficing strategy attempts to optimise the use of all the cognitive steps to meet the set goals and maximise the results.
As integrated design processes are concurrent and multi-leveled these evaluation moments executed by all team members allow for introducing knowledge and expertise in every stage of the process and simultaneously on all levels, not only in segregated mono-disciplinary fragments at moments when it is considered needed.
PARTICIPATION
Participation in design processes is often misunderstood. Tradi-tionally it is based on what Foqué (2010) calls ‘the asymmetry of knowledge’, meaning that, in participatory design processes. Some of the stakeholders have expert knowledge and others have only popular or superficial notions of the problems at stake. A desired situation is based on ‘symmetry of knowledge’, referring to ‘a balanced decision-making process based on both respect for the knowledge of the specialist and willingness to share this with the other’. It is the basis for interdisciplinary collaboration but also acknowledges the importance of the contribution of the local communities and so-called non-pro-fessionals. Well organised participation allows multiple voices to be heard and involved in the design and results in outcomes which not only accommodate a wide range of stakeholders and users, but allow for a better understanding and identification by these stakeholders with the design solution.
COMMUNICATION
Communication during the design process not only involves written language and/or speech, it covers the total spectrum of media, such as drawings, physical models, computer anima-tions, photographs, calculations, diagrams. The effective use of such media involves education and training. Moreover, the various stakeholders — government, professional associations, advocacy groups, the built environment industry, educational institutions and community groups — use their own professional language and terminology. It is essential that all participants are aware of the possible semantic differences during the communication process and have the willingness to listen and attempt to ‘translate’ the messages from other parties into their own vocabulary. Citizens and their elected representatives, and the general media who seek to engage in non-technical non-professional language must be engaged, but not patronised, in terms that enable them to share the new understanding with others. By doing so, open sharing will be encouraged, fostered, promoted, and supported, without the fear of inferiority or irrelevance.
INTEGRATED DESIGN EXPLORED66
PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED DESIGN
INTEGRATED DESIGN EXPLORED 67
EDUCATION
Implementing an Integrated Design Strategy implies an educational dimension, including basic design education. Participants will learn and understand the essence of the process as evolving in time but also in content, referring back to the substance itself of the vision, its various elements, relationships, interactions and context. Moreover, participants should be able to interpret, read and understand the different models and techniques used during the entire process; they should seek to understand and speak a common language. An open debate about the qualities of the environment is the first step toward a better informed point-of-view.
DEMONSTRATION
An element in the educational process is learning by example — from demonstration and precedent studies. Non-designers often find it difficult to envisage design solutions in a real context. Therefore, it is extremely useful to share design solutions with non-experienced stakeholders, to analyse them together, examine their strengths and weaknesses, and discuss lessons learned. Case study analysis is a direct tool to build design knowledge and to understand how designers cope with complexity and to what extent a vision is realised within a given context. Direct experience of place is irreplaceable as a demonstration of design value.
DIRECTIONS
FOR SA
DIRECTIONS FOR SA 77
INHIBITORS TO CHANGE
•Abundance / scarcity paradox
•Developer driven planning
•Local, city, state disconnect
•Fear of change
•Finances
•Lack of follow-through
•Media divisiveness
•Regulation and zoning
•Risk aversion
KEY INFLUENCERS
•Premier and Cabinet
•Development industry
•Land Management Corporation
•Dept Planning and Local Government
•Dept Transport, Energy and Infrastructure
•Department of Treasury and Finance
•Australian Government funding
•State finance and funding
•Market expectations
NEEDS
•Big picture thinking
•Business investment
•Certainty
•Confidence
•Commitment to action
•Design quality
•Entrepreneurial attitude
•Joined up solutions
•Public transport
VALUES
•Creative pursuits
•Diversity of experience
•Economic stability
•Environmental sustainability
•Future for children
•Heritage (built and cultural)
•Lifestyle balance
•Privacy
•Regard for nature
BEST
•Aged care
•Barossa region
•Early childhood education
•Food and wine culture
•Primary health care
•Recycling scheme
•Renewable energy
•Social innovation
•Torrens Land Registration
IDENTITY / PERCEPTION
•Apathetic
•Artistically dynamic
•Class conscious
•Conservative
•Environmentally conscious
•Insecure
•Multicultural
•Politically progressive
•Provincial mindset
WORST
•Abandoned urban plots
•Aboriginal impoverishment
•Car dependency
•Class divisions
•Design under-valued
•Lost opportunities
•Urban sprawl
•Social inequity
•Youth unemployment
ASSETS
•Arts and cultural events
•Climate
•Education
•Ideas incubator
•Landscape / nature
•Natural resources
•Political leadership
•Size for collaboration
•Stability
CHALLENGES
•Ageing population
•Attracting / retaining talent
•Ecological footprint
•Environment
•Housing diversity
•Identity
•Isolation / location
•Workforce development
•Water
RECOMMENDATIONS
1.INTELLIGENTINVESTMENT
IDC
2.QUALITY
COMMITMENTPer formance
3.COLLECTIVE
ACTIONIDS
4.ENVIRONMENTAL
LEADERSHIPSustainability
5.COLLABORATIVECONSTRUCTIONIntegrated practices
6.ECO INDUSTRY
INNOVATIONManufactured assemblies
7.BUILT ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCHPractice-based
alliances 8.DESIGN LITERACYLearning environments
9.CONSTRUCTIVEENGAGEMENT
Consultation and communication
RECOMMENDATIONS88
1.INTELLIGENTINVESTMENT
IDC
2.QUALITY
COMMITMENTPer formance
3.COLLECTIVE
ACTIONIDS
4.ENVIRONMENTAL
LEADERSHIPSustainability
5.COLLABORATIVECONSTRUCTIONIntegrated practices
6.ECO INDUSTRY
INNOVATIONManufactured assemblies
7.BUILT ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCHPractice-based
alliances 8.DESIGN LITERACYLearning environments
9.CONSTRUCTIVEENGAGEMENT
Consultation and communication
PROCESSES PRINCIPLES
POLICIES
PERFORMANCEKnowledge Generation
Advising, advocating Knowled
ge A
pplic
ation
Coord
inat
ing,
ena
bling
Know
ledge TransferC
omm
unicating, engaging
PRACTICE
ED
UC
AT
ION
RESEARCH
RECOMMENDATIONS 89
RECOMMENDATIONS INTRODUCTION
Imagine a world where an Integrated Design Strategy
delivers outstanding design quality that is responsive
and sustainable; where all communications throughout
the process are clear, concise, open, transparent,
and trusting; where decisions and processes are
performance driven and value based; where all
stakeholders are involved from the initiation of the
project; where outcomes are inspired and visionary...
