LEFKANDI-[M.R._Popham IRENE LEMOS]_Lefkandi_III_(plates)_(Supplementary(BookZZ.org) (1).pdf

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LEFKANDI III THE TOUMBA CEMETERY The excavations of 1981, 1984, 1986 and 1992^1

PLATES

Compiled by M.R.POPHAM

with I.S.LEMOS

THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS 1996

ISBN 0 904887 27 8 Typeset and printed in Great Britain by Alden, Oxford, Didcot and Northampton

CONTENTS

Introduction v

Abbreviations ix

PLATES 1. Cemetery and Area Plans 1-5

2. Tomb and Pyre Plans 6-28

3. Views of Select Tombs and Pyres 29-37

4. Tomb and Pyre Contents 38-92

5. Pottery from Fills and Surface 92-98

6. Drawings of Select Vases and Figurines 99-110

7. Photographs of Select Vases and Fingurines 111-126

8. Drawings of Select Weapons and other Objects of Gold, Bronze, Iron, Faience, Amber and Stone 127-135

9. Photographs of Select Jewellery, Dress Fastenings, Weapons, Weights, and other Objects of Bronze, Iron, Faience, Amber and Stone 136-149

10. Shells, Cloth Impressions and Clay Objects 150-152

11. Additional Illustrations and Comparanda 153-159

12. Tables of Tomb Contents, Dating and Stratified Burials

PAGES Table of Contents 193-205

Coloured Chronological Plan of the Burials End piece

INTRODUCTION

The Toumba Cemetery was discovered accidentally in 1969 in the mistaken, but excusable, belief that the region was the location of the settlement in the Sub-Mycenaean and Early Protogeometric periods. After it was recognised as being a further burial ground, a limited area was excavated in 1970 when 36 tombs and 10 pyres were located and investigated. The results were published in 1989-90 in Lefkandi I.

At that stage it was not understood that the cemetery was situated around the east end of a large Middle Protogeometric building. That knowledge came only after the discovery and excavation of the building and of the mound constructed above it, which had given the region its present name.

Since those initial investigations, the cemetery has been extensively explored in six seasons, at first in continuation of the joint undertaking between the Greek Archaeological Service and the British School at Athens, and later in the final two seasons as a British School excavation. The Greek representative was Mrs. E. Touloupa in 1981 and Mr. P.G. Calligas in subsequent years. The British School appointed Mr. M.R. Popham as its representative throughout, with Mr. L.H. Sackett as his colleague in the first two years and later with Dr. D.E. Evely in 1993 and Dr. I.S. Lemos in 1994.

A break was taken after the 1981 season in order to publish the important discoveries ofthat year (in BSA 77). Operations were resumed in 1984 and continued in 1986 and 1992-4. The project was then concluded after the main aim of defining the limits of the burial ground had been largely achieved, so that efforts could be concentrated on the publication of the discoveries since 1981. These comprised a further 40 tombs and 19 pyres, bringing the total to 83 tombs and 34 pyres. With no claim to precision, it is estimated that this represents between 80-90% of all the burials within the cemetery.

The study for publication of the great quantity of resultant finds with their differing nature, rang- ing from vases to jewellery, dress fastenings and weapons, and including imports of various origins, is a considerable undertaking, requiring the expertise of a number of scholars. Inevitably this will take some time to coordinate and complete, especially since some of those involved already have previous commitments, and all, especially on the Greek side, have not the same amount of time available which they can devote to this purpose.

The importance of the findings at Toumba for an understanding of the Dark Age of Greece requires that some interim measure be taken beyond the preliminary reports already published to make the evidence available to scholars of this thinly documented stage. Accordingly, as was done in the case of Lefkandi I, it has been decided to issue in advance of the text a comprehensive volume of illustrations, the core of which is a photographic coverage of each burial deposit in scaled

vi INTRODUCTION

reproductions, repeating, in the interests of a consolidated account, those published earlier in BSA 77.

This is supplemented by drawings and photographs of select objects at a larger scale. Plans of the cemetery, its location and of each tomb are placed at the beginning, together with views of some of the more interesting deposits in situ. To provide some additional information, the captions to the Plates have on occasions been expanded and illustrations cross-referenced in the Table of Contents at the end. The small section of comparanda, consisting of a selection of the more important material, has been included for ease of reference, in anticipation of the Text Volume.

Finally, as in Lefkandi I, Tables are appended which take into account all the burials in the cemetery, and give their suggested dates, as well as listing the contents of each. Furthermore a diagram is provided setting out the evidence for stratified burials.

Pending the publication of the Text Volume, information about the excavations and some comment on them is available in a number of sources. BSA 11 may be consulted for a study of the various aspects of the burials up to the end of the 1981 season. For later years, summary accounts are given in AR though that in no. 35 (1988-9), 117-29, contains a more comprehensive, illustrated report on the excavations of 1984 and 1986, with some changes of previous opinion. An account in Greek covering the 1981-4 seasons has been given by Mr. P.G. Calligas in Journal ofEuboean Studies (1984- 5), 253-69.

In recent years, studies have been published on a few of the most important finds and their context: the pictorial pyxis, Square XIV,3 (PLATE 94), in 'An Early Euboean Ship', OJA 6 (1987), 353- 9, and by Mr. P.G. Calligas, 'Early Euboean Ship Building', Tropis II, 77-83; the engraved bronze bowl, Tomb 70,18 (PLATE 133) in an article of that name, OJA 14 (1995), 103-7 by Mr. M.R. Popham, who with Dr. I.S. Lemos also considered the contents and significance of Tomb 79 in A Euboean Warrior Trader', OJA 14 (1995), 151-7

More comprehensively, the Near Eastern and other imports, and their implications for early Euboean enterprise abroad, have been considered in Chapter 2 'Precolonisation: Early Greek Contacts with the East' by Mr. M.R. Popham in The Archaeology of Greek Colonisation, Essays dedicat- ed to Sir John Boardman ed. G.R. Tsetskhladze and E De Angelis (Oxford 1994).

Gratitude should be expressed to a great number of people, by no means all mentioned below, who have contributed throughout the years to the illustrations contained in this volume.

The late Mr. David Smyth, the School's honorary surveyor, prepared the basis for the plans of the cemetery, the layout of the trenches and the general area of the burial grounds. In the earlier years, he also plotted each tomb, while cover slabs and deposits were drawn by various members of the excavation teams. Of these particular mention should be made of the complex ones of Tomb 49 and its section (PLATES 11-13), and of the horse burials in Tomb 68 (PLATE 22), by Dr. D.E.

Evely, who also made the final drawing of them, and of Tomb 80 planned by Mr. Rie Tyler (PLATE 27).

Miss Susan Bird drew nearly all the many vases and other objects up to 1991, including the out- standing drawing of the engraved bronze bowl, no. 28, in Tomb 55 (PLATE 133), and the reconstruction of the Attic crater, no. 16, from Pyre 14 (PLATE 110).

INTRODUCTION vii

Mrs. Alison Wilkins of the Institute of Archaeology at Oxford contributed over many years final drawings of a great number of the tracings made in Eretria Museum by Dr. D. Evely, Dr. Colin Macdonald, Dr. Eleni Hatzakis and by Mr. M.R. Popham, who drew the reconstruction of the large local crater, no. 12, from Tomb 79 (PLATE 106). Not least, she also produced the charts of tomb and pyre contents and their layout.

The photographs were, in general, taken by Mr. M.R. Popham, who also made many of the final enlargements, greatly assisted by Mr. R. Wilkins and his staff in the Photographic Department of the Institute of Archaeology at Oxford. Some others were taken, or provided, by Mr. L.H. Sackett, Dr. D. Evely and Mr. P.G. Calligas.

Mr. L.H. Sackett, before his involvement in major excavations at Palaikastro, was co-director and one of the authors of the report in BSA 77. He continued to give valuable assistance in subsequent seasons. Special thanks are due to Dr. Evely for great help in organising and arranging the plates, in checking inventory numbers and providing several last minute drawings to add to the many he had contributed at an earlier stage.

Finally, Dr. I.S. Lemos made a major contribution to the preparation of this volume, especially in the selection of vases for illustration and in advising on chronology.

On this subject, we both have found considerable problems in following the phases established by Desborough in Leflcandi I, which were largely based on the Attic series and the occurrence of Attic imports in local contexts. It may be that, with all the new material, it would be better to define stages with greater regard for local innovations and developments. Meanwhile, however, we have adhered, for the most part, to his criteria, adding a stage SPG Ilia to distinguish it from that following the abandonment of the known cemeteries, which we now call SPG Illb.

The terminology we have adopted, explained in the Abbreviations, reflects our difficulties, in that we have not infrequently allowed a span of phases to allow for our unease about greater cer- tainty. This is not surprising since some of these stages have been allotted a mere 25 years which is a probably over-optimistic attempt at precision for this period.

Mervyn Popham

ABBREVIATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Annuario Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene AR Archaeological Reports BSA Annual of the British School at Athens BSA 11 'Further Excavations of the Toumba Cemetery at Lefkandi,

1981', by M.R. Popham, E. Touloupa and L.H. Sackett, BSA 11 (1982) 213-248

OJA Oxford Journal of Archaeology Tropis 2nd International Symposium of the Hellenic Institute for the

Preservation of Nautical Tradition, Delphi 1987 Lefkandi I Lefkandi I, the Iron Age, Text and Plate volumes LK' (1979-80) ed. by M.R. Popham, L.H. Sackett and with P.G.

Calligas

CHRONOLOGY

MPG Middle Protogeometric LPG Late Protogeometric SPG Sub-Protogeometric

I Phase I roughly equated with Attic Early Geometric I (EG i)

II Phase II roughly equated with Attic Early Geometric II (EG II)

Ilia Phase Ilia roughly equated with Attic Middle Geometric la (MG la)

Illb Phase Illb roughly equated with Attic Middle Geometric Ib-II (MG Ib-II) A hyphen between Phases signifies a stage within the range of those phases

/ An oblique stroke between Phases signifies the borderline between two phases

DIMENSIONS

cms centimetres m. metres L. length Ht. height D. diameter

Plates 1-5

CEMETERY AND AREA PLANS

Plate 1

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Plate 2

Cemetery area showing the location of the Toumba building and burial ground

Plate 3

THE TOUMBA CEMETERY ( , ' LEFKANDI ! . ' ìr^n' I

' ' ' 0- _ - - - ? 10 Metres ̂

- I I , '

ü ° TT^ri CED • R

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Plan of the Toumb cemetery after the 1992 season's excavation

Plate 4

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Plate 5

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Trench plan of the Toumba cemetery

Plates 6-28

TOMB AND PYRE PLANS

Plate 6

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Ko)*3 / TOMB 38 I ^37 V I v ««/>« y i 56 /

^ ̂ '' A" ''''^N'''''' NW a''V- ^ 4 <: J!ï' 5 I Cutting for

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Pyre 11

l^^^^^^^f 1 " 23 °8 OiO10 1 N^''''''''''''''''''''''y; n^ } - f^. J 12 11 ^

liiliiliSiP L v !!^î w J Plans of Tombs 38 and 39. Scale 1:20

Plate 7

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1°f>^ J? Tomb 4 3 h _: K

^^7--^^^' TOMB 40 V| ^rr^ ^^»Ji 1 >^

^2^^xN^^^^^^^ TOMB 41

TOMB 42

,(^ Cutting for Tomb 44

Plans of Tombs 40-42. Scale 1:20

Plate 8

Plans of Tombs 43 and 44, and Pyres 11 and 13. Scale 1:20

Plate 9

Plans of Toumbs 45, 46 and 48. Scale 1:20

Plate 10

Plans of Tombs 47 and 52. Scale 1:20

Plate 11

Plan of Tomb 49; primary burial. Scale as shown

Plate 12

Plan of Tomb 49 showing the primary burial partly overlaid by a subsequent mud-brick wall, and the later burial shaft with two vases in the fill. Scale as shown

Plate 13

Tomb 49; east-west section across the south end of the shaft at the point indicated on Plate 11. Scale as shown.

