Lectures in Macroeconomics- Charles W. Upton A First Look at Business Cycles.

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Lectures in Macroeconomics- Charles W. Upton

A First Look at Business Cycles

Business Failures Counter-Cyclical New Business Starts Pro-Cyclical Unemployment Counter-Cyclical Average Work Week Pro-Cyclical Average Wage Rate Pro-Cyclical Capital Utilization Pro Cyclical GDP Pro-Cyclical

A First Look at Business Cycles

Peaks and Troughs

Peak

Trough

These periods are caused Business Cycles

What Causes Them?And What Can

(or Should) Be Done About

Them?

A First Look at Business Cycles

Counter-Cyclical andPro-Cyclical Indicators

Business Failures Counter-Cyclical New Business Starts Pro-Cyclical Unemployment Counter-Cyclical Average Work Week Pro-Cyclical Average Wage Rate Pro-Cyclical Capital Utilization Pro Cyclical GDP Pro-Cyclical

A First Look at Business Cycles

The Labor Market

SSRSLR

D

H*

w*

A First Look at Business Cycles

A Temporary Demand Decrease

D’

SSRSLR

D

H’ H*

w*

w’

A First Look at Business Cycles

A Temporary Demand Decrease

D’

SSRSLR

D

H’ H*

w*

w’

Wages Down

Hours of Work Down

A First Look at Business Cycles

A Temporary Demand Decrease

D’

SSRSLR

D

H’ H*

w*

w’

Wages Down

Hours of Work Down

GDP = AKL(1- ) Down

A First Look at Business Cycles

A Temporary Demand Decrease

D’

SSRSLR

D

H’ H*

w*

w’

Wages Down

Hours of Work Down

GDP = AKL(1- ) DownObviously a temporary demand increase will

have the opposite effect

A First Look at Business Cycles

Counter-Cyclical andPro-Cyclical Indicators

Business Failures Counter-Cyclical New Business Starts Pro-Cyclical Unemployment Counter-Cyclical Average Work Week Pro-Cyclical Average Wage Rate Pro-Cyclical Capital Utilization Pro Cyclical GDP Pro-Cyclical

A First Look at Business Cycles

Counter-Cyclical andPro-Cyclical Indicators

Business Failures Counter-Cyclical New Business Starts Pro-Cyclical Unemployment Counter-Cyclical Average Work Week Pro-Cyclical Average Wage Rate Pro-Cyclical Capital Utilization Pro Cyclical GDP Pro-Cyclical

The model seems to fit the facts

A First Look at Business Cycles

A Productivity Increase

SSRSLR

D

H*

w*

A First Look at Business Cycles

A Productivity Increase

D’

SSRSLR

D

H* H’

w*w’

A First Look at Business Cycles

A Productivity Increase

D’

SSRSLR

D

H* H’

w*w’

Wages Up

Hours of Work Up

GDP = AKL(1- ) Up

A First Look at Business Cycles

A Productivity Increase

D’

SSRSLR

D

H* H’

w*w’

A First Look at Business Cycles

Counter-Cyclical andPro-Cyclical Indicators

Business Failures Counter-Cyclical New Business Starts Pro-Cyclical Unemployment Counter-Cyclical Average Work Week Pro-Cyclical Average Wage Rate Pro-Cyclical Capital Utilization Pro Cyclical GDP Pro-Cyclical

Now

Patience

A First Look at Business Cycles

Getting Going SSR

SLR

D

w

H

A First Look at Business Cycles

Patience SSR

SLR

D

w

H

A First Look at Business Cycles

Stimulation SSR

SLR

D

w

H

D`

A First Look at Business Cycles

Stimulation SSR

SLR

D

w

H

D`While there is

something to this graph, life is not that

simple

A First Look at Business Cycles

Stimulation SSR

SLR

D

w

H

D`While there is

something to this graph, life is not that

simple

The course is not over

A First Look at Business Cycles

End

©2004 Charles W. Upton. All rights reserved