Norman Strong, FAIA, Report on Integrated Practice, 2006
FOUNDATION: MODELLING AN INTEGRATED DESIGN APPROACH
During the last stage of the residency, a series of draft recommendations were presented to numerous, diverse stakeholder groups as well as the residency partners. This consultation process led to changes, significant refinements and validation of the final set of nine recommendations. Multiple perspectives representing the diverse stakeholders served to determine the priorities and establish connections throughout.
Ultimately, recommendations were formed to be actionable, meaningful, relevant and trans-formational. However, all recommendations should be understood and undertaken with respect to existing strengths in South Australia. An Integrated Design Strategy is a process of optimisation, and therefore an incremental approach that, in its first phase, embraces and complements, enhances and enables current systems. Change is inspired, not imposed, by building upon good practices from within government and in the private sector — and identifying agents of change and champions in the process of reform. Consensus building and relationship stregthening is fundamental to the success of all recommendations.
While each recommendation is necessary to achieve a comprehensive Integrated Design Strategy for South Australia, the first recommendation — an Integrated Design Commission (IDC) with a Commissioner and Government Architect — is conceived to support the design, development and delivery of all recommendations. With a mission based on a model of ‘intelligent investment’ which integrates design, planning and development as a design-led vision, the IDC relies upon all recommendations. At the same time, it is expected that recommendations are adopted and developed by the widest array of stakeholders to encourage a plurality of approaches and broad ownership.
While the recommendations are numbered as a matter of reference, their adoption need not be sequential. Any may be launched immediately and in parallel, yet each is dependent on the success and progress of others to realise an integrated strategy. Constructive engagement as recommendation #9, in particular, should be equal in priority to recommendation #1.
The IDC must establish integrated design decision-making processes, develop guiding principles for integrated practices, and define policies leading to value-based outcomes. All recommendations must be founded equally on research as an evidence base, on education as a knowledge base, and on practice as a performance base as illustrated left.
1. INTELLIGENT INVESTMENT
Robust program of infrastructure investmentEconomic growth and competitivenessSA — The Entrepreneur State
2. HIGHEST QUALITY COMMITMENT
Social and regional benefits from economic growthHealthy, safe and connected communitiesStrengthening communities / people, places
3. COLLECTIVE ACTION
Productivity through innovation and value-chainsWorld class design and vibrancyVibrant Adelaide
4. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP
Coordinated action plan for water securityClimate change resilience and carbon efficiencyGreen South Australia
6. ECO-INDUSTRY INNOVATION
Raising workforce participationAffordable living and housing diversitySkills for all
5. COLLABORATIVE CONSTRUCTION
Positioning SA as a leader in renewable energiesEnvironment and natural resource managementRenewable energy: a key economic sector
7. BUILT ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
Planning for population growthHeritage and character enhancementEngaging older and younger South Australians
8. DESIGN LITERACY
Education and training system for the 21st centuryAccessibility and social inclusionEarly childhood development
9. CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT
Efficient and effective public sectorCommunity engagementInformation for citizens
PROPERTY COUNCIL OF AUSTRALIA SA ADELAIDE 2036
Governing the central city for communities of SADesigning the central city to unleash potentialMoving people to and around the central cityBuilding the central city as the state’s business hubBoosting the residential population of the central cityCreating and marketing a dynamic central city
SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S STRATEGIC PLAN
Creativity and InnovationBuilding CommunitiesExpanding OpportunitiesImproving Well-BeingAttaining SustainabilityGrowing Prosperity
INTEGRATED DESIGN STRATEGY FOR SA
Economic Development Board statement30-Year Plan for Greater Adelaide principlesState Reform Agenda policy priorities
RECOMMENDATIONS90
RECOMMENDATIONS92
Integrated Design Commission with Government Architect
Integrated Design Strategies for Communities, Cities, Regions
Policies and Procurement for Performance-based Outcomes
Integrated Design for Climate Change and Sustainability
Manufactured Assemblies for Mass Customisation
Design Education + Learning Enviroments
INTELLIGENT INVESTMENT
COLLECTIVE ACTION
HIGHEST QUALITY COMMITMENT
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP
COLLABORATIVE CONSTRUCTION
ECO INDUSTRY INNOVATION
BUILT ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
DESIGN LITERACY
CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT
VISION
CONSULTATION
COLLABORATION
PARTICIPATION
EVALUATION
INNOVATION
COMMUNICATION
EDUCATION
DEMONSTRATION
Collaborative Construction through Integrated Practices
Pracfice-based Built Environement Research
Consultation Models and Communications Strategies
RECOMMENDATIONS 93
RECOMMENDATIONS IN DETAIL
The principles informing an integrated design approach are intertwined and illustrate cyclical and iterative phases of a process — based on collaborative efforts, holistic and integrated thinking, and parallel actions. The model for integrated design decision making provides a robust and operational basis for a comprehensive approach in practice.
Integrated design principles and the nine recommendations are interconnected and inter-dependent. There is a direct relationship between the generation of a vision for future development and innovation as a result of implementing a vision. At the the same time, innovation occurring in academia, industry and society as a whole influences political action and establishes a momentum for further growth.
The relationship between participation and communication is undeniable and obvious. The several means of communication and the ability to understand and use media are paramount to a positive process involving all stakeholders. The development of a vision of the future based on innovation and supported by the different stakeholders can only be successful if generated from close consultation with professionals and beneficial parties and collaboration between all. This necessitates a climate of mutual understanding and respect among all stakeholders. Education in general, and basic design education in particular, is a foundation for the creation and evolution of such a culture. A knowledge base formed from case studies can demonstrate how an abstract vision can be realised and implemented, and illustrates the consequences of such a process.
Consistently iterative evaluation is crucial for the success of an Integrated Design Strategy. Research and evidence is at the core of the process, and the other eight principles come together into a dynamic action driven and creative process, providing for positive progress.
To achieve significant impact, a vision for future development must be transformed into a strategic plan outlining the methods and timing for realisation. In the first phase a solid and consistent vision would be built on the basis of consultation, collaboration, participation and ongoing evaluation, resulting in an agreed vision statement. It would be a basis for the development of a strategic plan. Important in this phase are collective action, quality commitment, global environmental leadership and intelligent investment. In the second phase, where the strategic plan moves into implementation, communication and innovation gain importance and with it the necessary platform for collaborative construction, built environment research alliances and a climate for eco-industry innovation. In the third phase, all nine recommendations work together, underlining the importance of environmental design literacy in combination with integrated design education and constructive engagement.
Such a global, multi-layered and integrated view, leading to the realisation at a political and policy level of an agreed vision, translates into a comprehensive model that forms the core of an Integrated Design Strategy. This is the starting point for the formulation of recommendations.
STRUCTURE OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS
Each recommendation is structured in four parts:
Foundation identifies conditions, domains or issues which are locally, nationally and globally relevant, revealing relationships between elements, and resultant new hybrid territories, with the potential for added value and impact. Framework identifies elements in the design process from micro to macro scales, defined by harmonious and unified structures. It reveals co-dependency and interconnectedness of decision making to maximise beneficial long-term outcomes while defining new ways of working. Recommendation relates to quadruple bottom line considerations — economic, environmental, social and governance — and holistic approaches used to achieve joined-up solutions centred on user needs, and based on foresight. Strategies define opportunities and parallel actions through policies, principles and processes to support an integrated design-led strategy.