Plate 14

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Plate 15

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Plate 16

Plan of Tombs 57 and 58. Scale 1:20

Plate 17

Plan of Tomb 59. Scale 1:20

Plate 18

Plans of Tombs 60, 66 and 69. Scale 1:20

Plate 19

Plans of Tombs 62a, 62b and 63. Scale 1:20

Plate 20

Plans of Tomb 64 and Pyres 14 and 15. Scale 1:20 except details of Pyre 14 deposit

Plate 21

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Plate 22

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Plate 23

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Plate 24

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Plate 25

Plans of Tombs 73, 76 and 77. Scale 1:20

Plate 26

Plans of Tombs 78, and of 79, its shaft and side niche. Scales, T.78 near 1:25; T.79, shaft at 1:20, niche at 1:6

Plate 27

Plans of Tomb 80 floor deposit. Scale 1 : 12

Plate 28

Plans of Tomb 80, cover slabs, and Tombs 81-83. Scale 1:20

Plates 29-37

VIEWS OF SELECT TOMBS AND PYRES

Plate 29

[a-b ) Tomb 39, cover slabs and floor deposit; (c-d ) Tomb 42, floor deposit and details

(a) Tomb 46, floor deposit; (b) Tomb 48, cover slabs; (c-d) Tomb 58, shaft and pit with burial urn and sword

Plate 30

Plate 31

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Plate 32

Tomb 49, (a) amphora and jug in fill above secondary burial; (b) wood dust surround of later burial; (c-d ) wood remains of coffin of earlier burial

Plate 33

(a ) Tomb 54, floor deposit; (b-d ) Tomb 63, floor deposit and details

Plate 34

(a) Tomb 62a, floor deposit and mid-brick surround; (b) Tomb 59, heap of vases at west end of shaft; floor deposit (c) of Tomb 71, and (d ) of Tomb 74

Plate 35

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Plate 36

(a ) Tomb 73, slit-like lower compartment of shaft; (b ) Tomb 78, bronze vase in position on floor; (c) Tomb 79, the side niche and its deposit

Plate 37

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oc Xi s

Plates 38-91

TOMB AND PYRE CONTENTS

Plate 38

-2 e S "e o u

Plate 39

Tomb 38, contents (part). Scales 1:3 for nos. 23-9, and 1:2 for nos. 43-54

Plate 40

Tomb 38, contents (remainder); scale 1:1 except no. 56. Tomb 39 contents (part); 1:2 for nos. 24-7, 29, 44 and 45, 1:3 for no. 23 and 2:5 for no. 28

Plate 41

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Plate 42

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Plate 43

Tomb 39, contents (remainder). Scales 1:2 for nos. 32-4, 36 and 38-43; 1:3 for nos. 31 and 35; 2:3 for no. 37, and 1:6 for no. 30

Plate 44

Tomb 40, contents. Scales 1:3 for nos. 1-14; 1:2 for nos. 15, 20 and 22-3; 2:3 for nos. 16 and 19

Plate 45

Plate 46

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Plate 47

Tomb 44, contents. Scales 1:3 for nos. 1-7 and 1:2 for nos. 8-9. Pyre 11/12, contents (part). Scales 1:3 for nos. 1-3 and 1:6 for nos. 4-5

Plate 48

Pyre 13, contents (remainder). Scales 1:2 for nos. 1-3 and 9-10; 1:3 for nos. 4-8 and 11

Plate 49

(A) from Pyre 11/12. (B) surface sherds from Square XII. (C) and (D) Pyre 13, contents (part). (E) surface sherds from Square XIII. Scale of (D) 1:3; remainder as shown

Plate 50

Tomb 45, contents (part). Scale 1:3

Plate 51

Tomb 45, contents (remainder). Scales, of vases 1:3, rest 2:3 except no. 35 as shown

Plate 52

Plate 53

Top: Tomb 46, contents (remainder). Scales: vases 1:3, rest 2:3 except no. 27 as shown. Bottom: Tomb 47, contents (part). Scale 1:3

Plate 54

Top: Tomb 47, contents (remainder). Scale 2:3. Bottom: Tomb 48, contents (part). Scale 1:3

Plate 55

Tomb 48, contents (remainder). Scales: vases 1:3, rest 1:2

Plate 56

Tomb 49, contents. Scales: no. 1 at 1:4, no. 2 at 1:3, nos. 3-6 at 1:1, nos. 8-9 at 2:3 and no. 11 as shown

Plate 57

Top: Tomb 50, contents. Scales: vase 1:6, weapons 1:2. Bottom: Tomb 51, contents (part). Scale 1:3

Plate 58

Tomb 51, contents (remainder). Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 from tomb fill. Scales: vases and model 1:3, rest 1:2

Plate 59

Top: Tomb 52 contents. Scales: vases and no. 5 1:3, rest at 1:2 Bottom: Tomb 54, contents (part). Scale 1:3

Plate 60

Plate 61

Top: Tomb 54, contents (remainder). Scales: nos. 29, 30, 31 and 32 at 1:2, rest at 1:3. Bottom: Tomb 55, contents (part). Scales: nos. 1-2 at 1:4; no. 4 at 1:3

Plate 62

Tomb 55, contents (part). Scales: vases at 1:3, fibulae at 1:2

Plate 63

Top: Tomb 55, contents (remainder). Scales: no. 32 at 1:3, rest as shown. Bottom: Tomb 57, contents. Scales: vases at 1:3, fìbula at 1:2

Plate 64

Plate 65

Plate 66

Tomb 59, contents (part). Scales: vases, fibulae, pin and faience vases 1 :3, jewellery, and faience ring 1:3 and scarab at 2:3

Plate 67

Top: Tomb 56, contents (remainder). Scales as shown. Bottom: Tomb 58, Tomb 60, Tomb 61 and Tombs 62a and b, contents. Scale 1:3 except Tomb 58 amphora at 1:6.

Plate 68

Tomb 63, contents (part). Scales: vases 1 :3, jewellery, nos. 13-17 1:2

Plate 69

Top: Tomb 63, contents (remainder). Scale 1:3 except no. 33 as shown. Bottom: Tombs 64, 66 and 69, contents. Scales: vases 1:3, fibulae 2:5, and T.64, 2-9 as shown

Plate 70

Tomb 70, contents (part). Scales: vases, nos. 1 and 3, 1:3; no. 2 1:4; bronzes, no. 17 as shown, no. 18 2:5 and no. 20 3:4; jewellery and pins, nos. 4-5, 8-16 and 27-8 at 2:3

Plate 71

Top: Tomb 70, contents (remainder). Scales: nos. 3, 6 and 7 as shown, rest, 2:3. Bottom: Tomb 71, contents (part). Scale 1:3.

Plate 72

Top: Tomb 71, contents (remainder). Scales: vases 1:3; no. 17 3:2; no. 18 1:1; nos. 19 and 20 2:3. Bottom: Tomb 74, contents (part). Scale 1:3 except figurines, nos. 11 and 12 1:2

Plate 73

Top: Tomb 74, contents (remainder). Scales: jewellery nos. 18-34 and 39 1:2, bronzes nos. 35-38 1:2, nos. 13-17 and 40 as shown. Bottom: Tomb 75, contents. Scales: nos. 1-3 1:2 and no. 5 1:3

Plate 74

Top: Tomb 78, contents. Scales: vases 1:3, jewellery nos. 8-14 2:3, nos. 6 and 12 as shown. Bottom: Tomb 79, contents (part). Stone weights. Scale as shown

Plate 75

Plate 76

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I I Si

Plate 77

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Plate 78

Tomb 79A (shaft fill), and 79B (niche) contents (part). Scales: Bl (cauldron) 1:3, B2, B9, B10-11 1:3, rest as shown

Plate 79

Tomb 79A and B, contents (remainder). Scales: A10-11 1:3, A12-13 as shown, B3, A16-7, A2, A15, B5, B4 and A2 1:1, B6 as shown

Plate 80

Plate 81

Plate 82

Plate 83

Plate 84

Plate 85

Tomb 80, contents (remainder). Scales: no. 50 2:3; nos. 51-6 and nos. 62-3 1:1; nos. 57-9 and 68 1:2; rest as shown.

Plate 86

Pyre 14, contents (part). Scale 1:3

Plate 87

Pyre 14, contents (part). Scales, pottery as shown, bronzes nos. 17, 18 and 20 1:2

Plate 88

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-M tí O o

Plate 89

Contents of Pyre 19, a possible Pyre 21 and Pyre 23 (part). Scale 1:3

Plate 90

Pyre 23, contents (remainder). Fragments of Attic vases. Scale near 1:2

Plate 91

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if ^ I OÍ J3

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t>T CN

Plates 92-98

POTTERY FROM FILLS AND SURFACE

Plate 92

Top: Contents of Pyres 33 and 34. Scale 1:3. Bottom: Trench XVI, 14, fragments of an Attic pyxis. Scale 1:3

Plate 93

Pottery from Square XVI (part). Scale 1:4

Plate 94

Pottery from Square XVI (part). Scale 1:4

Plate 95

Pottery from Square XVI (remainder). Scales: no. 16 1:3, rest as shown

Plate 96

Pottery and two fibulae from Tomb and Pyre fills, (a) Tomb 61, (b) Pyre 17, ( c-d) Tomb 51, ( e-f)' region of Tomb 61-19, (g) Pyre 20. Scales; ( e-f) 2:3, (g) 1:2, rest as shown

Plate 97

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Plate 98

X + > ><

I X X <J

ä I o

Plates 99-110

DRAWINGS OF SELECT VASES AND FIGURINES

Plate 99

Select vases, Kalathoi, cups, skyphoi and kantharos. T. 45,13 (SPG 1), T.63,6 (LPG), T.45,25 (SPG I), T.40,13 (LPG/SPG I), Pyre 28,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.48,4 (LPG), Pyre 28,1 (LPG/SPG I), T.79A,3 (SPG II), T.47,3 and 4 (SPG II), T.59,1 (LPG/SPG ),

T.45,27 (SPG I). Sacie 1:3

Plate 100

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Ò Plh

°ì ctT IO

!í sfa' HS

aï CO

1 G <v 'S Ä

Plate 101

Select vases. Pedestalled skyphoi and shallow bowls with single or double handles. T.80,2 (SPG II/IIIa), T.74,8 (SPG Ilia), Pyre 23 (SPG Ilia), Sq. XVI,9 = ?Pyre 21 (SPG II/IIIa), T.80,15,23 and 25 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 1:3

Plate 102

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O ä 1 00

O ã oo cn" ^* H I 'E.

Plate 103

2 <£> T3 S < Η'

<υ "cö Ή. <υ

1 'S ä

Plate 104

Select vases. Jugs, feeding bottle, jar, lekythos, small hydriai and flask. T.45,5 (SPG I), T.42,7 (LPG or SPG I), T.48,9 (LPG), T.45,4 (SPG I), T.63,9 (LPG), T.74,2 (SPG Ilia), T.45,3 (SPG I), T.40,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.46,13 (LPG), Pyre 23,1 (SPG Ilia).

Scale 1:3

Plate 105

Select vases. Pyxides, jar and coarseware amphora. T.38,1 (SPG Il-IIIa), T.51,14 and 15 (SPG I), T.46,9 (LPG), T.51,22 (SPG I), T.83,1 (SPG I-II). Scale 1:3 except T.83,1 at near 1:4

Plate 106

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î i ■s

I 1 Έ Ο

Plate 107

Select vases. Red Slip ware, T.39.7 (LPG), T.41,6 (LPG/SPG I). Shallow bowl, T.71,5 (LPG). Trays, T.46,6 (LPG) and T.45,28 (SPG I). Handmade, incised ware; T.59,25, omitting its complex decoration, (LPG/SPG), figurines from T.74, 11

and 12, decoration somewhat restored, (SPG Ilia). Pictorial representations, Sq. XVI (SPG Ilia). Scale of vases and figurines 1 :3

Plate 108

Select handmade vases. Coarse wares, T.41,12, an import from N. Greece, (LPG/SPG I), cooking pots T.47,8 (SPG II), T.38,13 and 14 (SPG II-IIIa). Burnished black ware, T.39,18 (LPG), T.63,12 (LPG), T.54,25 (LPG), T.54,24 (LPG),

T.46,17 (LPG). T.80,30, an import?, (SPG Ilia). Scale 1:3

Plate 109

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«ο ■g S Ο οΓ

it ■Si β«

j£ |s ás

il §^ υ ο-.

Ο ^ PL, -u

io ^ _ ο ^o Oh (U

Plate 110

Select Attic imports. Pyxis from Sq. XVI, 14 (MG I) Ht. 58.0; crater from Pyre 14,16 (MG I) Ht. 47.5, both reconstructed in drawing from sherds

Plates 111-126

PHOTOGRAPHS OF SELECT VASES AND FIGURINES

Plate 111

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ST 55-

Plate 112

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Sã sag

es ̂ < o^O oo p., Hcç ■vTO

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Plate 113

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■s 1 s (C

I I C/3

Plate 114

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S Ο PH

of μ g Ο Pk c/5 ' O Ph

cri IO

I Ä <υ ci >

Plate 115

Select vases. Kalathoi and cups, (a) T.59,3 (LPG/SPG), (b) T.45,6 (SPG I), ( c) T.54,8 (LPG), (d) T.62B,1 (MPG), ( e) T.40,13 (LPG/SPG !),(/) T.62A,! (LPG), (g) T.69,1 (LPG-SPG Π), ( Ä) T.48,4 (LPG II)). Scale 1:2

Plate 116

î g CS

£ »Ci

î 1 I

Plate 117

Select vases. Amphoriskoi, oenochoe and small hydriai. (a) T.41,5 (LPG/SPG I); ( b) T.54,12 (LPG); ( c) T.46,15 (LPG); (d) T.57,3 (LPG) and ( e) T.45,3 (SPG I). Scale 1:2

Plate 118

Select vases. Pyxides, lekythos and squat oenochoe. (a) T.59,7 (LPG/SPG); ( b ) T.63,7 (LPG); ( c) T.54,15 (LPG); ( d) T.80,39 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 1:2

Plate 119

Select vases. Flasks, hydria and jar. ( a) T.40,1 (LPG/SPG I); ( b) Pyre 23,1 (SPG Ilia); ( c) T.74,2 (SPG Ilia) and ( d ) T.52,1 (SPG I-II). Scale 1:2 except ( a) at near 1:3

Plate 120

Select vases. Black burnished ware, red slip, and handmade and incised grey burnished. ( a) T.45,30 (SPG I); (b) T.39,15 (LPG); ( c) T.41,6 (LPG/SPG I); ( d) T.39,5 (LPG) and ( e) T.74,11 (SPG Ilia). Scale 1:2

Plate 121

u CM CS CO ^

ai 2 aj co

15 ïî 11 S H

Plate 122

5r co H "î

1 »«a

°3 So T3 A

f -a co

1 O Oh

Plate 123

S o ^t cf 00 H "ZT

1 ST â 2" 2

I > CU

Plate 124

Ò â to" to

I ! CD

Plate 125

Select vases. Imported wares. ( a) burnished coarseware jug with cut-away neck T.41,12 (context LPG/SPG I), ( b) tortoise figurine in burnished black/gray ware and incised T. 74,12 (SPG Ilia context), ( c) pendent burnished black ware

with impressed decoration T.40,15 (LPG/SPG I context), ( d ) Cypriot White Painted juglet T.79A,12 (SPG II context), ( e) Phoenician bichrome jug T.79A,10 (SPG II context), ( / ) Cypriot Black-on-Red juglet T.79A,13 (SPG II context).

