Dr. Zaid Kasim Ghazzawi

Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering

How to learn Engineering Sciences Fully from The

Noble Qur’an?

How to learn Biomedical Engineering from the Noble Qur’an?

In the Name of Allah (God) Almighty the Most Gracious The Most Merciful

The Noble Qur’an (98: 2-3)

2. A Messenger (Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) from Allah (God) Almighty, reciting (the Qur‘an) purified pages.

3. Containing valuable books.

The Noble Qur’an contains valuable books, which contain: The best science in all branches of

knowledge

The optimal research methodology to derive knowledge

The best terminology to use to describe knowledge

Ph.D. Thesis: Study of the loading environment on human bone

Research in Biomedical Engineering

The Purpose of the Study

To determine the stress environment within bone during the healthy functioning of the skeleton

http://www.bartleby.com/107/127.html

(Tortora and Grawboski, 1996)

The Human Musculo-Skeletal System

Types of Loading on Structures

Flexural (bending) forces and resulting flexural stresses

Tensile forces and resulting tensile stresses

Compressive forces and resulting compressive stresses

The Purpose of the Study

To determine the stress environment within bone during the healthy functioning of the skeleton

Various studies have been done to understand bone biomechanics

For example (Oyen et al., 1996 and Hylander and Johns, 1991)

Wolff (beginning 1900s)

The end result to this date (2005) (more than 100 years) that the stress environment

within bone is unknown and the working hypothesis is that it is a mixture of tensile, compressive,

and flexural stresses

The Stress Environment of Bone in the Healthy Skeleton

What is the importance of knowing it ?

The Zygomatic Implant

Osseointegration

Titanium Screw

http://www.totalhipreplacement.net/index_frames.htm

Hip Implant

The importance of knowing the stress environment of bone in the healthy case

Knowing the optimal loading environment (tensile, compressive, or bending) to place bone in when designing prosthetic systems and parts

to be integrated within the human skeleton

How to determine the Stress Environment within Bone ?

Theoretical ModelDerived fully from the Noble Qur’an (Allah (God) Almighty last revelation to mankind)

In the Name of Allah (God) Almighty the Most Gracious The Most Merciful

The Noble Qur’an (55: 14)

14. Allah (God) Almighty created man from a sounding clay like that of pottery.

It is stated that Allah (God) Almighty created bones from a clay like material (i.e. a ceramic material)

Thus it can be concluded that bone should exhibit

from a mechanical point of view the behavior of a

ceramic material

Human Bone Ceramic Material

Stress-Strain curve for human bone Stress-Strain curve for a ceramic material

A ceramic material can be loaded in any one of these loading cases

Flexural (bending) forces and resulting flexural stresses

Tensile forces and resulting tensile stresses

Compressive forces and resulting compressive stresses

In the Name of Allah (God) Almighty the Most Gracious The Most Merciful

The Noble Qur’an (95: 4)

4. Allah (God) Almighty created man in an optimal form.

The optimal state for a ceramic material is the one in which it has maximum strength and stiffness

The only loading regime where a ceramic material has maximum

stiffness and strength is when it is loaded in a compressive stress

environment

Thus the conclusion from the Noble Qur’an is that bone should be loaded in a predominantly compressive state of stress during

healthy functioning of the skeleton

Creation of areas and volumes from previous

splines

x

y

z

42.0 ,29.0 ,22.0

GPa 9.5 GPa, 3.5

GPa 19 GPa, 13

zxyzxy

zxyzxy

zyx

vvv

GGG

EEE

3D element having 10 nodes and 3 DOF at each node(Solid92 in ANSYS ®)

x

y

z

A new method to test Biocompatibility (the acceptance or

rejection of the human body to foreign materials) as derived from

the Noble Qur’an

The Zygomatic Implant

Example on the use of Titanium

material in the human body

http://www.totalhipreplacement.net/index_frames.htm

Stainless steel implant

In The Name of Allah (God) The Most Compassionate The Most Merciful

The Noble Qur’an (71: 17)

Allah (God) Almighty states that He has grown humans from the earth exactly like plants

Thus the conclusion from this is that the bio-mechanisms active in plants are similar to those found in humans

And Allah (God) has grown you from the earth in a similar manner to plants.

Thus if a plant accepts a certain material then it can be concluded that the human body would accept it as well,

likewise, if a plant rejects a certain material then the body would reject it to

A cross section in a tree stemA cross section in a tree stem

WOODWOOD

BONEBONE

A cross section in human boneA cross section in human bone

http://biomedia.bio.purdue.edu/GenBioLM/GBActPotl/html/neuron_structure.html

Neural Cell in HumansNeural Cell in Humans

The Distribution of Branches and Roots in

Trees

The Distribution of Branches and Roots in

Trees

Perfect match between the function and structure of plant and human systems

System description In plants In human body

Structural Root, stem, and

branches

(Wood material)

The skeletal system

Feet, trunk, and arms

(Bone material)

Augmentary Plant leafs Human skin

Circulatory Water vessels Blood vessels

Protein factories Plant cells Human cells

Growth of Bone around Titanium Implant

Growth of Wood Material in and around A Titanium

Screw

Tree Response for The Insertion of A Titanium Screw within it

A perfect match is found between the growth of wood and bone

material in and around an object made of Titanium

Dr. Zaid Kasim Ghazzawi

E-mail: zaidquran@yahoo.com

Website: www.quran-miracle.com