INTELLIGENT INVESTMENTDesign / Planning / Development
1. INTEGRATED DESIGN COMMISSION WITH A GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT
FOUNDATION
Integrated design is a process of
intelligent investment based on the
interdependence of design, planning
and development activities to achieve
mutually beneficial, long-term, life-
cycle, performance-based outcomes
with balanced consideration of
economic, environmental and social
parameters and values.
FRAMEWORK
Integrated design thinking drives
creativity and innovation (design) for
building communities (planning) and
expanding opportunities (develop-
ment). Integrated design intelligence
provides incentives in the planning
process to generate and support
public–private co-investment.
Integrated design processes create
partnerships for public space, relating
people, place and prosperity.
RECOMMENDATIONS94
EXPANDINGOPPORTUNITY
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
QUALITY OF LIFE
VALUE OF DESIGN
IMPACT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT
IMPROVING WELL-BEING
ATTAINING SUSTAINABILITY
GROWING PROSPERITY
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCIAL
DESIGN
PLANNING DEVELOPMENTBUILDING
COMMUNITIES PLACE
PROSPERITY
PE
OP
LE
investment incentive
inte
llige
nce
INTELLIGENCE INCENTIVE INVESTMENT
PEOPLE PLACE PROSPERITY
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DESIGN DESIGN PLANNING DEVELOPMENT
CURRENT PARADIGM INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCIAL
EC
ON
OM
IC
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L
SO
CIA
L
PARTNERSHIPS FOR PUBLIC GOOD AND PUBLIC SPACE
CREATIVITY INNOVATION BUILDING COMMUNITY EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY
RECOMMENDATIONS 95
RECOMMENDATION 1
Create an Integrated Design Commission, attached to the Department of the Premier and Cabinet, with a Commissioner and Government Architect supported by a team of design professionals and a multi-disciplinary advisory board of experts responsible for independent advice, advocacy and review of built environment design, planning and development.
LOC
AL, CITY, REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS AND C
OM
MU
NIT
IES
STATE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND D
EPARTMEN
TS
AC
AD
EM
IC IN
STITUTIONS, RESEARCH CENTRES, VOCATIONAL AND E
DUCATIO
NA
L T
RA
ININ
G
BU
ILT ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY AND PROFESSIONAL O
RGANIS
ATIO
NS
COMMISSIONERGOVERNMENT
ARCHITECT
DIRECTOR
PREMIER AND CABINET
PA / OFFICE
MANAGER
EXECUTIVEOFFICER
COMMUNICATIONS
DESIGN SPECIALIST
DESIGN SPECIALIST
DESIGN ASSISTA
NC
E T
EA
MSA
DV
ISO
RY
BOAR
D
STRATEGIES
1. Establish a vision for the built environment to inform all policies based on a design-led approach and government-wide
integrated decision-making processes for design, planning and development. Provide leadership in determining short-,
medium- and long-term priorities for the allocation of funding for government projects in response to expert advice and
assessment.
2. Create an investment model, based on economic, environmental and social values, that is applicable to all stakeholders
in the process of designing, planning and developing the built environment. Develop a strategic plan to achieve design
excellence. Establish incentives to attract the highest quality investment through public–private partnerships with
emphasis on the public realm.
3. Embed design in and across all government policies as well the SASP targets, the 30-Year Plan for Greater Adelaide
Principles, the Economic Board Recommendations, the State Reform Agenda and the forthcoming Integrated
Infrastructure Strategic Plan.
FRAMEWORK
Integrated design is a seamless
collaborative process for mutually
beneficial economic, environmental
and social performance-based
outcomes throughout the life cycle of
a project and for the long-term value
of the built environment. Integrated
design is a communication process
and a tool driven by human-centred
needs and a responsibility for quality.
Integrated design is based on
performance criteria to determine
qualification-based selection in the
procurement process.
HIGHEST QUALITY COMMITMENT Creativity and Innovation / Building Community / Expanding Opportunity
2. POLICIES AND PROCUREMENT VALUING PERFORMANCE-BASED OUTCOMES
RECOMMENDATIONS96
FOUNDATION
Integrated design pursues the highest
quality commitment based on a
shared social responsibility,
environmental risk and economic
reward model with performance based
on valuing quality of life, procurement
based on valuing design and policy
based on valuing culture to create an
affordable, liveable and sustainable
world. EXPANDING
OPPORTUNITY
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
POLICY
PERFORMANCEPROCUREMENTBUILDING
COMMUNITIES
RESPONSIBILITYREWARD
RISK
IMPROVING WELL-BEING
ATTAINING SUSTAINABILITY
GROWING PROSPERITY
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCIAL
CO
NS
TR
UC
TIN
G
CURRENT PARADIGM
INTEGRATED DESIGN
TIME
KN
OW
LE
DG
E
DE
FIN
ING
BR
IEF
ING
FIN
AN
CIN
G
PR
OC
UR
ING
DE
SIG
NIN
G
CO
MM
ISS
ION
ING
OP
ER
AT
ING
MA
INTA
ININ
G
DE
SIG
N
PR
OC
UR
E
BU
ILD
MA
NA
GE
PERFORMANCE-BASED OUTCOMES‘PULL’ MODEL
RESPONSIBILITY FOR QUALITY
PRODUCT-ORIENTED RESULTS‘PUSH’ MODEL
ACCOUNTABILITY FOR QUANTITY
4-dimensional parametric modelling and simulation
QUALIFICATION-BASED SELECTION PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS 97
RECOMMENDATION 2
Develop policies and procurement practices valuing design excellence, based on performance measures that seek mutually beneficial economic, social and environmental outcomes. Ensure the provision of a regulatory environment and legal framework to achieve the highest quality outcomes that maximise innovation.
SO
CIA
L
GOVERNANCE
ENVIRONMENTAL
EC
ON
OM
IC
FIRMNESS / Structure
accessible, equitable, inclusive
adaptable, flexible, transformational
ecological, regenerative, resilient
COMMODITY / Function
affordable, liveable, sustainable
competitive, productive, profitable
durable, reliable, safe
BEAUTY / Aesthetic
authentic, beautiful, memorable
illuminating, imaginative, inspirational
convenient, efficient, intuitive
MEASURES1. Sustainable design intent and innovation
2. Regional / community design and connectivity3. Land use and site ecology
4. Bioclimatic design5. Light and air6. Water cycle
7. Energy flows and energy future8. Materials and construction
9. Long life, loose fit10. Collective wisdom and feedback loops
STRATEGIES
1. Determine and apply agreed quality of life performance measures across the built environment. Develop standards of
design excellence using case-based knowledge and evidence-based design best practices in consultation with national
and international leading experts. Develop a shared environmental risk, social responsibility, and economic reward model
and a simulation platform for collaborative decision-making, evaluation and predictability.
2. Develop procurement guidelines / methods / policies to value design, expand opportunities, lead innovation and increase
capacity in the creative industries. Qualifications-based selection criteria would consider success in achieving economic,
environmental and social performance-based outcomes as well as success in creating productive collaborations.
3. Identify and commit to a diverse and relevant set of demonstration projects through which the future can be experienced
and imagined. Exemplars should advance understanding of design-led processes and test performance measures.
FRAMEWORK
Leverage early contribution of
expertise and knowledge from all
stakeholders to maximise long-term
value of project outcomes. Leverage
collaboratively defined values and
vision, common goals and objectives
and measures of success to
appropriately define project cost,
performance, quality, schedule and
scope. Leverage design communica-
tion to create clear, concise, innovative
and transparent processes with
relationships based on mutual benefit,
respect and trust in a shared culture
of responsibility, risk and reward.
COLLECTIVE ACTIONAgencies and Tiers of Government / Industry and Professional Associations
/ Academic and Research Institutions, VET Providers
3. INTEGRATED DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR COMMUNITIES, CITIES, REGIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS98
FOUNDATION
Integrated design is a collaborative,
consultative, multi-disciplinary
decision-making process to lead
collective action which values all
stakeholders’ expertise and needs
including agencies and tiers of federal,
state and local government, the built
environment industries, professional
associations, academic and research
institutions, and clients, the public
and users.
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL
STATE
LOCAL
BUILT ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY AND PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
PEAK BODIES
ADVOCACYGROUPS
ARCHITECTS LANDSCAPEARCHITECTS
URBANDESIGNERS
LIGHTING DESIGNERS
INDUSTRIALDESIGNERS
INTERIOR DESIGNERS
ALLIED ARTISTS
EXHIBITION / EXPERIENCE DESIGNERS
COMMUNICATION /INTERACTION DESIGNERS
CONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTORS
ENGINEERS EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS
PLANNERS DEVELOPERS
CLIENTS / OWNERSPUBLIC / SOCIETYUSERS / OCCUPANTS
NATIONAL
FOREIGN / STATEUNIVERSITIES
STATE
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS,RESEARCH CENTRES, V.E.T. PROVIDERS
RESEARCH CENTRES
SERVICES
STAKEHOLDERS’ABILITY TO INFLUENCE OUTCOMES / PERFORMANCE
TIME
COST TO CHANGE
DE
FIN
ING
BR
IEF
ING
FIN
AN
CIN
G
PR
OC
UR
ING
DE
SIG
NIN
G
CO
NS
TR
UC
TIN
G
CO
MM
ISS
ION
ING
OP
ER
AT
ING
MA
INTA
ININ
G
CLEAR, CONCISE, OPEN, SHARED, TRANSPARENT, TRUSTING RELATIONSHIPS+ SHARED RESPONSIBILITIES, REWARDS, RISKS AND SHARED GOVERNANCE
VALUES / VISIONGOALS AND OBJECTIVES
DEFINE MEASURES OF SUCCESS
RECOMMENDATIONS 99
RECOMMENDATION 3
Establish comprehensive design-led visions, based on guiding principles applied across multi-tiered and multi-agency government bodies leading to the creation of Integrated Design Strategies (IDS) for Adelaide city, regions and communities including coastal, indigenous, middle suburbs, mining, remote and rural.
NAT
ION
AL
EXP
ERTS
DECS, DEH, DFC, DOH, DTED,
AD
MIN
ISTR
ATIO
N
GOVERNMENT ENGAGEMENT
CAPITAL CITY COMMITTEE
COMMUNITY INPUT
LOC
AL
EXP
ERTS
AC
C E
XEC
UTI
VE
PUBLIC
IDS
IDS L
EADER
SHIP TEAMIN
TEG
RAT
ED D
ESIG
N COMMMISSIONER
ACC,
DPC
, DPLG
, DTEI
PRO
JECT
DIR
ECTO
R, PR
OJECT MANAGER
FED
ERAL
GOV
ERNMEN
T (NOMINEE)
LOCA
L G
OVE
RNMEN
T (NOMINEE)
GO
VERN
MEN
T ARCHITECT
DE
SIG
N A
DVI
SER
S
LOCA
L IN
TEGR
ATIO
N A
ND
LIN
KAG
ES
PREMIER AND CABINETST
ATE
INTE
GR
ATIO
N A
ND
LINK
AGES
ELECTED MEMBERS
ADELAIDE CITY COUNCIL
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
DPC, D
PLG, D
TEI
PRECINCT GROUPS
EDB, LMC, SATC, TACSI COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS
CONSULTAN
TS
INTEGRATED DESIGN COM
MIS
SIO
N S
A (
IDC
SA)
IDS DEVELOPM
EN
T T
EA
M
ACC (CITY DES
IGN
TEA
M),
DPLG (LINKS WITH
30-
YEA
R P
LAN
),
(BY I
NVIT
ATIO
N)
ADJO
ININ
G C
OU
NC
ILS, LG
A(C
HIE
F EX
ECU
TIVE
LEV
EL)
AND SU
STAI
NABILI
TY S
ECTO
R, C
ONSU
LTAN
TS A
ND
EXP
ERTS
,
EV
ENTS
ORG
ANIS
ATIO
NS,
PRO
FESS
ION
AL A
SSO
CIAT
ION
S,
PROF
ESSI
ONAL
INP
UT
BUSINES
S SE
CTOR
, BU
ILT E
NVI
RON
MEN
T R
ESEA
RCH
CULT
URAL
INST
ITUT
ION
S, D
ESIG
N P
ROFE
SSIO
NAL
S,
SERV
ICE
PROV
IDER
S, S
OCIA
L IN
CLU
SIO
N S
ECTO
RS
DEVE
LOPM
ENT
COM
MU
NIT
Y, E
DU
CATI
ON
SEC
TOR
AND
SCIE
NCE
ALLI
ANCE
, CLI
MAT
E CH
ANG
E
KAURNA
STRATEGIES
1. Learn and teach the value of collaboration through direct experience — bottom-up and top-down, from the inside and
outside. Support initiatives and models of collaboration that transcend boundaries and adopt integrated design thinking
and processes. Highly reward collaboration and consensus building across agencies and tiers of government.
2. Lead in the definition of performance-based project briefs that engender innovation, opportunity and highest quality
commitment. Briefs should recognise value chains within the system.
3. Define governance models led by design professionals and multidisciplinary consultants teams to maximise collaboration,
communication and consultation from expert Integrated Design Strategy panels and multidisciplinary local design
assistance teams for broad community engagement.
FRAMEWORK
An integrated strategy covers the
broadest spectrum of environmental
design, planning and development
from individual products to regions,
landscapes and cities. An integrated
strategy optimises the ecologies of use
and economies of scale to maximise
connectivity and communication to
serve the diverse needs of people. An
integrated strategy is based on the
interdependence of complex natural
and human-made systems. It
leverages resources effectively and to
achieve zero emissions, zero energy
use and zero waste.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP People and Services / Buildings and Infrastructure / Space and Transport
4. INTEGRATED DESIGN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILTY
RECOMMENDATIONS100
FOUNDATION
Integrated design considers total
environmental performance as the
interdependence of complex
ecosystems of people and services,
buildings and infrastructure, space
and transport to address the present
and future local and global challenges
of climate change, population growth
and resource depletion. Integrated
design embraces the cycles and
systems of energy, waste and water.
REG
ION
S, L
ANDSC
APES, CITIES
REHABILITATE, RENOVA
TE, R
ETR
OFI
T
PU
BLIC
SPACES, STREETSCAPES, BUILDINGS
COMMUNITIES, PRECINCTS, COR
RID
OR
S
SO
LA
RG
EO
TH
ER
MA
L
WAVE POWER
WIND POWERECOLOGIES OF USE
ECONOMIES OF SCALEINTEGRATION OF SYSTEMS
BUILDINGS +INFRASTRUCTURE
PEOPLE +SERVICES
SPACE +TRANSPORT
WASTEWATER
ENERGY
SOFTWAREHARDWARE
OP
ER
AT
ING
ECOLOGIES+
ECONOMIES
RECOMMENDATIONS 101
RECOMMENDATION 4
Through an integrated approach to design, policies and regulations, create opportunities to
establish global environmental leadership. Leverage SA’s leadership in climate change and
sustainability, and the State’s wealth of renewable energy resources, to develop adaptable,
flexible and resilient environments for individuals, businesses, communities and industries.
SO
CIA
L
IMPROVING WELL-BEING
GROWING PROSPERITY
ATTAINING SUSTAINABILITY
EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY
BUILDING COMMUNITIES
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
GOVERNANCE
ENVIRONMENTALE
CO
NO
MIC
IDEAS + VALUES
SPACE + TRANSPORT
INFORMATION + KNOWLEDGE
ENERGY + WASTE + WATER
CAPITAL + MATERIALS
PEOPLE + SERVICES
SOUTH AUSTRALIA'S STRATEGIC PLAN
FLOWS
VISION
STRATEGIES
1. Establish comprehensive, comparative and reliable environmental data as a means to establish leading policies and
targets. Invest in renewable energy research, development and innovation to establish internationally recognised models
for environmental sustainability.
2. Establish a visionary Integrated Infrastructure Strategic Plan based on people and services, using the principles of
integrated design.
3. Develop learning tools to inspire civic responsibility and community up-take for sustainable living. Develop an
engagement strategy to demonstrate the benefits of climate challenge, choice and change with respect to carbon/energy,
transport, water and waste (see Adelaide CCCCC page 122).
FRAMEWORK
Integrated design practice leverages
the strengths of architecture,
engineering and construction to assist
clients with any facility-related need
and deliver services with a total
approach to a project ’s life cycle.
Integrated design practice relies on
the translation of concepts and
established principles through
simulation toward the development
of solutions and contiguous building
techniques.
COLLABORATIVE CONSTRUCTIONClients / Design Professionals and Consultants / Contractors
5. COLLABORATIVE CONSTRUCTION CAPACITY USING INTEGRATED PRACTICES
RECOMMENDATIONS102
FOUNDATION
Integrated design in practice is based
on a seamless relationship between
clients, design professionals /
consultants and contractors using new
delivery methods and new
technologies in building information
modelling (BIM), integrated project
delivery (IPD), and ecologically
sustainable design (ESD) to provide
a common operational base for the
built environment industry.
CONCEPTION
SIMULATIONDECISION
ARCH
ITECTUR
E
ENGINEERING
REDUCE conflicts, construction time, cost, errors, loss of information, omissions, wasteINCREASE communication, efficiency, innovation + opportunity, precision + productivity, predictability, prototyping
development of solution
establishment of principles
CON
STR
UCT
ION
fabr
icat
ing,
man
ufac
turin
g, a
ssem
blin
g
BIMESDIPD
BUILDINGINFORMATIONMODELLING
ECOLOGICALLYSUSTAINABLE
DESIGN
INTEGRATEDPROJECT DELIVERY
DESIGNPROFESSIONALS/
CONSULTANTS
CLIENTS
CONTRACTORS
RECOMMENDATIONS 103
RECOMMENDATION 5
Leverage South Australia’s reputation as an ideas incubator to develop leading models of
collaboration and delivery methods for the built environment industry. Support a knowledge
exchange network, integrated processes, use of leading technology and research to ensure
maximum value.
SUST
AINAB
ILITY
VALUE
PERFORMANCE
INTE
GRATI
ON
BUILT ENVIRONMENTCREATED, ADAPTED, USED
IN WAYS THAT AREECONOMICALLY
ENVIRONMENTALLYSOCIALLY
SUSTAINABLE
BUILT ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY
ORGANISED IN WAYS THATENSURE MAXIMUM VALUE
IS CREATED AND EQUITABLY SHARED BY ALL STAKEHOLDERS
BUILT ENVIRONMENTKNOWLEDGE FRAMEWORKSUPPORTS CAPACITY TO
CLEARLY EXPRESSPERFORMANCE CRITERIA
BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGY
SUPPORT CAPACITY TO CREATE
INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS
MA
CR
OM
ICR
O
RESPONSESSUPPLY
NEEDSDEMANDS
ALLIANCING
STRATEGIES
1. Leverage the international and national experience and resources of large SA design practices (such as Arup, Hassell,
Woodhead and Woods Bagot) to define best practices in alliancing and project delivery methods.
2. Invest in state of the art technology and tools and support industry wide use of building information modelling, ecologically
sustainable design and infrastructure planning and design as a key part of the government procurement process. Lead with
demonstration projects.
3. Drive industry innovation through knowledge networks, to support collaborative evidence-based decision making that
strengthens knowledge generation (research), knowledge application (practice), and knowledge transfer (education).
ECO-INDUSTRY INNOVATION Business and Markets / Design and Technology / Engineering and Production
6. MANUFACTURED ASSEMBLIES FOR MASS CUSTOMISATION OF BUILDINGS
RECOMMENDATIONS104
FOUNDATION
Integrated environments, processes
and systems develop as seamless
relationships between usability in
design / technology, viability in
business / markets and feasibility
in engineering / production for
multi-cultural, multi-dimensional
and multi-generational applications.
FRAMEWORK
An integrated business model defines
new markets with higher quality and
greater efficiency. A collaborative
research core aims at pioneering,
prototyping and piloting innovative
methods for building which are
ecologically responsive. A collaborative
industry model employs spatial,
systems and component designers and
engineers to develop fabrication and
manufacturing processes using BIM.
DESIGN ENVIRONMENTSPROCESSES
SYSTEMS
PRODUCTIONMARKETS
TE
CH
NO
LO
GY
VIABILITYENGINEERINGBUSINESS
FEASIBILITY
USABILITY
DESIGNING, PROTOTYPING, TESTING
CRE
ATE
MAR
KET
OPP
OR
TUN
ITIE
S
M
ONIT
OR, R
EVIEW, FEEDBACK BASELINE ANALYSIS DESIG
N PR
INCIPLES, POLICY
HIG
HE
R B
UIL
D Q
UA
LIT
Y
FASTER CONSTRUCTION
TRADITIONAL ARCHITECT +‘CRAFT BASED’ BUILDER
MANUFACTURED ASSEMBLY
MODULAR ASSEMBLYSLAB HOUSING
‘TILT-UP’ BUILDINGS +‘TRANSPORTABLES’
PREFAB BUILDINGS
APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS LOCAL NATIONAL, GLOBAL
HOUSING FOR SPECIAL POPULATIONS ELDERLY, STUDENTHOUSING IN REMOTE COMMUNITIES DEFENCE, INDIGENOUS, MININGHOUSING AS LIVING SOLUTIONS LOW DENSITY, MEDIUM DENSITY, HIGH DENSITYHOUSING FOR SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTS COASTAL, DESERT, HERITAGESPECIAL USE EVENTS, FILM AND THEATRE INDUSTRY, FESTIVALSTEMPORARY STRUCTURES DISASTER RELIEF, DISPLAY / EXHIBITION, KIOSKS
RECOMMENDATIONS 105
RECOMMENDATION 6
Establish expertise in the design and manufacturing of ‘green’ assemblies for mass customisation of buildings. Transform non-viable manufacturing industries into eco-innovation industries of ‘kit of parts’ buildings and structures for diverse locations, populations and purposes in local, national and global markets.
DESIGNING, PROTOTYPING, TESTING
CRE
ATE
MAR
KET
OPP
OR
TUN
ITIE
S
M
ONIT
OR, R
EVIEW, FEEDBACK BASELINE ANALYSIS DESIG
N PR
INCIPLES, POLICY
SPATIA
L DES
IGN
S
YSTE
MS
DESIGN COMPONENT DESIGN COSTIN
G
DESIGN PROFESS
ION
ALS
EN
GINEE
RS
INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS QUANTITY SU
RVE
YOR
S
M
ANU
FAC
TU
RE
ASSEMBLY
END USER
BUILDINGINFORMATIONMODELLING
DIGITAL FABRICATION
STRATEGIES
1. Leverage South Australia’s affordable housing history and innovation to define diverse and innovative living models
responsive to various environments. Establish a housing innovation research and development unit as collaboration
between government, the housing industry, professional practice and universities.
2. Investigate and develop a manufacturing assemblies industry. Create demonstration projects for sustainable development
at places such as Tonsley Park.
3. Position SA as a world class exporter in manufactured assemblies of the highest quality for multiple markets.
FRAMEWORK
Practice-based use-inspired research
collaborations between academia,
government, industry and professional
organisations will drive innovation
in the design, planning and
development process to maximise
economic, environmental and social
impacts. Practice-based use-inspired
research collaborations use hybrid
methodologies that integrate project-
based, practice-based and
professional-based approaches.
Practice-based use-inspired research
collaborations generate process,
project and public knowledge in
established research and emerging
research areas.
BUILT ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH Education / Practice / Research
7. PRACTICE-BASED BUILT ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH ALLIANCES
RECOMMENDATIONS106
FOUNDATION
Integrated design research is
practice-based and use-inspired to
address the complexity of global and
local challenges. Integrated design
develops meaningful connections
between education, practice and
research, built upon case-based
knowledge, evidence-based design
and performance-based outcomes
for the built environment.EDUCATION
PRACTICE
RESEARCH
EVIDENCE-BASED
PERFORMANCE-BASED
CASE-BASED
APPLIEDBASIC
US
E-I
NS
PIR
ED
public knowledge project knowledge
proc
ess
know
ledg
e
LOCALNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL
BASIC (FUNDAMENTAL) RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH
USE-INSPIRED RESEARCH
TECHNICAL research for design
SOCIAL research into design
DESIGN research through design
FORE-GROUNDING project-based
BACK-GROUNDING practice-based
COMBINED profession-based
HYBRID METHODOLOGIES
BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING
BUILDING PERFORMANCE
CARBON / ENERGY
CLIENT / USER NEEDS
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CULTURE OF PRACTICE
DIGITAL FABRICATION
HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE
INTEROPERABILITY
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT DELIVERY
SIMULATION AND VIRTUAL REALITY
SUSTAINABILITY
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
WASTE
WATER
ADAPTIVE REUSE
AFFORDABILITY AND LIVEABILITY
ARCHITECTURAL ROBOTICS
BIO-INSPIRED DESIGN / BIO-MIMICRY
BUILDING AUTOMATION PROCESSES
CLIMATE ADAPTION AND RESILIENCE
DATA-ENABLED TECHNOLOGY
DISASTER RELIEF
INTERACTIVE SKINS
FINANCIAL INNOVATION
GREEN CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
OFF-SITE FABRICATION
PROCUREMENT
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SELF-ORGANISING SYSTEMS
SOCIAL SPACE
SPATIAL DATA TOOLS
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES
UNITISED CONSTRUCTION
URBAN ECOLOGY
WHOLE SYSTEMS DESIGN
WIND HARVESTING
MODES OF RESEARCH ESTABLISHED RESEARCH AREAS EMERGING RESEARCH AREAS
PROCESS KNOWLEDGE
PROJECT KNOWLEDGE
PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE
DOMAINS OF KNOWLEDGE
RECOMMENDATIONS 107
RECOMMENDATION 7
Establish built environment research alliances as collaborative, practice-based and use-inspired models. These should develop case-based knowledge, evidence-based design and performance-based outcomes for the built environment. Establish a requirement in government design, planning and development projects to undertake collaborative research.
MODELLING, VISUALISATION4D SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS
TOTAL QUALITY OF LIFE MEASURES EVIDENCE-BASED DESIGN CRITERIA
CARBON, ENERGY, ENVIRONMENTALTOTAL BUILDING PERFORMANCE
INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE AND LAND USE INTEGRATED SPACE AND TRANSPORT MODELS
PROCUREMENT, COLLABORATIVE PRACTICESINTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY METHODS
OFF-SITE FABRICATION, UNITISED CONSTRUCTIONGREEN MANUFACTURING FOR BUILDING
RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY WHOLE SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS AND MODELS
LIVING MODELS FOR DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGEENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN FOR HEALTH
CLIENT / SOCIETY / USER NEEDS — CONSULTATION / PARTICIPATORY DESIGN PROCESSES
COLLABORATORS SA RESEARCH TARGETS BUILT ENVIRONMENT OUTCOMES
CULTURAL IDENTITY AND VITALITY THROUGH DESIGN
HIGH QUALITY PUBLIC SPACES / PUBLIC LIFE
URBAN INTENSITY AND VIBRANT COMMUNITIES
CREATIVE CENTRES / CORRIDORS AS CONDUITS
HUMAN-CENTRED ENVIRONMENTS AND PLACES
HOUSING AFFORDABILITY, DIVERSITY, INNOVATION
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN FOR HEALTH
ACTIVATED AND CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT PARKLANDS
HERITAGE AS LIVING HISTORY
CLIENTS, COMMUNITIES, PUBLIC
OWNERS, MANAGERS, USERS
ENGINEERS AND CONSULTANTS
SERVICE PROVIDERS
REGULATORS
ARCHITECTS, ARTISTSDESIGN PROFESSIONALS
PLANNERS AND DEVELOPERS
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS
HUMAN / SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
STRATEGIES
1. Identify built environment research and an audit of current activity and capacity in SA. Strengthen leading and practice
relevant research areas with a balance between basic (long-term), applied (medium-term) and use-inspired (immediate-
term) research on design, social and technical levels. Develop a research road map for SA based on drivers, challenges
and opportunities.
2. Establish a built environment research alliance to act as the state’s built environment research peak body with a mandate
to facilitate the necessary collaborations and connections to drive intra-state and cross-border initiatives. Integrate this
built environment alliance with existing State Government frameworks, which aim to foster research alliances that are of
strategic importance for the state and for each of the recommendations of the residency.
3. Establish the necessary communication infrastructure and knowledge network to facilitate sharing of research and form
the basis for assessment of project success. Establish a requirement for post occupancy evaluations on all government
projects to form the basis for assessment and knowledge sharing.
FRAMEWORK
Integrated design is a method of
learning critical and strategic thinking
skills through observation and
understanding dif ferent systems which
are related in time and space. Design
education provides a context and
direct ‘learning by doing’ experience
by reading and understanding
landscapes. Emotional, physical and
intellectual learning takes place in the
context of laboratories, studios and
workshops to develop creativity and
foster cultural fluency.
DESIGN LITERACY Art / Design / Science
8. DESIGN EDUCATION AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
RECOMMENDATIONS108
FOUNDATION
Integrated design is an exploratory
discipline, distinct and yet synergised
with both art as an expressive
discipline and science as an
explanatory discipline. Integrated
design is a holistic and unique
approach that combines emotional,
physical and intellectual experiences
and learning.
INTELLECTUAL
HEAD
EMOTIONAL
HEART
PHYSICAL
HAND
SCIENCEDESIGN
EXPLORING EXPRESSING EXPLAINING
ART
TIM
E
SPACE
BE
GIN
NIN
G
EM
PA
TH
ET
ICIN
TE
RP
RE
TIV
EIN
TU
ITIV
E
INT
ER
ME
DIA
TE
C
RIT
ICA
LD
IALE
CT
ICL
AT
ER
AL
AD
VA
NC
ED
S
TR
AT
EG
ICS
YN
TH
ET
ICS
YS
TE
MIC
ART
DESIGN EXPLORINGEXPRESSING
EXPLAINING
SCIENCE
EMOTIONALINTELLECTUAL
PHYSICAL
RECOMMENDATIONS 109
RECOMMENDATION 8
Establish design as a core discipline of study at all levels — from early childhood development to tertiary level education. Develop design literacy programs for the public through direct experience learning models. Strengthen continuing professional development and up-skilling programs for industry. Develop expertise-based, integrated design practice—academy models.
DESIGN CENTRE
OF EXCELLENCE
INTEGRATED DESIGN STUDIO COURSES, MASTER CLASSES
EXCHANGE UPSKILLING AND RE-TRAINING CERTIFICATION AND PROGRAMS
CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, EXECUTIVE EDUCATION
INTEGRATED DESIGN BUILD AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AS DEMONSTRATION
EXPERTISE USE-INSPIRED BUILT ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH ALLIANCES
PRACTICE ACADEMIES
INTERACTIVE EXPERIENCE MAPS, EXPERT GUIDED STUDY TOURS
WEB-BASED RESOURCES WITH BLOG AND WIKI
CASE-EVIDENCE-PERFORMANCE BASED STUDIES OF BEST PRACTICES THROUGH MODELLINGEXPERIENCE
GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, VET
GOVERNMENT + UNIVERSITIES
GOVERNMENT + PROF ASSOCIATIO
NS
STEWARDSHIP
MENTORSHIP
LEADERSHIP
STRATEGIES
1. Establish an independent “Adelaide International Design Media Centre” modeled on the successful Australian Science
Media Centre Inc in South Australia, to deepen understanding of the value and values of design to society and future
prosperity.
2. Introduce design education in primary school education similar to the Montessori method, Reggio Emilia approach or the
Waldorf-Steiner educational system. Create a new category for the Premier’s Reading Challenge on the subjects of
architecture, art and design.
3. Produce web resources, direct experience design guides, maps and comprehensive case studies for the public. Develop
educational models fostering collaboration and interdisciplinary communication and an exchange of discipline related
knowledge and competencies, for industry and practice, from master classes and executive education to practice
academies.
FRAMEWORK
Integrated design engages all
stakeholders and end-users by
querying their patterns of perception,
needs and values, leading to greater
awareness and understanding of the
process and outcomes. Integrated
design is an enabling and proactive
approach to cultural development,
building from data and information, to
knowledge, research, education and
practice. At its core, integrated design
relies on direct experience and
professional expertise through various
stages of interaction.
CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT Inform / Consult / Collaborate
9. CONSULTATION MODELS AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
RECOMMENDATIONS110
FOUNDATION
Integrated design can act as an
effective and intelligent agent of
change by synthesising disparate
values, disciplines and goals which
could not be combined through
conventional narrow structures that
typify traditional organisations and
processes. Integrated design builds
awareness through informed debate,
reinforces understanding through
constructive engagement and
promotes action through consultation
with design professionals.
CULTURE
PRACTICE
EDUCATION
RESEARCH
KNOWLEDGE
INFORMATIONDATA
DIRECT EXPERIENCE
Participatory design charrettes
4D decision making simulation platform
Community consultation workshops
Laboratories with design experts
Field trips and study tours
Public debates and forumsAWARENESS
UNDERSTANDING
ABILITY
INTEGRATED DESIGN ADVISORY BOARDSINTEGRATED DESIGN STRATEGY PANELSINTEGRATED DESIGN ASSISTANCE TEAMS
COLLABORATEUNDERSTANDINGDESIGN ABILITY
AWARENESS
EXPOSEENGAGE
EM
PO
WE
R
two way active one way passive
INFORMCONSULT
RECOMMENDATIONS 111
RECOMMENDATION 9
As part of any integrated design program, build a comprehensive engagement framework,
consultation models and communications strategy using a wide variety of media aimed at
informing and empowering individuals, communities, industry and the public sector.
4D Decision Making Simulation
COLLABORATECONSULT INTERACTIVE
INFORM
EM
PO
WER
E
NG
AG
E EXP
OSE
FACE TO FACE
PRINT WEB / ELECTRONIC / TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Public Debates
Demonstrations
Field TripsStudy Tours
Focus Groups
Study Groups
Comm
unity Consultation
Workshops
Participatory Design
Charrettes
Interactive
Websites
Radio
Television
Touch Screens
Media FacadesSocial Networking
TextPublic H
otlines
Opinion Polls
Surveys
Social Networking
Image
ONE WAY PASSIVE ONE WAY PASSIVE TWO WAY ACTIVE
Publications
Media
Adve
rtis
ing
Mar
ketin
g
Civic Jo
urnalism
Envi
ronm
enta
l
Grap
hics
Inst
alla
tionsExh
ibiti
ons
Lectures
Public Hearings
Com
petit
ions
/
Chal
leng
es
Citiz
en J
urie
s
Expe
rt P
anel
s
Performances
Cultu
ral E
vent
s and
Fes
tivals
Foru
ms
Sympo
sia
Community
Advisory G
roups
Conferences
/
Congresse
s
STRATEGIES
1. Develop an engagement framework and communications strategies which are phased and appropriate to the available
levels of skill, capacity and scope of the problem. Map all forms of communication and media based on an assessment of cost, time and reach for dif ferent messages, populations and impact. Tailor campaigns to specific audiences. Ensure
feedback loops are in place at all levels and between all strategies as a way of building knowledge networks.
2. Build consultation models toward collaborative person-to-person participatory processes using design assistance teams
who provide advice and review of community-based and other projects.
3. Promote ans support interaction between the public and design professionals at every opportunity. Program design into
existing cultural events and festivals throughout the state.
market-driven supply (push) to human-centred needs (pull) homogeneous, hierarchical structures to diverse, lateral thinking models
linear, distinct methods to cyclical, iterative processesfirst cost based investment to mutual-benefit life-cycle value
accountability for quantity to responsibility for qualityindividual control and power to collaborative influence for the public
isolated, short-term political deals to consultative non-partisan decisionsexclusive, tactical and reactionary to inclusive, strategic and visionary
OBJECTS
SERVICES
SYSTEMS
STRATEGIES
DESIGN AS CULTURAL SHIFT
Styling
Journeys
Ecologies
Behaviours
policies
processes
performance
innovation
INtELLIGENCE INCENtIvE INvEstmENt
people place prosperity
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DESIGN DESIGN PLANNING DEVELOPMENT
CURRENT PARADIGM STRATEGIC DESIGN PARADIGM
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCI0-CULTURAL
EC
ON
OM
IC
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L
SO
CIO
-CU
LTU
RA
L
partnerships for public good and public space
CREATIVITY INNOVATION BUILDING COMMUNITY EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY
FUTURE DESIGN LEADERSHIP
GOVERNMENT
EUROPEAN / FEDERAL
PROVICIAL / REGIONAL / STATE
COMMUNITY / LOCAL / METROPOLITAN /MUNICIPAL
BUILT ENVIRONMENT ANDCREATIVE / CULTURAL / DEsIgN INDUsTRIEs BUSINESS + ENTERPRISE,
NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS, PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
PEAK BODIES
ADVOCACYGROUPS
ARCHITECTS LANDSCAPEARCHITECTS
URBANDESIGNERS
LIGHTING DESIGNERS
INDUSTRIALDESIGNERS
INTERIOR DESIGNERS
ALLIED ARTISTS /GRAPHIC DESIGNERS /FASHION DESIGNERS
EXHIBITION / EXPERIENCE DESIGNERS
communication /intERaction DESiGnERS
CONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTORS
ENGINEERS EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS
PLANNERS DEVELOPERS
CLIENTS / OWNErSPUBLIC / SOCIETYUSErS / OCCUPANTS
NATIONAL
INTERNATIONALUNIVERSITIES
STATE
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, INNOVATIONUNITS, RESEARCH CENTRES
RESEARCH CENTRES /INNOVATION AGENCIES
SERVICES
SERVICE DESIGNERS
FUTURE MODELS OF COLLABORATIONS
Tools
AnimationsimulationVisualisation
Processes
IntuitiveInterpretiveIterative
Knowledgecase–based
evidence–basedPerformance–based
Modes 0f ThInKIng
criticaldialecticlateral
reAlMs
experiential spatial Temporal
chArAcTerIsTIcs
strategic synergistic systemic
wAys of worKIng
collaborative creative Integrative
goVernMenTAl
drives creativity and Innovationfosters collaboration and communication
Influences effective Policies
enVIronMenTAl
creates liveable and safe communitiescontrols carbon emissions, eliminates waste
leverages resources effectively
econoMIc
elevates levels of efficiencygenerates Prosperity, Integrates ProcessesIncreases Productivity
socIo-cUlTUrAl
enhances cultural Identity, expands opportunitiesImproves Quality of life, Provides securityPromotes diversity. equity, Inclusion
DESIGN EXPERTISE
impact
research +resOUrces
collaborators + staKEHolDErs
ASPIRATIONS +chAlleNgeS
VAlUesempathetic
ethicalhuman-centred
FUTURE IMPACT
BEAUTY / aesthetics authentic, beautiful, memorable illuminating, imaginative, inspirational convenient, efficient, intuitive
COMMODITY / function affordable, liveable, sustainable competitive, productive, profitable durable, reliable, safe
FIRMNESS / structure accessible, equitable, inclusive adaptable, flexible, transformational ecological, regenerative, resilient
ECOLOGIES OF USE ||||| ECONOMIES OF
SCAL
E ||
||| IN
TEGRATION OF SYSTEMS |||||
REGIONSLANDSCAPESCITIES
PUBLIC SPACES
STREETSCAPES
BUILDINGS
COM
MUN
ITIE
SPR
ECIN
CTS
CORR
IDOR
S
INTERIORSPRODUCTS
SERVICES
PROCESSES
ENVIRONMENTS
SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCTION
MARKETS
Business Viability
Engineering Feasability
Design Usability
FUTURE MEASURES AND DESIGN VALUE
1. LEADER / VISIONARY
2. INNOVATOR / STRATEGIST
3. INTEGRATOR /COLLABORATOR
4. GOV DESIGNCOMMISSIONER/ CHIEF DESIGN OFFICER (CFO)
5. CONSULTANT / ENTREPRENEUR
6. POLICY-MAKER /POLITICAL ADVISOR
7. EDUCATOR /PRACTICE - BASED RESEARCHER 8.
ACTIVIST /PUBLIC ENABLER
9. ADVOCATE. PROMOTER
FUTURE DESIGNERS’ ROLES