Scale 1:2

Plate 126

Select vases. Figurines, models and ship depiction, {a) T.51,3 (fill) Attic (LPG), (b) T.39,21 (LPG), ( c-d) T.41,2 (LPG/SPG I), ( e) central panel on pyxis Square XVI,3 (SPG Ilia), ( / ) T.38,33 (SPG II/IIIa). Scales ( a) 1:3, ( b-d ) and ( / ) 1:2

Plates 127-135

DRAWINGS OF SELECT WEAPONS AND OBJECTS OF GOLD, BRONZE, IRON,

FAIENCE, AMBER AND STONE

Plate 127

Select weapons: swords, dirks and knives. T.79B,8 (SPG II), T.60,1 (?), Pyre 14,20 (SPG Ilia), Pyre 13,4 SPG II), T.54,32 (LPG), Pyre 31,1-2 (SPG Ilia), T.54,32 (LPG), T.50,4 (LPG-SPG I). Scale: 1:3 except the two knives at 1,2. Pyre 13,4 of bronze,

the remainder of iron.

Plate 128

Select weapons and implements: spears, axe/adzes, arrowheads and whetstone. T.79B,9 (SPG II), T.50,3 (LPG-SPG I), T.39,33 (LPG), Pyre 13,1 and 2 (SPG II), T.79A,14 and B,12 (SPG II), T.80,5 (SPG II/IIIa), Pyre 35 (?). Of iron except

arrowhead T.79A,14 of bronze, and whetstone T.80,5. Scale 1:3

Plate 129

Cauldron and select fibulae, of bronze. T.79B,1 (SPG II), T.54,30 (LPG), T.63,36 (LPG), T.44,8 and 9 (LPG), T.74,36 and 37 (SPG Ilia), T. 70,23 and 25 (LPG), T.46,23 (LPG), T.38,43 (SPG II-IIIa). Scale: 1:2 except cauldron at 1:3

Plate 130

Select pins, pendent, beads, bracelet and earring. T.49,5+9 and 7+11+14 (MPG-LPG), region of T.61,3 (?), T.61,2 (undated), T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), T.70,27 (LPG), T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), T.60,2 (?), T.45,33 (SPG I),

T.47,21 (SPG II), T.40,18 (LPG/SPG I), T.47,27 (SPG II), T.79A,15 (SPG II). Scale: 2:3 except T.47,27 at 1:2

Plate 131

Discs of gold foil from T.63 (LPG) restored in drawing. Scale 1:1

Plate 132

Select bronze vessels. T.42,17 (LPG or SPG I), T.47,18 (SPG II), T.39,31 (LPG), T.74,35 (SPG Ilia), T.55,29 (LPG/SPG I) and T. 78,14 (SPG II). Scale 1:3

Plate 133

Engraved Near Eastern bronze bowl, T.55,28 (LPG/SPG I). Scale as shown

Plate 134

Engraved Near Eastern bronze bowl, T.70,18 (LPG). D. of rim 15.0 cms

Plate 135

Select finds of faience, stone and clay. Finger rings of faience, T.39,37 (LPG), T.59,35 (LPG/SPG) and T.80,62 (SPG II/IIIa). Seal of faience, T.46,26 (LPG). Scarab of faience, T.59,36 (LPG/SPG I). Pendents of faience, T.45,34 (SPG I) and T.51,6 (SPG I). Near Eastern cylinder seal of ?haemetite, T.79A,20 (SPG II). Clay object, T.49,9 (MPG-LPG). Faience bowls, T.59,37 (LPG/SPG) and T.51,31 (SPG I). Scales: rings, seal and head pendent 3:2, droplet pendent

and cylinder seal 1:1, scarab 2:1, clay object and faience bowls 1:2

Plates 136-149

PHOTOGRAPHS OF SELECT JEWELLERY, DRESS FASTENINGS, WEAPONS, WEIGHTS AND OTHER

OBJECTS OF BRONZE, IRON, FAIENCE, AMBER AND STONE

Plate 136

Select jewellery. Gold pendents, beads and earrings; gilt lead coil. ( a) T.38,39 (SPG II-IIIa), ( b) T.59,26 (LPG/SPG), ( c) T.38,41 (SPG II-IIIa), (d) T. 74,32 (SPG Ilia),

(e) T.80,57 (SPG II/IIIa), (/) T.59,28 (LPG/SPG), (g) T.43,1 (undated), ( h) T.71,17 (LPG), ( i) T.75,3 (undated), ( ;) T.63,18-24 (LPG), (k) T.80,59 (SPG II/IIIa).

Scale 3:2 except ( i ) at near 1:1

Plate 137

Select jewellery. Gold finger-ring, bead and discs; gilt bracelet, (a) T.80,50 (SPG II/IIIa), (b) T. 74,33 (SPG Ilia), (c) T.47,15 (SPG II), (d-g) T.63,26-27, 2Sa-b (LPG). Scales, (a-c) 1:1; (</-g) 3:2

Plate 138

Select jewellery. Gold 'attachments', {a) T.42,11 (LPG or SPG I), (b) T.54,29 (LPG), (c-d ) T.39,24-5 (LPG), (e) f. 78,9 (SPG II), (/ ) and ( g) T.42,14 and 15 (LPG or SPG I), (Ã) T.47,11 (SPG II), (i ) T. 78,14 (SPG II), (j ) T.48,18 (LPG).

Scale 1:1

Plate 139

Select finds. Pins of gilt iron, iron, and bronze; bronze earring; beads of amber and lead; other objects of bronze and clay. ( a) T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), ( b) T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), ( c) T. 70,28 (LPG), ( d ) T.49,9 (MPG-LPG), ( e) T.60,2 (undated),

( / ) T.54,35 (LPG), (g) area of T.61,2 (undated), (h) area of Pyre 19,3 (undated), ( i-j ) T.79,B4 and A15 (SPG II), ( k) T.45,33 (SPG !),(/) T.45,36 (SPG I), ( m) T.47,21 (SPG II), ( n) T.47,27 (SPG II). Scale near 1:1

Plate 140

Select fibulae of bronze, (a) T.44,8 (LPG), ( b) T.55,30 (LPG/SPG I), ( c) T.38,44 (SPG Il-IIIa), (d) T.38,43 (SPG II-IIIa), ( e) T.39,32 (LPG), ( / ) T.80,65 (SPG II/IIIa), (g) T.54,30 (LPG), ( h) T.54,31 (LPG), ( i ) T.48,20 (LPG), ( ; ) T.74,36

(SPG Ilia), (k) Pyre 27,1 (SPG Ilia). Scale 2:3 except (d ) at 1:2 and ( / ) at 1:1

Plate 141

Faience vases and plaque, (a) T.42,20 (LPG or SPG I), (b-c) and ( f-h ) T.39,40,42,39 and 38 (LPG), ( d-e) T.59,37-8 (LPG/SPG). Scale 2:3 except ( d ) at 1:2

Plate 142

Select finds of faience, glass and stone, (a-c) finger rings, ( d ) and ( g) seals, ( e) scarab, ( / ) and ( h) pendents, ( i ) cylinder seal and ( /-/ ) beads, (a) T.39,37 (LPG), ( b) T.59,35 (LPG/SPG), (c) T.80,62-3 (SPG II/IIIa),

( d ) T.46,26 (LPG), ( e) T.59,36 (LPG/SPG), (f) T.45,34 (SPG I), (g) T.38,55 (SPG II-IIIa), { h) T.52,6 (SPG I-II), ( i) T.79,A19 (SPG II), (j ) T.47,26,25,24 (SPG II), ( k ) T.42,22 (LPG or SPG I), ( / )T.70,30 (LPG).

Scale 3:2 except ( h-k) at 1:1 and ( e) at 2:1

Plate 143

Select bronze vases, (a) T.42,17 (LPG or SPG I), ( b) T.47,18 (SPG II), (c) T.78,14 (SPG II), {d ) T.74,35 (SPG Ilia), ( e) T.39,31 (LPG), ( f-h ) T.70,17 and 20 (LPG). Scale 2:3 except ( c) at near 1:2

Plate 144

o 00 CS

I 6 hi

O Ph O)

00 °i LO H

î i e

Plate 145

Engraved Near Eastern bronze bowl, T.70,18 (LPG). D. of rim, 15.0 cms

Plate 146

1 S io

g* O PLH

o Ph c^ 00

s 5 R H -Ci I

Plate 147

13 <L>

I o oo of 00

1 1 13 Oí Xí

<v N a o ¿

Plate 148

Select weapons and armament: dirk, spearhead, spear-butt, axe/adzes, shield-boss, arrowheads and knife. Of iron, except ( / ) and (g) of bronze. ( a-b) Pyre 13,4 and 5 (SPG II), ( c) T.79B,9 (SPG II), ( d ) T.39, 33 (LPG), ( e) T.54,33 (LPG),

( / ) Pyre 13,9 (SPG II), (g) T.79A,14 (SPG II), ( h) T.79B,12 (SPG II), ( i ) T.39,34 (LPG), ( ; ) T.54,32 (LPG). Scale; 1:2, except ( f-h ) 2:3

Plate 149

Stone weights from Tomb 79, chamber (B) and shaft fill (A). Most badly burnt, discoloured and fractured, with several incomplete. Almost certainly of haemetite. Scale; near 1:1. See Table of Contents for details.

Plates 150-152

SHELLS AND IMPRESSIONS OF CLOTH AND WOOD

Shells from (a) Tomb 51, ( b) Tomb 48, ( c) Tomb 52, (d) Tomb 39 and ( e) Tomb 47

Plate 150

Plate 151

Shells from (a) Tomb 4(), ( b) Tomb 80. Cloth impressions, ( c) on dagger, T.39,35, ( d ) on fìbula T.57,7, (e) on situlaT.42,17

Plate 152

00 to io H 1 . O CO

CU f-H

¡í n c o

lê c o

lã fi O fi 1 "S

it E- ^T ^

t^ u co <v

is TJ.2

aï .52 ^

si I? .r o G

Plates 153-159

ADDITIONAL ILLUSTRATIONS AND COMPARANDA

Plate 153

1 a 2§ al S*eS

si N <U

H Sa li

II ^_ CM

li I a »a §

Plate 154

Faience disc beads, strung arbitrarily as necklaces. ( a) T.59,41 ( b) T.42,21+22.

Plate 155

o 13 cj

Plate 156

i ä o

ã o CJ

i I -Ci

I î ì I ! •ë

Plate 157

¡î "

1! fi § ^0 ¡•g K g

li rH O

■5 -*

il of C O 0)

Plate 158

Comparanda. Near Eastern engraved bronze bowls. ( a) Metropolitan Museum, New York, Inv.no. 74.51.5700. ( b) Teheran Museum Inv.no. 15198. ( c) Italian bronze grater, Museo Gregorio Etrusco, Inv.no. 11175.

(d) Iron pins with bone heads and faience discs from burial within the 'Heroon'.

Plate 159

Comparanda. Bronze fibulae, (a-b ) from Lemnos, (c ) from Skyros. Iron pin with bone head and faience beads ( d ) from the burial within the 'Heroon'. Iron sword, adze and knife {e-g) from LPG Tomb XXVII, in the Agora, Athens.

(A) Near Eastern gold earring scale 1:1. ( í ) Phoenician jug from Cyprus, Skales Cemetery T.62,40; scale 1:2. ( j-k ) Engraved catchplates of 'Boeotian' bronze fibulae with depictions of ships accompanied by birds and fish.

TABLES OF TOMB AND PYRE CONTENTS, DATES AND STRATIFIED BURIALS

Table 1 : Tomb and Pyre Contents Table 2: Dates of Tombs and Pyres

Table 3: Stratified Burials

TABLE 1

TOMB NUMBERS

CONTENTS T.1 T.2 T.3 T.4 T.5 T.6 T.7 T.8 T.9 T.11

I I CuP ~ Z 1 Z

~" ~" ZZZZ

~ 1 Z Skyphos psc

circles Z HZ!!! Z

~ ZZZZ ZI

^stalled other Plate psc ^ Crater Amphoriskos

L Lekythos 1 Z ZZZZ 5 Z 1 ~ 1 ~

ZZZZ Z 2 ~ ^~^

O JuQ^Qtet 1 1 ¿I c Trefoil oenochoe 1 2

I? c A Amphora

' Hydria/hydriskos I _Py*§

o Kalathos 2 3 4 o M Feeding-bottle

' Y Other shapes ' ~

1 Red-slip ware Black-slip ware Coarse & cooking

pot fabric î

I P Handmade burnished 2 2 1 R Attic JT_ Other ~~ _ TOTAL

4 7__ Z 5

~~ 6 Z 9 ZI ZZZZ Z

Rin9 Z ZZZZ Z Z^ZZ Z ZZZZ Z s z ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Band G Attachment Z ZZZH

~ 2 Z ZZZZ ~"

ZZZZ ZI ZZZZ ZZZZZ Z 0 Pendent v

j- Bead

ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ Z ™* Earring 2 2 e _ other

Z ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ ~~~"~~ ZZZZ T _ g coil

~~~"~~ ™" """""""" ™" "~~~~~" """"""" ~~ ~~~^~"

f L ¿^==:^i=i=i=zi=iz=:i::=z=z:i=zz=; Bracelet L J_ Bracelet ~" 2 R Fibula

2 ~" ZZZZ

ZZZZ ""ZZZZ ~~ 5 ~" ~~~" ~" 2

B O Bracelet 2 J N Grater

E f E Vessel C E Other

T Fibula 1? S pin 1 Sword/dagger

S sPear N Axe/adze

Other LEAD

"~"F" Vessel ZZZZZ I Ring

E Scarab O n Pendent

T E | Segmented

bead 293 H GLASS bead __2 E other "~ ~" R CRYSTAL bead

~ ~ "~

ZZ~ ~ ~"

ZZZZ ~

IZIZI buib

~ ~ ~ 2 ZZZZZ Z ZIZZ Z ZZZZZ -

ZZZZ M AMBER bead ZZZZ A bulb T injay g STONE whetstone r other^

~ "~ ZZZZZZZZZI

~ ~ ZZZZZ

| CLAY bead ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ Z Z Z ZZZZ A figurine 1 i L SHELLS 1

DATE LPG SPGI-II LPG SPG II SPG II (empty) LPG (empty) ? (empty)

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

CONTENTS T.12A T.12B T.13 T.14 T.15 T.17 T.18 T.19 T.20 T.21

~1 I Cup """"

~2~3~ ~

Skyphos psc circles pedestalled other Plate psc Crater Amphoriskos

L Lekythos ~~ ~

~^^2 ~

n Jug/juglet 2 £___- 1

° £ c Trefoil oenochoe

° c ^ Amphora

1 ' Hydria/hydriskos

T Pyxis

1 E Kalathos

R Feeding-bottle

1 Y Other shapes

Red-slip ware Black-slip ware ~ ~ ~

__ Coarse & cooking

pot fabric ~^^^_ ~

~^^_ ~

ZHIZ H HZZZ H ZZZH __ ,1,

IZZIIZIIIIII P Handmade burnished

R _*"!£ 1 T Other 1

TOTAL 2 1 14 8 3 1 4

Ring ~"

4 ~" ~"

4 ~" """ "" "~

Band ~ 1 G Attachment

~ HZH H ZHZI

0 Pendent L Bead

Earring

E Fibular 1 T G Coil *

A ,' Pin

L j_ Bracelet D Fibula 1__ 1 1 ° » Hn

B O Bracelet ~ 2 J N Grater

E W b Vessel ~ C b Rivet

T Fibula

S Pin 1 3^ 1 Sword/dagger

Q Spear

Ì ~ ~

N Axe/adze ~ ~ Knife

I I Other

1? ~ ~ ~"

I ̂ I Vessel ~~" ~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~ ~' ~'

ZZZI i _Kng E Scarab ~ ~" ~

O C pe"dent

~ ~" ~ 2

T E ' Segmented

bead 3 246 _3 H GLASS bead E seal 2 R CRYSTAL bead

bull) ~~ '~ ~

M AMBER bead A bulb T inlay g STONE whetstone

R ^ ■- - --- -

I CLAY bead A other 1 L SHELLS S

BONE plaque 1

DATE LPG MPG SPG II LPG SPG I mrq/LPG LPG SPG Ilia (empty) (empty)

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

CONTENTS T.22 T.23 T.23A T.24 T.25 T.26 T.27 T.28 T.29 T.30

I i cup i z zzzz z i z zzzi z i ~ i ~~ i Skyphos psc

circles ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ

~ ~ ~^^ZZ Z 1 ~ ~

pedestalled 1 other 1 Plate psc Crater Amphoriskos

ZZZZ Z 3 ZZZZ ~ ZZZZ Z ZZZZ L Lekythos

ZZZI 6 ~ ZZZZZ ZZZZZ Z ZZZZ

n Jug/jugtet i . i 2 ¡1 c Trefoil oenochoe 1 1? 4 S? A

c Amphora

1 ' Hydria/hydriskos

T Pyxis

12 1 £ Kalathos 2 2 1 " Feeding-bottle 1 Y Other shapes

~ 1 ~ ZZZZZZZZZ Red-slip ware ~

ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ ZZ Black-slip ware

Coarse & cooking pot fabric ZZZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ Z ZZZZZ Ï ¿ z P Handmade burnished g^ - T Other

TOTAL 6 13 4 1__ Z 3 17 Z 2

Rin9 7 z ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ Z ZZZZ ZZZZZ Z ZZZZ ZZZZZ Band

G Attachment ZZZZ ZZZZZ 0 Pendent ~

~^ZZ1 Z ZZZZ Z ZZIZ h Bead

M D Earring

E Other T g Coil A ,' Pin

L T Bracelet 2 ~~ "~ ~ ~~ 2 n Fibula

~~ "~ ~ ~~

B O Bracelet J N Grater

E f b Vessel 1 "" ~ "~ C b Other "" ~ "~

ZZZZZ -

ZZZZ T Fibula

- s pin ZZZÜZZ ZZZZZ

ZZZZZ I Sword/dagger

N Axe/adze ~ ~ Knife

Arrowheads "" 14

LEAD ""

I F, I vessel ~ ^~Z

"" ~ ~~zz ZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ "ZZZZZ ~ "~ ZZZI

1 Ring ~ "~

S S"^ : O C Pendent 53 T E I Segmented

bead c.2350

c.2000

H GLASS bead 107 21 g other 0 CRYSTAL bead

bulb .- - -.-

M AMBER bead 4^ A bulb T îDjay E STONE whetstone ~ ~ "~ ~ R other^

~ ~ Ï

1 CLAY bead A other 7 L SHELLS S

DATE SPG II SPG II ^*, SPG II- SPG I LPG SPG Ml SPG II ^ (empty)

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

I Cup 1 ~ __ ._ZZZZZZZZ!ZIZIZZ Z Z-^l- ZZZZZ_!_

Skyphos psc circles ZZZI Z ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ Z ~^^2

pedestalled ~ ~ ZZH

other ~ ~ ^^ Plate psc ~

ZZZI "~

ZZZZ Crater Amphoriskos ~ ~ j

L Lekythos ~

ZZZZZ ZZZZZ ~ i

p O _Ju9^glet Î 4 1 ~~

~ c Trefoil oenochoe 1 1 1 i Si a Amphora

1 a L Hydria/hydriskos

I L _££*

0 Kalathos 1 1 15 1 11 n Feeding-bottle ^ Otner shapes

" 2 Ï

Red-slip ware 5" Black-slip ware

__ Coarse & cooking

pot fabric ï q ^ __ ¿ zii^zi ruzzimi P Handmade burnished ] R _™2

T Other ~ ]

TOTAL 9 ZZZZIZ. 5 ~ ~ i 2 32 ~ 21 ïfZ

nkifl ~"

6 2 """

""5 _^Ë 3 2

G Attachment 1 10 4 0 Pendent

ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z

^ " LDJ&*

12_ZZZZZZZ=ZZZZZZZZZZ1ZZZZ^ZZZ^ ^ " Earnng 1 ~ ~ 2 2 E Other

F G Coil

K I "" i L T Bracelet ZZZI Z

- - - - _ B Fibula i 6 3

"~ 8 ï I _

1 R _Pin

3 O Bracelet

1 Î ] ]

J N Grater '

= r Vessel i ~~~~ 2 "" ~

"~~~~ ~"

] ^ Wheels

~~~~ "" "~~~~ Î

[ F'b"ta

=> Pin ì & : 1 Sword/dagger

S Jess. ZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZI ZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ N Axe/adze -, Knife

~ ^^2 ZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ i -

1 other ~ î ï

Ü I Vessel ~ "~~~

q î Jsssà ZZZZ ZZZZZ ZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ

q "ZZZZ

5 Scaiab - 1 - D C Pendent ^

r E| Segmented bead

¿¿q 700-I- c.123 "~65"^" i GLASS bead 6__ 2 2 r other^ q CRYSTAL bead 2 2

1 ~ -- - _

A AMBER bead 3^ 3^ ^ bulb 2 r iíiüy

~ "~ r STONE whetstone

' seal/amulet ZZZZ Z ~

~ï ï I CLAY bead

Z ZZZ Z ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z ^ ÇËîer i 2

j SHELLS 2 59

OTHER 2

DATE SPG Ilia SPG Ilia SPG Ilia (empty) (empty) SPG Ilia SPG I? SPG "" LPG LPG/ Ilia SPG I

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

I I C"P 1 ~ "~ ~

~^^_ H Skyphos psc 1 1 1 1

circles pedestalled other 1 1 1 Plate psc 1 Crater Amphoriskos 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

L Lekythos

1 ~^^_ ~ ~

O JuQfrgbt 1 1 3 3 1

c Trefoil oenochoe

° A c

Amphora

1 1__ ' Hydria/hydriskos 2 4 . T Pyxis

R £ Kalathos 1 18 4 2 R Feeding-bottle

g 2 Y Other shapes

Red-slip ware 1? 1 Black-slip ware Coarse & cooking pot fabric 2

I P Handmade burnished 1 2 1 1 r _Attic 1 2 T Other _ TOTAL 12 8 7 30 20 9 11 2

Rin9 Z *"~

2 Band 1 1 2

G Attachment 1 6 1 2 0 Pendent ¡- - - Bead -

1 D - - - :

Earring E ____Foil

~__6 T G Coil

A ¡_ _Pjn

L ___ Bracelet _________ D Fibula 1 2 1 2 1

B 0 Bracelet 1 J N Grater E ' fc Vessel

C fc Other

T Fibula 1 2

1? 4 • Sword/dagger

0 Spear ~ ~ ~ ~ "

* N Axe/adze

Knife 1 ^ 1 I I Other

LEAD 1 2 ~ T" vessel ___ 1 ~ ~~ ~

ZZZZ 1 Ring E Scarab 1

O C Pendent 1 T E I Segmented bead 29 c.9250 16 413+ 150 H GLASS bead 1 33 A E other ~~ ~" ~ R

CRYSTAL bead

~~ ~" ~ ~

bulk) ~

M AMBER bead 4 A bulb T «nlay : E STONE whetstone 1

R balls 21 I CLAY bead A other 1 4 1 L SHELLS 18 25 20 135 S

DATE g* LPG or ? LPG spG, LPG SPGII LPG JJPG-

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

I C"P 1 3 15 ~ ~"

Skyphos psc 2 1 1 circles 1

pedestalled otht£ Plate psc 2 Crater Amphoriskos 3

L Lekythos 1 n Jug/juglet 1 6 2

° •T r Trefoil oenochoe 2 1 1 1 ° r

¿ Amphora

1 ' Hydria/hydriskos 1 1 T Pyxis

| Kalathos

2 2_ R Feeding-bottle

Y Other shapes

1 Red-slip ware 1 Black-slip ware ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~ Coarse & cooking

pot fabric

~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~ I

P Handmade burnished 6 1 1 § Attic

T Other TOTAL 1 9 2 27 19 _ _§ j 25

Ring ~^ZZ ~~

2 ~~ """

5 *" "~

2 Band 2

G Attachment 1 O Pendent 1 L Bead

M P Earring

E Other

T G _Çoil

2 A [ _Pin

L _r_ Bracelet 0 Fibula 4 2 2 6

° 0 5 Ph

B O Bracelet "~ J N Grater

E ' E Vessel -"

C E Other

T Fibula 2^ 1 S Pin

1 i i?

1 Sword/dagger

1 0 Spear i N Axe/adze 1

Knife 1 1 | | Other

I £ ' Vessel ~"

1 ~ ~ ~ ~

~^^_ ~2_ 2

1 _Ring 1 E Scarab 1

O C Pendent 4 |T E | Segmented

bead 3J 12

H GLASS bead 62+ E 2Ë£ R 0 CRYSTAL bead R 0

CRYSTAL

buto bead

M AMBER bead 1__ A b"«b t m g STONE whetstone 1

R 2Ë22U ~

i 1 CLAY bead A wheel i 1

s_!^f t OTHER

DATE £<* SPG I SPG Ml ? LPG £<* (empty) LPG LPG LPG/

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

CONTENTS T.60 T.61 T.62A T.62B T.63 T.64 T.65 T.66 T.67 T.68

I I C"P ~~ ~ 1 1

~~ ~ Z^Zl

Skyphos psc ' circles

pedestalled other Plate psc Crater Amphoriskos

L Lekythos 1 1 n Jug/juglet 1

*T p Trefoil oenochoe ° ^ p

Amphora

' Hydria/hydriskos T Pyxis

| Kalathos

1 6 R Feeding-bottle

Y Other shapes

Red-slip ware Black-slip ware . Coarse & cooking pot fabric

¿ : P Handmade burnished 3 r j*ç ; i T Other

TOTAL 3 12 1

Ring "" "*~ -

2 - --

Band G Attachment 0 Pendent 1 L Bead

M D Earring

E Disc 8 T G _Coil

A ¿ _Pin

L T Bracelet „ Fibula 1 3 1 o r^ZZZIIZIZIZIIZIIIIZIIZZZZZIZIZZZZZI

B O Bracelet J N Grater E p E Vessel C

p E Other

T Fibula 1 1

S Pin 1?

1 Sword/dagger

i S-Spear^

^ Axe/adze "~" "~" "" ~ ~ Knife 1?

"~" "~" "" ~ ~

I j Other

| F j vessel ~ "~ ~~

I _Rjng E Scarab

O n Pendent 1 j E | Segmented

H GLASS bead g other p CRYSTAL bead

bulb M AMBER bead A bulb t inlfy g STONE whetstone ~ ~ R ^îi8!

| CLAY bead 3^ A other 8 L SHELLS 12

DATE ? empty LPG MPG LPG LPG empty J^", empty ?

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

CONTENTS T.69 T.70 T.71 T.72 T.73 T.74 T.75 T.76 T.77

~1 | C"P Ï "~2~ ~~~ ~ ~

Skyphos psc 1 circles pedestalled . 2 other Plate Psc Crater Amphoriskos ~ 1

L Lekythos ~

O JuQfluQtet 1 1 ¿T c Trefoil oenochoe 2 1 ~

A Amphora 1 L Hydria/hydriskos

T L Pyxis

R jj Kalathos

6 3 R Feeding-bottle

Y Other shapes

Red-slip ware Black-slip ware Coarse & cooking pot fabric ■ I

P Handmade burnished 1 S Attic

T Other TOTAL 1 16 10

Ring "

9 13 2 '

Band 2 1 G Attachment O Pendent J- D

Earring 1

E Other

T G Coil

2 2 A [ _Pin

L j_ Bracelet 2 __ Q Fibula 6 3

O R Pin B O Bracelet J N Grater E E p Vessel 4 2 C E p

1 T Fibula

2 1 Sword/dagger

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 Spear

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

N Axe/adze Knife

I | Other

1 f I Vessel " ~~ ~

ZZH ~ ~

7 Jting 1 %J™*

O C Pendent T E I Segmented

bead 474

H GLASS bead 30 g other R CRYSTAL bead ~~ ~

buit) 2 ~~

muz M AMBER bead A bulb ; T jnjay E STONE whetstone r ?jüei

| CLAY bead A figurines/balls 5

k **» OTHER

DATE ^P^/l| LPG LPG empty empty SPG Ilia ? empty empty

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

CONTENTS T-76 T.77 T.78 T.79A T.79B T.80 T.81 T.82 T.83

~~| | C"P "

Z 2 ~ ~" ~~ ~

HHZ - Skyphos psc 3

circles 1 pedestalted 9 other 1 Plate psc 3 Crater 2 Amphoriskos

L Lekythos o Jug/jug^

r Trefoil oenochoe

1 2 ° '

r ^ Amphora

_____ __ ' . Hydria/hydriskos

| Kalathos L_ _ R Feeding-bottle

Y Other shapes

14 Red-slip ware Black-slip ware

Coarse & cooking pot fabric 8

f!, ; ; P Handmade burnished

r Attic 1 2 2 J_ Other 5 1 __ TOTAL 4 14+_ 49 2__

R'"9 - - -

7 ~~ ~" ~

Band 2 G Attachment 7 0 Pendent 3 L Bead

M D Earring

E Other 2 T G _Coi¡

A ¿ _Pin

2 L t Bracelet

n Fibula __J __2 O R Pm B O Bracelet J N Grater

E p Vessel 1 1 C _ Other

Fibula

S Pin '

1 Sword/dagger 1 O-^ 3 H Axe/adze ~

2 ' I ArrowneadF

LEAD I F I vessel

Î Ring 3^

g -§2SË O e Pe"dent j E | Segmented

bead __ 120

H GLASS bead E othe¿ R CRYSTAL bead

bulb '

M AMBER bead A bulb

j inlay 2 E STONE whetstone r oth£ 4^ 10+ | CLAY bead 11 A SO™. L SHELLS 138 S

DATE empty empty JPG » SPG „ SPG ,, SPG II empty empty gpQ , „

TABLE 1 (continued)

PYRE NUMBERS

CONTENTS P.1 P.2 P.3 P.4 P.5 P.6 P. 7 P.8 P.9 P. 10

I i Cup ~~ ~ "~ i ~ zzzz ~ ~ z zzz z zzz z Skyphos psc

circles ZZZ

~ ZZZZ

~ _ZZZ Z

pedestalled ~

other Plate psc Crater _+ Amphoriskos

L Lekythos

ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z IZZZI Z ZZZI Z ZZZZ Z ZIZZ Z ~

^^~~^ p n Jug/jugtet 1± ÎT c Trefoil oenochoe 1

c A Amphora

4 1+ 1+ T A

Hydria/hydriskos

J Pyxis A ZZZI

[: Kalathos

" Feeding-bottle Y Other shapes

+ """ ~

Red-slip ware Black-slip ware Coarse & cooking pot fabric

P (Handmade burnished g-Ãii^

_T_ Other TOTAL

~ 2-t- 3+

Rin9 ZZZZ Z ZZZÜ Z ZZZZ II ZZZI Band

G Attachment ZZZZ ~ ~ 0 Pendent

~ ZZZZ Z! ZZZZ - - L g^

M D farring

E ^^ Other .«-____ T ^^ G Coil

.«-____ ______ ______

A ¿ Pin

L T Bracelet p Fibula

"" ~~ ~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~

2 « "» B O Bracelet J N Grater

E ' Vessel -""

C ___ Other

? -"" - - -

Fibula

1? ~ ~ ~ ~

1 Sword/dagger

O Spear ~

1 ~ ~ ~

1 N Axe/adze i

Other '

LEAD (earrings) ' I ̂ I Vessel

~ ~~ ~~~~ ~

Î Ring E Scarab

O c< Pendent ~ ~ ~ ~

j E | Segmented bead ' ~ ~ ~ "~~"

H GLASS bead ~

~ "~~" "" ~~

g other^ p CRYSTAL bead

buto ZZZZ Z

ZZZZ H

- - ~ - ZZZZ Z ZZZZ

M AMBER bead a bufo

Z Z Z Z Z Z

t inlay E STONE whetstone 1 R rtteL

| CLAY bead A button 1 - SHELLS 5 ^^____^^_^^__^_^___^^^_____ ^______ --m __ ______ __ _______ __ _______^

OTHER (antler) 1O+

DATE LPG? LPG SPG Ml LPG ? (empty) LPG? SPG l-ll (empty) (empty)

TABLE 1 (continued)

PYRE NUMBERS

CONTENTS P11/12 P.13 P.14 P.15 P.16 P.17 P.18 P.19 P.20 P.21

i i cup zzz_ zi zzzzz iz ~ zzzzz zi zzzzz _ ̂izz n zzzm iz i Skyphos psc 1 15+

circles pedestalled other Plate psc 2+ 1 Crater 2+ Amphoriskos

L Lekythos 1 n Jug/jugiet 2

JT c Trefoil oenochoe

c ^ Amphora

2+ 1 T Hydria/hydriskos

T Pyxis

1 E Kalathos

1 R Feeding-bottle

Y Other shapes

Red-slip ware Black-slip ware ~~~ ~~~~~~~ Coarse & cooking pot fabric

~~~ ~~~~~~~ ZZZZZ I

P Handmade burnished p Attic 2 T Other 1 2

TOTAL 4+ 6+ 19+ 1 4

Ring Band

G Attachment O Pendent L Bead

D - r - : Earring

E Other

T G Coil

A I Pin

L t Bracelet n Fibula O g n

B O Bracelet J N Grater 1 1 E p h

Vessel 1? C

p h Other (Shield

boss) i

T Fibula

S Pin I Sword/dagger 1 1 Q Spear

1 N Axe/adze g

Knife J 1 | Other

(Spits) q+

I E I Vessel ~ - - _______ _ ~

, JRirg E Scarab

O e Pende"* T E | Segmented

H GLASS bead g other p R CRYSTAL bead p R

CRYSTAL

buib^ bead

M AMBER bead A bulb j inlay E STONE whetstone 1 R 2_[ I CLAY bead A 2_I L SHELLS S

DATE LPG SPG II SPG Ilia (empty) (empty) (empty) ? LPG (empty) ^G H/

TABLE 1 (continued)

PYRE NUMBERS

CONTENTS P.23 P.24 P25 P26 P.27 P.28 P.29 P30 P.31 P.32

I I CuP ~1 Skyphos psc 1__

circles pedestalled other 1 Plate psc Crater Amphoriskos

L Lekythos n Jug/juglet i

° •I c Trefoil oenochoe 1__ ° T

c A A^^8

T A L . Hydria/hydriskos

T L . Pyxis

5 Pathos H Feeding-bottle

Y Other shapes

1 1 Red-slip ware Black-slip ware

_ Coarse & cooking pot fabric 1 '

¿ P Handmade burnished g ^53

T Other TOTAL 2 3 : 4 2_

Ring 1 ~"

Band G Attachment O Pendent L Bead

M D Earring

E other T G Coil

A I Pin

L t Bracelet n Fibula 1

O ° Pin

B O Bracelet J N Grater E *

E Vessel

C E Other

T Fibula S Pin

^^2 I Sword/dagger

1 ~ g"5*55 ~ N Axe/adze 1?

Knife 1 | | Other

I E | Vessel ■ - - ~- - ________

' _Ring E Scarab

O c Pèsent j E | Segmented

H GLASS bead g other R CRYSTAL bead ~

bu_D ~ ~~

M AMBER bead A bulb T !_ay g STONE whetstone R 2__[ | CLAY bead A 2ÜH - SHELLS

DATE SPG Ilia (empty) (empty) (empty) SPG Ilia ^j^, (empty) (empty) SPG lila LPG

TABLE 1 (continued)

PYRE NUMBERS

CONTENTS P33 P.34 p.35

~~l i Cup ~ ~ ~ zzzz z ~~ ~ Skyphos psc i

circles pedestalted ~ ~ other

Plate psc Crater Amphofiskos ~ L Lekythos

~ IZZZZ Z ZZZZ ZI ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z UZZI ZZZZZ Z ZZZZ

O JuQfrQtet ; ¿I c Trefoil oenochoe ~

A Amphora 1 Hydria/hydriskos

T Pyxis

*: Kalathos 1 " Feeding-bottle Y Other shaf>es

Red-slip ware Black-slip ware

Coarse & cooking pot fabric ~

__^~ ~

ZZZZ M ~ ~ P

Handmade burnished ~~^_ ~

R Attic - - i - - - - - - - _J_ Other

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _____

total i 2 ZZZZZ Z ZZZ! Z ZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZI -

Ring - ^- - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - -

Band G Attachment Z ZZZI ~ Z ZZZ ~ Z ZI ̂~~ 0 Pendent

~ L Bead

M D Earring

E __ Other T __ G Coil

A _ _Rin

? L T Bracelet

«____

"" v ~ ~

n Fibula «____

2 B g n Pin

B O Bracelet J N Grater

E I E Vessel

C E Other

T Fibula S Pin

1 Sword/dagger ?

o sp°ar ~ ~ ZZZI Z ZZZIZ ZZZ! Z ZZZZ

~ ZZZI Z ZZZ!

N Axe/adze Knife

ZZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z ZZZI Z Other

I E I vesse' ~~ ZZZ

~~ ZZZZ

"" !ZZZ

~~ ZZZZ

~' i Ring E Scarab

O C Pendent T E | Segmented bead H GLASS bead E ot_r r CRYSTAL bead ~

buit> ZZZZZ

_] ZZZZZ

ZZZIZ! ZZZZZ

^ AMBER bead ~~ ~~ a bu|b Z ZZZ

~~ ZZZ!

~~ ZZZI Z ZZZ ZI ZZZZ

Z g STONE whetstone

R other; - - - -

| CLAY bead A other^ - SHELLS S

DATE SPG II ¿PO/ ? SPG I

TABLE 2

LIST OF TOMBS AND PYRES WITH PROPOSED DATES

TOMBS PYRES

T-1 LPG T.33 SPG Ilia y.66 LPG-SPG I P.1 LPG? T. 2 SPG I - 1 1 T.34 (empty) j.67 (empty) P. 2 LPG T-3 LPG T.35 (empty) y.68 ? P. 3 SPG I - 1 1 T-4 SPG H T.36 SPG Ilia T.69 LPG-SPG II P. 4 I PG T.5 SPG II T.37 SPG I? T.70 LPG p. 5 ? T.6 (empty) T.38 SPG II-IIIa T.71 LPG P. 6 (empty) T-7 LPG T.39 LPG T.72 (empty) p. 7 LPG? T.8 (empty) j.4O LPG/SPG I T.73 (empty) P. 8 SPG I-II T-9 ? T.41 LPG/SPG I j.74 SPG Ilia p. 9 (empty) T.1O no tomb y.42 LPG or SPG I T.75 ? p. 10 T.11 (empty) T.43 ? T.76 (empty) p. 11/ T.12A LPG T.44 LPG T.77 (empty) P. 12 LPG

T.12B MPG T.45 SPG I T.78 SPG II P. 13 SPG II T. 13 SPG II T.46 LPG T.79 SPG II P. 14 SPG Ilia T-14 LPG T.47 SPG II T.80 SPG II/IIIa p-15 (empty) T-15 5PG ! T.48 LPG T.81 (empty) P. 16 (empty) T.16 no tomb T#49 MPG-LPG T.82 (empty) P. 1V (empty) T.17 LPG or MPG/LPG T.5O LPG-SPG I T.83 SPG I-II p-18 ? T.18 LPG T.51 SPG I P. 19 LPG T.19 SPG Ilia 7.52 SPG I-II P. 20 (empty) T.20 (empty) T#53 ? p. 21 SPG II/IIIa T.21 (empty) j.54 |_PG P. 22 ? T.22 SPG II T.55 LPG/SPG I SQUARE XVI P. 23 SPG Ilia T.23 SPG II T.56 (empty) spG ma P. 24 (empty) T.23A LPG/SPG I T.57 LPG P. 25 (empty) T.24 SPG II-IIIa T.58 LPG P. 26 (empty) T.25 SPG I T.59 LPG/SPG P. 27 SPG Ilia T.26 LPG T.60 ? P. 28 LPG/SPG I T.27 SPG I-II T.61 (empty) P. 29 (empty) T.28 SPG II T.62A LPG P. 30 (empty) T.29 LPG/SPG I T.62B MPG P. 31 SPG Ilia T.30 (empty) T.63 LPG P. 32 LPG T.31 SPG Ilia T.64 LPG P. 33 SPG II T.32 SPG Ilia T.65 (empty) P. 34 LPG

TABLE 3

STRATIFIED BURIALS

MPG MPG/ LPG LPG/ SPG I SPG II SPG Ilia LPG . SPG I

T. 12 B T. 12 A

T. 62 B 7- T 62 A

T. 17 P. 1

T. 57 T. 55

T. 3- j-T.

15 T. 13

P 7 (?) 1_ T. 29 - ! T. 27

T. 48 1 T. 51

T. 54 J I 1 1 T. 5

T. 14 J T. 24 -, T. 23

T. 23 A T. 28

R 32 - P. 33

T. 40 - ■ - P- 13

T. 50 - ■ P. 14

T. 40 P. 13

T. 52 - T. 47

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 193 '

Section 1

Cemetery and Area Plans

PLATE 1. Lefkandi. Plan showing the relative positions of the settlement 'Xeropolis' and the cemetery area.

2. Cemetery area showing the location of the Toumba building and burial ground. 3. Plan of the Toumba cemetery after the 1992 season's excavation.

4. Plan showing the relative positions of the cemetery and MPG building at Toumba.

5. Trench plan of the Toumba cemetery.

Section 2 Tomb and Pyre Plans

PLATE 6. Plans of Tombs 38 and 39. Scale 1:20.

A photograph of the massive cover slabs over this tomb and of its dense floor deposit is given at PLATE 29a-b.

7. Plans of Tombs 40-42. Scale 1 :20.

PLATE 29 c-d shows more clearly the position of the 'attachments' and gold bands, which has a bearing on their function.

8. Plans of Tombs 43 and 44, and Pyres 11 and 13. Scale 1:20.

9. Plans of Tombs 45, 46 and 48. Scale 1:20.

A view of the floor deposit of Tomb 46 is given at PLATE 30a. The unusually large cover slabs of Tomb 48 are shown at PLATE 30Z>.

10. Plans of Tombs 47 and 52. Scale 1 :20. 11. Plan of Tomb 49; primary burial. Scale as shown.

Remains of the wooden coffin were especially well preserved on the N., S. and W. walls of the shaft, to be seen at PLATE 31 b, and in close-up at PLATE 32c-d.

12. Plan of Tomb 49 showing primary burial partly overlaid by a subsequent mud-brick wall, and the later burial shaft with two vases in the fill. Scale as shown.

The faint traces of the wooden coffin of the secondary burial can be seen at PLATE 323, and the amphora and jug in situ at PLATE 32 a.

13. Tomb 49; east-west section across the south end of the shaft at the point indicated on PLATE 11. Scale as shown.

Levels 1 to 7 are different stages of varying consistancy in the refill of the tomb after the initial fill had been almost entirely removed and the mud-brick division constructed for the secondary burial.

194 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PLATE 14. Plans of Tombs 50, 51, 53 and 54. Scale 1:20.

Tomb 50, one of the Attic type urn burials in this cemetery. The neck of its amphora with a 'killed' sword wrapped around it is to be seen at PLATE 30a and after some clearance at PLATE 30 b.

It is possible that the projecting slab at the E. end of Tomb 51 was a marker, but, if so, unique as such. A view of the floor deposit of Tomb 54 is given at PLATE 23 a.

15. Plan of Tomb 55. Scale 1 :20.

A most unusual case of a double burial, with a cremation contained in a large jar with lid (PLATE 61, T.55,1), and an inhumation on the floor of the shaft.

16. Plan of Tombs 51 and 58. Scale 1 :20.

An Attic type burial with no offerings other than the amphora containing the cremation (PLATE 67). 17. Plan of Tomb 59. Scale 1:20.

19. Plans of Tombs 62A, 62B and 63. Scale 1:20.

Tomb 62A with walls of mud-brick constructed over Tomb 62b, shown at PLATE 34¿z.

A view of Tomb 63 is given at PLATE 33b with close-ups of the gold discs (PLATE 131) and, unusually, of the faience beads of one necklace in position undisturbed at PLATE 33 (c) and ( d ). The pile of vases at the S. end of the shaft is shown at PLATE 34¿.

20. Plans of Tomb 64 and Pyres 14 and 15. Scale 1:20 except details of Pyre 14 deposit, illustrated also at PLATE 35c.

21. Tomb 68, horse burial 1. Scale as shown.

The upper of two partly superimposed horse burials, with an iron bit, poorly preserved, in its mouth.

22. Tomb 68, the superimposed horse burials 1 and 2. Scale as shown.

The lower horse burial, also with iron bit. No other finds. There is a clear precedent in the horse burials within the 'Heroon'. See also PALTE 35a-b.

23. Plans of Tombs 70 and 71. Scales, T.70 at 1:20; T.71 at 1:10. Tomb 71 also illustrated at PLATE 34c.

24. Plans of Tombs 74 and 75. Scales, T.74 at 1:15; T.75 at 1:20; T.74 a view is given of the floor deposit at PLATE 34d.

Tomb 73, an example of a type of tomb with a very narrow lower compartment, illustrated at PLATE 36a.

26. Plans of Tombs 78 and 79, shaft and side niche. Scales, T.78 near 1:25; T.79, shaft at 1:20, niche at 1:6.

Tomb 78, the bronze vessel, no. 14, is shown in situ at PLATE 36b.

Tomb 79, a unique tomb consisting of a shaft with a side niche containing the cremation urn (a bronze cauldron) and weapons, to be seen in situ at PLATE 36c

A preliminary account of the tomb and its finds has been published by M.R. Popham and I.S. Lemos in OJA 14 (1995), 151-7.

27. Plans of Tomb 80 floor deposit. Scale 1 : 12.

One of the richest burials in the cemetery; its floor deposit and massive cover slabs shown at PLATE 37.

The position of the pins and the presumed position of the head, largely underlying the pile of vases at the E. end, suggest the existence of a wooden coffin, though no trace of one remained.

28. Plans of Tomb 80, cover slabs, and Tombs 81-83. Scale 1:20.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 195

Section 3

Views of Select Tombs and Pyres (Reference to these Plates, with comment, is given in Section 2 above, under the relevant

Tomb or Pyre)

PLATE 29. [ä-b) Tomb 39, cover slabs and floor deposit; [c-d) Tomb 42, floor deposit and details.

30. (a) Tomb 46, floor deposit; (b) Tomb 48, cover slabs; (c-d) Tomb 58, shaft and pit with burial urn and sword.

31. Tomb 49, (a-b) primary burial showing the subsequent division wall partly overlying it.

32. Tomb 49, (a ) amphora and jug in fill above secondary burial; (b ) wood dust surround of later burial; (c-d) wood remains of coffin of earlier burial.

33. (a) Tomb 54, floor deposit; (b-d) Tomb 63, floor deposit and details.

34. (a ) Tomb 62a, floor deposit and mud-brick surround; (b ) Tomb 59, heap of vases at west end of shaft; floor deposit of (c) Tomb 71, and (d) Tomb 74.

35. (a-b) Tomb 68, double horse burial; (c) Pyre 14, surface deposit of pottery and bronzes.

36. (a) Tomb 73, slit-like lower compartment of shaft; (b) Tomb 78, bronze vase in position on floor; (c) Tomb 79, the side niche and its deposit.

37. Tomb 80, (a ) massive cover slabs; (b ) floor deposit.

Section 4

Tomb and Pyre Contents

PLATE 38. Tomb 38, contents (part). Scale 1:3.

39. Tomb 38, contents (part). Scales 1:3 for nos. 23-9, and 1:2 for nos. 43-54.

40. Tomb 38, contents (remainder). Scale 1:1 except no. 56. Tomb 39, contents (part); 1:2 for nos. 24-7, 29, 44 and 45; 1:3 for no. 23 and 2:5 for no. 28.

41. Tomb 39, contents (part). Scale 1:3.

43. Tomb 39, contents (remainder). Scales 1:2 for nos. 32-4, 36 and 38-43; 1:3 for nos. 31 and 35; 2:3 for no. 37, and 1:6 for no. 30.

44. Tomb 40, contents. Scales 1:3 for nos. 1-14; 1:2 for nos. 15, 20 and 22-3; 2:3 for nos. 16 and 19.

45. Tomb 41, contents. Scale 1:3 except 13-14 at 1:2.

PLATE 46. Tomb 42, contents. Scales 1:3 for nos. 1-8, 17 and 20; 1:2 for nos. 9, 10-15 and 18; 2:3 for no. 19.

47. Tomb 44, contents. Scales 1:3 for nos. 1-7 and 1:2 for nos. 8-9. Pyre 11/12, contents (part). Scales 1:3 for nos. 1-3 and 1:6 for nos. 4-5.

48. Pyre 13, contents (part). Scales 1:2 for nos. 1-3 and 9-10; 1:3 for nos. 4-8 and 11.

49. (A) from Pyre 11/12. (B) surface sherds from Square XII. (C) and (D) Pyre 13, contents (part). (E) surface sherds from Square XIII. Scale of (D) 1:3; remainder as shown.

51. Tomb 45, contents (remainder). Scales, of vases 1:3, rest 2:3 except no. 35 as shown.

53. Top: Tomb 46, contents (remainder). Scales: vases 1:3, rest 2:3 except no. 27 as shown. Bottom: Tomb 47, contents (part). Scale 1:3.

54. Top: Tomb 47, contents (remainder). Scale 2:3. Bottom: Tomb 48, contents (part). Scale 1:3.

55. Tomb 48, contents (remainder). Scales: vases 1:3, rest 1:2.

56. Tomb 49, contents. Scales: no. 1 at 1:4, no. 2 at 1:3, nos. 3-6 at 1:1, nos. 8-9 at 2:3 and no. 11 as shown.

57. Top: Tomb 50, contents. Scales: vase 1:6, weapons 1:2. Bottom: Tomb 51, contents (part). Scale 1:3.

58. Tomb 51, contents (remainder). Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 from tomb fill. Scales: vases and model 1:3, rest 1:2.

59. Top: Tomb 52 contents. Scales: vases and no. 5 at 1:3, rest at 1:2. Bottom: Tomb 54, contents (part). Scale 1:3.

61. Top: Tomb 54, contents (remainder). Scales: nos. 29, 30, 31 and 32 at 1:2, rest at 1:3. Bottom: Tomb 55, contents (part). Scales: nos. 1-2 at 1:4, no. 4 at 1:3.

62. Tomb 55, contents (part). Scales: vases 1:3, fibulae at 1:2.

63. Top: Tomb 55, contents (remainder). Scales: no. 32 at 1:3, nos. 34-35, 21-27 at 1:2. Bottom: Tomb 51, contents. Scales: vases at 1:3, fibula at 1:2.

66. Tomb 59, contents (part). Scales: vases, fibulae, pin and faience vases 1:3, jewellery and faience ring at 1:3; scarab at 2:3.

67. Top: Tomb 56, contents (remainder). Scales as shown. Bottom: Tomb 58, Tomb 60, Tomb 61 and Tombs 62A and B, contents. Scale 1:3 except Tomb 58 amphora at 1:6.

68. Tomb 63, contents (part). Scales: vases 1:3, jewellery, nos. 13-17 1:2.

69. Top: Tomb 63, contents (remainder). Scale 1:3 except no. 33 as shown. Bottom: Tombs 64, 66 and 69, contents. Scales: vases 1:3, fibulae 2:5, and T.64, 2-9 as shown.

70. Tomb 70, contents (part). Scales: vases, nos. 1 and 3, 1:3; no. 2 1:4; bronzes, no. 17 as shown, no. 18 2:5 and no. 20 3:4; pins, nos. 27-8 and jewellery, nos. 4-5 and 8-14 at 2:3.

71. Top: Tomb 70, contents (remainder). Scales: nos. 3, 6 and 7 as shown, rest, 2:3. Bottom: Tomb 71, contents (part). Scale 1:3.

72. Top: Tomb 71, contents (remainder). Scales: vases 1:3, no. 17 3:2, no. 18 1:1; nos. 19 and 20 2:3. Bottom: Tomb 74, contents (part). Scale 1:3 except nos. 11 and 12 1:2.

PLATE 73. Top: Tomb 74, contents (remainder). Scales: jewellery nos. 18-34 and 39 1:2, bronzes nos. 35-38 1:2,

nos. 13-17 and 40 as shown. Bottom: Tomb 75, contents. Scales: nos. 1-3 1:2 and no. 5 1:3.

74. Top: Tomb 78, contents. Scales: vases 1:3, jewellery nos. 8-14 2:3, nos. 6 and 12 as shown. Bottom: Tomb 79, contents (part). Stone weights. Scale as shown.

75. Tomb 79, contents (part). Scale 1:3,

76. Tomb 79A (shaft fill), contents (part). Scales: A6 1:3, A8 1:3, A14 1:6.

77 Tomb 79A (shaft fill), contents (part). Scale near 1:2.

78. Tomb 79A (shaft fill), and 79B (niche) contents (part). Scales: Bl (cauldron) 1:3, B2, B9, B10-11 1:3, rest as shown.

79. Tomb 79A and B, contents (remainder). Scales: A10-11 1:3, A12-13 as shown, B3, A16-7, A2, A15, B5, B4 and A2 1:1, B6 as shown.

85. Tomb 80, contents (remainder). Scales: no. 50 2:3, nos. 51-6 and 62-3 1:1, and nos. 57-9 1:2; no. 68 1:2; rest as shown.

86. Pyre 14, contents (part). Scale 1:3.

87. Pyre 14, contents (part). Scales, pottery as shown, bronzes nos. 17, 18 and 20 1:2.

88. Pyre 14, contents (remainder). Sherds of crater no. 16. Scale as shown.

89. Contents of Pyre 19, a possible Pyre 21 and Pyre 23 (part). Scale 1:3.

90. Pyre 23, contents (remainder). Fragments of Attic vases. Scale near 1:2.

91. Contents of Pyres 27, 28, 31 and 32. Scales: pottery 1:3 except Pyre 32, 2 at 1:4; fibula Pyre 27 at 1:2; iron objects, Pyre 31, and Pyre 32, nos. 3-4 as shown.

92. Top: Contents of Pyres 33 and 34. Scale 1:3. Bottom: Square XVI, 14, fragments of an Attic pyxis. Scale 1:3.

Section 5

Pottery from Fills and Surface

PLATE 93. Pottery from Square XVI (part). Scale 1:4.

94. Pottery from Square XVI (part). Scale 1:4.

95. Pottery from Square XVI (remainder). Scales: no. 16 1:3, rest as shown.

96. Pottery and two fibulae from Tomb and Pyre fills, (a ) Tomb 61, (b ) Pyre 17, (c-d ) Tomb 51, (e-f ) Tomb region of 61, (g) Pyre 20. Scales; {e-f) 2:3, (g) 1:2, rest as shown.

PLATE 97. Pottery from surface of (a ) Tr. XV, (b ) Tr. C, (c-d ) Tr. XIX.

98. Pottery from surface of {a ) Tr. XIX, (b ) Tr. XIV, (c) Tr. XIV + XVI, (d ) Tr. XVII, (e) Tr. XVIII

Section 6

Drawings of Select Vases and Figurines

PLATE 99. Select vases, Kalathoi. T. 45,13 (SPG 1), T.63,6 (LPG), Cups, T.45,25 (SPG I), T.40,13 (LPG/SPG I) also

illustrated PLATE 115«, Pyre 28,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.48,4 (LPG) also illustrated PLATE 115 A. Skyphoi, Pyre 28,1 (LPG/SPG I), T79A,3 (SPG II) restored in drawing from a fragmentary example, T.47,3 and 4, both miniatures, (SPG II) also illustrated PLATE 112e and d, T.59,1 (LPG/SPG) a unique variant of the circles skyphos, also illustrated PLATE 112g Pedestalled kantharos, T.45,27 (SPG I), the only example of this shape, also illustrated PLATE 113c. Scale 1:3.

100. Select vases. Pendent semicircle skyphoi. Pyre 34,1 (LPG), T.48,1 (LPG) also illustrated PLATE Ilio, T.57,1 (LPG) also illustrated PLATE Ilio, T.59,2 (LPG/SPG), T.80,10 and 11 (SPG II/IIIa), no. 10 also illustrated PLATE 111/ Pyre 14,1,3 and 8 (SPG Ilia). Scale 1:3.

101. Select vases. Pedestalled skyphoi. T.80,2 (SPG II/IIIa) an addition to those illustrated in the tomb group at PLATES 81-2, T.74,8 (SPG Ilia) also ilustrated PLATE 113a, Pyre 23 (SPG Ilia) restored in drawing. Shallow bowls; strap-handled Sq. XVI,9 = ?Pyre 21 (SPG II/IIIa); with double or single handles, T.80,15,23 and 25 (SPG II/IIIa) also illustrated with comment on PLATE 112 a-c. Scale 1:3.

102. Select vases. Pendent semicircle plates, T.42,8 (LPG or SPG I) also illustrated PLATE 114B, T.55,3 and 4 (LPG/SPG I) also illustrated PLATE 114A and C with comment, Sq. XVI, 8 = ?Pyre 21 (SPG II/IIIa), restored in drawing from an incomplete vase. Scale 1:3.

103. Select vases. Pendent semicircle plates, Pyre 14, 16 (SPG Ilia), T79A,4 and 6 (SPG II), no. 6 being largely restored in drawing. Scale 1:3.

104. Select vases. Jugs, T.45,5 (SPG I), T.42,7 (LPG or SPG I). Feeding bottle T.48,9 (LPG). Basket-handled jar T.45,4 (SPG I). Lekythos, T.63,9 (LPG). Small hydriai, T.74.2 (SPG Ilia) also illustrated PLATE 119(c), T.45,3 (SPG I) also PLATE 117«, T.40,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.46,13 (LPG) and T.38,2. Flask, Pyre 23,1 (SPG Ilia) also PLATE 119(0). Scale 1:3.

105. Select vases. Pyxides, T.38,1 (SPG II-IIIa), T.51,14 and 15 (SPG I), T.46,9 (LPG). Basket-handled amphora, T.51,22 (SPG I). Coarseware amphora, T.83,1 (SPG I-II). Scale 1:3 except T.83,1 at near 1:4.

106. Select vases. Large local crater with pedestalled foot and four double handles, T.79A,7 (SPG II), very fragmentary and incomplete; reconstructed in drawing, see PLATE 77. Ht. 38.5.

107. Select vases. Red Slip Ware kantharos T.39,7 (LPG), and jug T.41,6 (LPG/SPG I) also illustrated PLATE 120(c). Shallow, handleless bowl T.71,5 (LPG). Trays T.46,6 (LPG) and T.45,28 (SPG I). Depiction of a ship on pyxis no. 3 in Sq. XVI (SPG Ilia) illustrated at PLATES 94 and 126, and of a bird on a sherd from the same area. Handmade, black/grey burnished and incised fabric; pyxis and lid T.59,25 F(LPG/SPG) partly restored in drawing but omitting the complex panel decorations, for which see PLATE 66, dolly T.74,11 (SPG Ilia), an unexpectedly late context, as, too, for the tortoise from the same burial, also illustrated at PLATES 120(e) and 125(¿>); the decoration of both has been partly restored in drawing. Scale 1:3.

A similar dolly was found in LPG Palia Perivolia T.22 no. 30 {LKl Plates 137 and 269).

PLATE The ship depiction and the pyxis on which it was painted has been published by M.R. Pophan in OJA 6 (1987), 353-9.

108. Select vases. Handmade and burnished vases. Jug with cut-away spout, a probable Macedonian import T.41,12 (LPG/SPG I context). Black burnished ware (possible imports); juglets and feeding bottle, T.39,13, T.63,12, T.54,24-5 and T.46,17, all in LPG contexts. Brown, polished aryballos, a possible import T.80,30 (SPG II/IIIa). Coarse kitchen ware, standed cooking pot T.47,8 (SPG II) and see PLATE 121 [a-b) for examples of similar vases in T.80 (SPG II/IIIa); incised, lug-handled bowls, T.38,13 and 14 (SPG II-IIIa). Scale 1:3.

109. Select imported vases. Phoenician bichrome jug T. 79 A, 10 also illustrated PLATE 125(e). Cypriot Black- on-Red juglet T. 79 A, 13 also on PLATE 125(/). Shallow, carinated bowl of uncertain origin T79A,9. All three vases from an SPG II context. Attic vases, skyphos Pyre 33,1 (EG II), kantharos Sq. XVI,6 and large cup no. 5, both EG II/MG I and from a possible Pyre 21, oenochoe Pyre 14,13 (MG I) also illustrated PLATE 122(/); ?bowl of unusual shape with evidence for a handle Pyre 23,13 (MG I), reconstructed in drawing from sherds; pyxis T.39,4 (LPG). Scale 1:3.

110. Select Attic imports, both extensively reconstructed in drawing from fragments; pyxis and lid Sq. XVI,14 (MG I) also illustrated on PLATE 92, Ht. c. 58.0, crater Pyre 14,16 (MG I) Ht. 47.5, sherds illustrated at PLATE 88.

Section 7

Photographs of Select Vases and Figurines

PLATE 111. Select vases. Pendent semicircle skyphoi, [a) T.57,1 (LPG) see also PLATE 100, [b) T.48,1 (LPG) see

also PLATE 100, (c) T.59,2 (LPG/SPG), [d ) T.45,26 (SPG I), (e-g) T.80,12, 10,9 (SPG II/IIIa), see also PLATE 100. Scale 1:2.

112. Select vases. Shallow bowls with single and double handles, (a-c) T.80,20,25 and 18 (SPG II/IIIa) see also PLATE 101. Miniature skyphoi, [d-e) T.47,4 and 3 (SPG II) see also PLATE 99. Skyphoi, (/ ) T.42,5 (LPG or SPG I), ( g) T.59,1 (LPG/SPG) see also PLATE 99, Scale 1:2 except [d ) and (e) at 2:3.

The type of shallow bowl such as those at [a-c) are attested in the cemetery only in Tomb 80, which contained 14 examples (PLATE 83).

113. Select vases. Pedestalled skyphoi, (a) T.47,8 (SPG Ilia), [b] and (d ) T.80,8 and 3 (SPG II/IIIa). Kantharos, [c) T.45,27 (SPG I) see also PLATE 99. Scale 1:2.

The pedestalled skyphos is a type mainly attested by the 9 examples in Tomb 80 (PLATE 82). Only two other instances were recognised, that in Tomb 74 [[a) above) and sherds of another in Pyre 23, illustrated in a reconstruction at PLATE 101.

114. Select vases. Pendent semicircle plates. (A) T.55,3 (LPG/SPG I), (B) T.42,8 (LPG or SPG I), see also PLATE 102, (C) T.55,4 (LPG/SPG I) see also PLATE 102. Scale near 1:2.

115. Select vases. Kalathoi, (a) T.59,3 (LPG/SPG), (b) T.45,6 (SPG I), (c) T.54,8 (LPG). Cups [d ) T.62B,1 (MPG), (e) T.40,13 (LPG/SPG I) see also PLATE 99, ( /) T.62A,1 (LPG), [g) T.69,1 (LPG-SPG I), (A) T.48,4 (LPG), see also PLATE 99. Scale 1:2.

116. Select vases. Jugs (or large lekythoi), (a) T.70,2 (LPG) and [b) Pyre 11/12 no. 1 (LPG). Scales [a) 1:3 and

(b) 1:2.

See PLATE 156, for two other vases of similar shape and with related decoration.

PLATE 1 17. Select vases. Shoulder-handled amphoriskoi, [a ) T.41,5 (LPG/SPG I), (b ) T.54,12 (LPG). Small hydriai,

(c) T.46,15 (LPG), (e) T.45,3 (SPG I) see also PLATE 104. Oenochoe, (d ) T.57,3 (LPG). Scale 1:2.

118. Select vases. Pyxides, (a) T.59,7 (LPG/SPG I); (¿) T.63,7 (LPG). Lekythos, (c) T.54,15 (LPG). Squat oenochoe, (d) T.80,39 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 1:2.

119. Select vases. Flasks, (ö) T.40,1 (LPG/SPG I); (b) Pyre 23,1 (SPG Ilia), see also PLATE 104. Small hydria, (c) T.74,2 (SPG Ilia), see also PLATE 104. Jar, (d) T.52,1 (SPGI-II). Scale 1:2 except (a) at near 1:3.

120. Select vases. Black burnished handmade ware (a) T.45,30 (SPG I). Red slip ware (b) T.39,15 (LPG), (c) T.41,6 (LPG/SPG I) and see PLATE 107, (</) T.39,5 (LPG). Incised, handmade gray ware; dolly (e) T. 74,11 (SPG Ilia), see also PLATE 107 and the note there on the parallel from PP. T.22. Scale 1:2.

121. Select vases. Handmade and burnished cooking pots; standed (a-b) T.80,36 and 32 (SPG II/IIIa); flat- based {c) T.80,31 (SPG II/IIIa). Black to brown handmade and burnished ware [d ) T.46,17 (LPG), [e) T.54,22 (LPG), ( /) T.63,10 (LPG). Scale 1:2.

Not unexpectedly, cooking pots rarely occur in tombs, which makes the offering of 9 examples in Tomb 80 the more extraordinary (PLATE 84). There is only one other instance of the standed version, that in Tomb 47 (no. 8 PLATE 108), which is identical in form. The more usual flat-based version is discussed inLKl, 343.

122. Select vases. Imported Attic vases: kantharos, cups, skyphos and oenochoai. (a) and (e) T.54,5 and 2 (LPG), {b-c) and (d ) T.39,19 and 14, discussed in BSA 77, 233-5, ( / ) Pyre 14,13 (MG I), ( g) T.74,4 (MG I). Scale 1:2.

123. Select vases. Imported Attic vases: amphora, pyxis, cup and kalathos. (a) Pyre 19,1 (LPG), (b) and (c) T.80,40 and 27 (EG II/MG I), (d ) T.57,2 (LPG). Scale 1:2.

The kalathos (d) is the twin of Palia Perivolia T.22,25 for which see LK I plates 139 and 212(«), discussed p. 349.

124. Select vases. Imported Attic amphorai. (a) T.55,2 (LPG/EG I) and (b) T.48,7 (LPG). Scale 1:2.

125. Select vases. Imported wares, (a) burnished coarseware jug with cut-away neck T.41,12 (context LPG/SPG I), (Z>)tortoise figurine in burnished black/gray ware and incised T.74,12 (SPG Ilia context), (c) pendent of burnished black ware with impressed decoration T.40,15 (LPG/SPG I context), ¡d) Cypriot White Painted juglet T.79A,12 (SPG II context), (e) Phoenician bichrome jug T. 79 A, 10 (SPG II context), ( / ) Cypriot Black-on-Red juglet T. 79 A, 13 (SPG II context). Scale 1:2. (e) and (/) also illustrated on PLATE 109.

126. Select vases. Figurines, models and ship depiction, (a) T.51,3 (fill) partly restored (Attic, LPG), (b) T.39,21 (LPG), [c-d ) T.41,2 (LPG/SPG I) and ( / ) T.38,33 (SPG II/IIIa) all discussed in BSA 77, 232-3, (e) central panel of pyxis Square XVI,3 (SPG IIIA) illustrated PLATE 94. Scales {a ) 1:3, [b-d ) and (/ ) 1:2.

The ship depiction, published in OJA 6 (1987), 353-9 and Tropis II, 77-83, is similar to the scene, also with birds and fish, on the catchplates of some 'Boeotian' bronze fibulae, examples of which are illustrated at PLATE 159 j-k.

Section 8

Drawings of Select Weapons and other Objects of Gold, Bronze, Iron, Faience, Amber and Stone

PLATE 127. Select weapons: swords, dirks and knives. T79B,8 (SPG II), T.60,1 (?), Pyre 14,20 (SPG Ilia), Pyre 13,4

(SPG II), T.54,32 (LPG), Pyre 31,1-2 (SPG Ilia), T.54,32 (LPG), T.50,4 (LPG-SPG I). Scale: 1:3 except the two knives at 1,2. Pyre 13,4 of bronze, the remainder of iron.

The dirk, Pyre 13,4, a revised drawing of BSA 77 fig.8, discussed p. 241. See PLATE 159 ( e-f ) for an iron sword and knife from an LPG grave in the Agora Cemetery at Athens.

128. Select weapons and implements: spears, axe/adzes, arrowheads and whetstone. T.79B,9 (SPG II), T.50,3 (LPG-SPG I), T.39,33 (LPG), Pyre 13,1 and 2 (SPG II), T79A,14 and B,12 (SPG II), T.80,5 (SPG II/IIIa), Pyre 35 (?). Of iron except arrowhead T.79A,14 of bronze, and whetstone T.80,5. Scale 1:3.

The adze/axes discussed LKÏ, 256 and BSA 77, 241: see also PLATE 159f for a similar tool from an LPG burial in Athens. T79B,12, examples of some 28 arrowheads of slightly varying size, T. 79 A, 14 unexpectedly of bronze and resembling an LBA type. The fragmentary iron object from Pyre 35 has not been identified.

129. Cauldron and select fibulae, of bronze. T79B,1 (SPG II), T.54,30 (LPG), T.63,36 (LPG), T.44,8 and 9 (LPG), T.74,36 and 37 (SPG Ilia), T.70,23 and 25 (LPG), T.46,23 (LPG), T.38,43 (SPG II-IIIa). Scale: 1:2 except cauldron at 1:3.

T.38,43 and T.44,8 and 9 discussed BSA 77, 237. See PLATE 140 for photographs of these and other fibulae, and PLATE 159c for an example with paddle-wheel bead from Skyros. The cauldron also illustrated PLATE 146 a-b.

130. Select pins, pendent, beads, bracelet and earring. T.49,5+9 and 7+11 + 14 (MPG-LPG), T.61-P.19,3 (?), T.61,2 (undated), T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), T.70,27 (LPG), T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), T.60,2 (?), T.45,33 (SPG I), T.47,21 (SPG II), T.40,18 (LPG/SPG I), T.47,27 (SPG II), T.79A,15 (SPG II). Scale: 2:3 except T47,27at 1:2.

See photographs, descriptions and discussion under PLATE 139 of T.49,5+9 and T.60,2 (iron, bone and faience), T.61 (region), 3 (bronze), T.55,32 (gilt iron and crystal), T.80,60 (gilt iron and amber), T.47,21 (lead), T.47,27 (amber) and T.79A,15 (bronze). T.49.7+11 + 14 (iron and bronze), T.70,27 (gilt iron and crystal). T.40,18 (bronze) discussed BSA 77, 239.

131. Discs of gold foil from T.63 (LPG) restored in drawing. Scale 1:1.

Some illustrated also at PLATE 137. See PLATE 157a-efor similar discs in the 'Heroon' burial and from Skyros and Lemnos.

132. Select bronze vessels. T.42,17 (LPG or SPG I), T.47,18 (SPG II), T.39,31 (LPG), T.74,35 (SPG Ilia), T.55,29 (LPG/SPG I) and T. 78,14 (SPG I). Scale 1:3.

Some illustrated also at PLATE 143, with discussion. T.39,31 and T.42,17, jugs with lotus bud handles, discussed BSA 77, 239. These jugs and plain bronze bowls considered also LKl, 249-50.

133. Engraved Near Eastern bronze bowl, T.55,28 (LPG/SPG I). Scale as shown.

The lower cable band on the roll-out has been repeated around the tondo. Illustrated also, and discussed at PLATE 144.

134. Engraved Near Eastern bronze bowl, T.70,18 (LPG). D. of rim 15.0 cms. Illustrated also, and discussed at PLATE 145.

PLATE 135. Select finds of faience, stone and clay. Finger rings of faience, T.39,37 (LPG), T.59,35 (LPG/SPG) and

T.80,62 (SPG II/IIIa). Seal of faience, T.46,26 (LPG). Scarab of faience, T.59,36 (LPG/SPG I). Pendents of faience, T.45,34 (SPG I) and T.51,6 (SPG I). Near Eastern cylinder seal of ?haemetite, T.79A,20, not 19 (SPG II). Clay object, T.49,9 (MPG-LPG). Faience bowls, T.59,37 (LPG/SPG) and T.51,31 (SPG I). Scales: rings, seal and head pendent 3:2, droplet pendent and cylinder seal 1:1, scarab 2:1, clay object and faience bowls 1:2.

Most illustrated also, and discussed at PLATE 142. Faience ring, T.39,37 discussed BSA 77, 244-5.

Section 9

Photographs of Select Jewellery, Dress Fastenings, Weapons, Weights and other Objects of Bronze, Iron, Faience, Amber and

PLATE 136. Select jewellery. Gold pendents, beads and earrings; gilt lead coil, (a ) T.38,39 (SPG II-IIIa), (b ) T.59,26

(LPG/SPG), (c) T.38,41 (SPG II-IIIa), (d) T. 74,32 (SPG Ilia), (e) T.80,57 (SPG II/IIIa), ( / ) T.59,28 (LPG/SPG), (g) T.43,1 (undated), ( h) T.71,17 (LPG), (i) T. 75,3 (undated), ( j ) T.63,18 and 24 (LPG), (k) T.80,59 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 3:2 except (A) and (k) at 3:4 and (0 at near 1:1.

(a) and (c) discussed BSA 77, 236-7. (e) inset of amber. (/ ) type discussed LK I, 220 with later

examples, and plate 231a. (h) for comparable example in lead see PLATE 139m. (i) of gilt lead, a type discussed LKl, 220, and plate 230; other examples., TA5,31a-b, T.46,23-4, T.49,3-4, T.51,23-4, T.63,17 and T. 70,4-5. (i ) see PLATE 157/ for similar spiral bead from Skyros.

137. Select jewellery. Gold finger-ring, bead and discs; gilt bracelet, (a) T.80,50 (SPG II/IIIa), [b) T. 74,33 (SPG Ilia), (c) T.47,15 (SPG II), (d-g) T.63,25-30 (LPG). Scales, (a-c) 1:1; (d-g) 3:2.

(a) a unique prodigy, (b) gilt bronze, (c) seemingly the gold foil covering of a bead, (d-g) see PLATE 131 for reconstructions in drawing, and PLATE 157 a-efor comparanda.

138. Select jewellery. Gold 'attachments', (a) T.42,11 (LPG or SPG I), (b) T.54,29 (LPG), (c-d) T.39,24-5 (LPG), (e) T. 78,9 (SPG II), ( / ) and (g) T.42,15 and 14 (LPG or SPG I), (h) T.47,11 (SPG II), ( i ) T. 78,1 (SPG II), ( j ) T.48,18 (LPG). Scale 1:1.

'Attachments', a description used to indicate uncertainty about their usage. See BSA 77, 236 for latest discussion. Subsequent examples in Tombs 42,47,48 and 78, but not 54, confirm their occurrence with

gold 'diadems': their placement, however, is generally central and not near the presumed position of the head, for which see the relèvent Tomb plans. PLATE 157 g illustrates an example from Skyros.

139. Select finds. Pins of gilt iron, iron, and bronze; bronze earring; beads of amber and lead; other objects of bronze and clay, (a) T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), (b) T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), (c) T. 70,28 (LPG), (d ) T.49,5 (MPG-LPG), (e) T.60,2 (undated), ( / ) T.54,35 (LPG), (g) area of T.61,2 (undated), ( / ) T.54,35 (LPG), (h) area of Pyre 19,3 (undated), (i-j ) T.79,B4 and A15 (SPG II), (k) T.45,33 (SPG I), (/ ) T.45,36 (SPG I), (m) T.47,21 (SPG II), (n) T.47,27 (SPG II). Scale 1:1.

See PLATE 130 for drawings, (a) and (c) gilt iron with crystal bead, (b) gilt iron with amber bead; see LK I, plate 231 £ for similar example, discussed p. 223 (d-f) see LK1, plate 242H for a previous example, discussed p. 246. Similar pins in the 'Heroon' burial, PLATES 158tìf and 159¿/; they and (d )

PLATE indicate that the type may always have been fitted with a bone head and threaded with faience disc beads, (i) bronze, of uncertain shape and function, (j ) earring of bronze, a version usually of gold, as

PLATÇ 159A, a NE type and probably earlier. (*) of lead, with a parallel in gold, T.47,20 (PLATE 136g). (A;) of lead and presumably a pendent; without Aegean parallel. (/ ) a rounded and perforated sherd of clay, (m) of lead with a parallel in gold, T.47,20 (PLATE 136g). (n) beads of amber; previous examples discussed LKI, 223, though unjustly dismissive.

140. Select fibulae of bronze, {a) T.44,8 (LPG), (i) T.55,31 (LPG/SPG I), (c) T.38,44 (SPG II-IIIa), [d) T.38,43 (SPG II-IIIa), [e) T.39,32 (LPG), ( / ) T.80,65 (SPG II/IIIa), {g) T.54,30 (LPG), (Ä) T.54,31 (LPG), (ι ) T.48,20 (LPG), ( ; ) T. 74,36 (SPG Ilia), (jfc) Pyre 27,1 (SPG Ilia). Scale 2:3 except [d ) at 1:2 and(/ ) at 1:1.

Drawings of some of these and of other fibulae are given on PLATE 129.

(a), (c)9 {d-e) discussed in BSA 77, 237. ( / ) similar in size and shape to S.59,32, also SPG Ilia, (LK I plate 249,2). (g) the paddle-wheel addition previously attested by two examples PP.T.45,1-2 (SPG I-II) and T.36.23 (?SPG II), LK' plate 241: see PLATE 159cfor a similar fibula from Skyros. (h-i) both composite, with bow of bronze and forearm of iron. ( j-k ) an SPG Ilia version with large square catchplate, discussed LKl, 242-3.

141. Faience vases and plaque, (a) T.42,20 (LPG or SPG I), (b-c) and ( f-h ) T.39,42,39,43 and 38 (LPG), (d-e) T.59,37-8 (LPG/SPG). Scale 2:3 except (d ) at 1:2.

142. Select finds of faience, glass and stone, (a-c) finger rings, (d) and (g) seals, (e) scarab, ( /) and (h) pendents, (i ) cylinder seal and ( ;-/ ) beads, (a) T.39,37 (LPG), (b) T.59,35 (LPG/SPG), (c) T.80,62 (SPG II/IIIa), (d) T.46,26 (LPG), (e) T.59,36 (LPG/SPG), (/) T.45,34 (SPG I), (g) T.38,55 (SPG II-IIIa), (Ä) T.52,6 (SPG I-II), (i) T.79,A19 (SPG II), ( ; ) T.47,26,25,24 (SPG II), (k ) T.42,22 (LPG or SPG I), (/ )T. 70,30 (LPG). Scale 3:2 except (h-k) at 1:1 and (e) at 2:1.

(a) of faience and (g) of steatite discussed BSA 77, 242-5. (c) of faience, one of an identical pair, apparently from the same mould as seen in the juxterposed impressions, (e) of faience, its separate bezel lost, (h) of faience; a similar singleton T.62A,4 (PLATE 67). (i) burnt and discoloured but probably of haemetite, N. Syrian, dating to c. 1850-1750 (information kindly supplied by Dr. B. Teissier). (j-i) of glass. ( k) discussed BSA 22, 237.

143. Select bronze vases, (a ) T.42,17 (LPG or SPG I), (b ) T.47,18 (SPG II), [c) T. 78,14 (SPG II), (d ) T. 74,35 (SPG Ilia), (e) T.39,31 (LPG), ( f-h ) T. 70,17 and 20 (LPG). Scale 2:3 except (c) at near 1:2.

(a) discussed BSA 77, 239. (b) and (c) both apparently without known parallels, also illustrated in drawing at PLATE 132, (c) being a reconstruction, (c) is shown in situ at PLATE 363 and a comparable shape in Phoenician pottery is given at PLATE 159/. (e-g) two lotus-bud handles with rosette terminals and little else preserved; typical of a specific form of squat jug, such as T.39,31 (PLATE 132), and others, discussed LK I, 249-50 and BSA 77, 239. ( / ) a situla type handle such as on (a ) but the part of a possibly associated rim is without rings and not turned over.

144. Engraved Near Eastern bronze bowl, T.55,28 (LPG/SPG I). D. of rim c. 28.0.

Distorted and broken into several fragments; mending holes below rim; base badly corroded. The single cable frieze around the tondo has been repeated on the drawing at PLATE 133. As there, the broken sphinx at the top left of (β) and bottom right of (b) have been completed by photographic montage to illustrate the whole of the creature.

145. Engraved Near Eastern bronze bowl, T.70,18 (LPG). D. of rim, 15.0 cms.

Badly corroded and restored after conservation. Fragments (d) and (e) have not survived, and (b) shows its original condition. They have been added to the photographic roll-out and the drawing at PLATE 134 in the positions where they are likely to have belonged, (c) top part of enthroned 'deity' with flautist behind. Published and discussed by M.R. Popham in OJA 14 (1995), 103-7. Comparable NE bowls are illustrated at PLATE '5S(a) and (b).

PLATE 146. Bronze cauldron and graters, (a-b) T.79,B1 (SPG II), (c) Pyre 14,18 (SPG Ilia), (d ) T79B,2 (SPG II).

Scales (¿z) 2:5 and (<:-</) 2:3.

The cauldron (a-b) used as a cremation urn; seen in situ at PLATE 36c. It and the burial discussed by M.R. Pophan and I.S. Lemos in 'A Euboean Warrior Trader', OJA 14 (1995) 151-7. (c-d) graters discussed BSA 77, 240-1 in connection with that in Pyre 14,8. All three examples were associated with warrior cremations. Evidence for a wooden frame survives on (c). See PLATE 158c for an Italian example dated considerably later.

147 Pair of bronze wheels with axle, T.39,30 (LPG). D. of wheels 25 cms.

Discussed in BSA 77, 239-40, with section drawing on fig. 8.

148. Select weapons and armament: dirk, spearhead, spear-butt, axe/adzes, shield-boss, arrowheads and knife. Of iron, except ( / ) and (g) of bronze, [a-b) Pyre 13,4 and 5 (SPG II), (c) T.79B,9 (SPG II), ( d ) Pyre 13,2 (SPG II), (e) T.54,33 (LPG), ( / ) Pyre 13,9 (SPG II), ( g) T.79A,14 (SPG II), (i ) T.39,34 (LPG), ( j ) T.54,32 (LPG). Scales (a), (d-e) (i-j ) 1:2, (b-c) 1:3, ( f-h) 2:3.

(a) a revision of BSA 77 plate 26,4. (d-f) and (i) discussed BSA 77, 241-2. Some of the above, with others, reproduced in drawings at PLATES 127-8.

149. Stone weights from Tomb 79, chamber (B) and shaft fill (A). Most badly burnt, discoloured and fractured, with several incomplete. Almost certainly of haemetite. Scale near 1:1.

In the list below, the first figure is the present weight, the second, in brackets, given when part is lost, is its estimated original weight.

(A) A,21d 4.1 gm. (B) A,21c 5.9 gm [6.0]. (C) A,21a 8.3 gm. (D) A,21b 10.5 gm. (E) B,13/6 21.9 gm [23.0]. (F) B,13/3 25.0 gm. (G) B,13/4 30.1 gm. (H) B,13/8 38.8 gm [40.7]. (I) B,13/5 44.9 gm [46.0]. Q) B,13/12 29.3 gm [?60.0]. (K) B,13/2 89.9 gm. (L) B,13/7 75.0 gm [90.0]. (M) B,13/l 159.7 gm [167.2].

Section 10

Shells, Cloth Impressions and Clay Objects

PLATE 150. Shells from {a) Tomb 51, (b) Tomb 48, (c) Tomb 52, (d) Tomb 39 and (e) