Post on 03-Jan-2016
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Leadership & ManagementLeadership & Management
Discussion for Lesson 10:Discussion for Lesson 10:
Foundations of ControlFoundations of Control
Lesson 10Lesson 10Reading ObjectivesReading Objectives
1.1.The student will comprehend the concept of control.The student will comprehend the concept of control.
2.2. The student will comprehend the two approaches to The student will comprehend the two approaches to control.control.
3.3. The student will comprehend why control is important.The student will comprehend why control is important.
4. The student will comprehend the differences between 4. The student will comprehend the differences between the two types of control.the two types of control.
5. The student will comprehend the qualities of an effective 5. The student will comprehend the qualities of an effective control system.control system.
Lesson 10Lesson 10Discussion ObjectivesDiscussion Objectives
1.1. The student will comprehend the concept of The student will comprehend the concept of Control.Control.
2.2. The student will comprehend why Control is The student will comprehend why Control is important.important.
3.3. The student will comprehend the qualities of The student will comprehend the qualities of an effective Control System. an effective Control System.
4.4. The student will apply Control to him/herself.The student will apply Control to him/herself.
Concept of ControlConcept of Control
Process of monitoring activities to ensure they Process of monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and of are being accomplished as planned and of correcting any significant deviations. correcting any significant deviations. Entails taking corrective action to fix a Entails taking corrective action to fix a
problem or correct a deviation in performance. problem or correct a deviation in performance. Actual performance is compared to the Actual performance is compared to the
performance against a standard and performance against a standard and significant deviations are corrected. significant deviations are corrected.
Approaches to ControlApproaches to Control
There are two approaches to designing There are two approaches to designing organizational Control Systems:organizational Control Systems:
- Bureaucratic Control- Bureaucratic Control
- Clan Control- Clan Control
Most organizations do not rely solely on Most organizations do not rely solely on one of these approachesone of these approaches
Bureaucratic ControlBureaucratic Control
Emphasizes organizational authorityEmphasizes organizational authority Relies upon:Relies upon:
- Administrative Rules- Administrative Rules- Regulations- Regulations- Procedures- Procedures- Policies- Policies- Standardization- Standardization
Clan ControlClan Control
Emphasizes employee behaviors that are Emphasizes employee behaviors that are regulated by the following:regulated by the following:
- Shared Values- Shared Values- Norms- Norms- Traditions- Traditions- Rituals- Rituals- Beliefs- Beliefs
Importance of ControlImportance of Control
Control monitors whether objectives are Control monitors whether objectives are being accomplished as planned and being accomplished as planned and delegated authority is being properly used:delegated authority is being properly used:
Serves as the final link in the functional chain Serves as the final link in the functional chain of managementof management
Provides feedback on performance of Provides feedback on performance of subordinates to whom delegated authority has subordinates to whom delegated authority has been granted been granted
Types of ControlTypes of Control
Three Basic Types of ControlFeedback control:Control imposed after an action has occurred
Concurrent control:Control that occurs while an activity is in progress
Feedforward control:Control that prevents anticipated problems
Qualities of an Effective Qualities of an Effective Control SystemControl System
AccuracyAccuracy TimelinessTimeliness EconomyEconomy FlexibilityFlexibility UnderstandabilityUnderstandability
Reasonable criteriaReasonable criteria Strategic placementStrategic placement Emphasis on the Emphasis on the
exceptionexception Multiple criteriaMultiple criteria Corrective actionCorrective action
The Control ProcessThe Control Process
MeasuringMeasuring
- Personal Observation- Personal Observation
- Statistical Reports- Statistical Reports
- Oral Reports- Oral Reports
- Written Reports- Written Reports
What we measure is more important than What we measure is more important than how we measure.how we measure.
The Control Process (Cont.)The Control Process (Cont.)
ComparingComparing- Determines the - Determines the Degree of VariationDegree of Variation between actual performance and thebetween actual performance and the standardstandard
- - Range of VariationRange of Variation is the acceptable is the acceptable parameter of variance between actualparameter of variance between actual performance and the standardperformance and the standard
The Control Process (Cont.)The Control Process (Cont.)
Managerial Action:Managerial Action:
1.1. Correct the ActionCorrect the Action
- - Immediate corrective action – change activity at once Immediate corrective action – change activity at once to get performance back on trackto get performance back on track
- Basic corrective action – determine why performance - Basic corrective action – determine why performance deviated and correct the source of deviationdeviated and correct the source of deviation
2.2. Revise the StandardRevise the Standard- May be set too high- May be set too high
- May be set too low- May be set too low
Concepts of Control inConcepts of Control in Personal Life Personal Life
Discuss how concepts of Control may be Discuss how concepts of Control may be used in personal life.used in personal life.
““It’s Your Ship”It’s Your Ship”
Think Critically!!!Think Critically!!! There is There is alwaysalways another side to the story! another side to the story! Many good points and successesMany good points and successes CDR Abrashoff is a consultantCDR Abrashoff is a consultant ““It’s Your Ship” is a marketing toolIt’s Your Ship” is a marketing tool Not team-orientedNot team-oriented Make up your own mindMake up your own mind What potential problems do you see?What potential problems do you see? Now, the other side of the story…Now, the other side of the story…
That’s The Way We’ve Always Done It!That’s The Way We’ve Always Done It!
Tradition supports excellence and creates Tradition supports excellence and creates communitycommunity
The Navy/Marine Corps CultureThe Navy/Marine Corps Culture Bad habits do not support excellenceBad habits do not support excellence Leadership is not blindLeadership is not blind TTTWWADI is an excuse, not justificationTTTWWADI is an excuse, not justification Do not accept TTWWADIDo not accept TTWWADI
CurraheeCurrahee
Captain Sobel:Captain Sobel:- Poor Communicator- Poor Communicator- Unrealistic Expectations- Unrealistic Expectations- Ego-Centric- Ego-Centric- Sadistic- Sadistic
Effective?Effective?- Unwittingly developed team cohesion- Unwittingly developed team cohesion- Many credit him with their survival- Many credit him with their survival
Next ClassNext Class
Personality and Reflection as a Personality and Reflection as a Leadership ToolLeadership Tool
Read: Leadership and Management, Read: Leadership and Management, Chapter 11Chapter 11
SummarySummary
Control ensures planned activities are accomplished and Control ensures planned activities are accomplished and significant deviations are correctedsignificant deviations are corrected
Serves to monitor whether objectives are being Serves to monitor whether objectives are being accomplished and delegated authority is being properly accomplished and delegated authority is being properly usedused
Effective control systems are accurate, timely, Effective control systems are accurate, timely, economical, flexible, understandable, use reasonable economical, flexible, understandable, use reasonable criteria, have strategic placement, emphasize the criteria, have strategic placement, emphasize the exception, use multiple criteria and suggest corrective exception, use multiple criteria and suggest corrective
action.action.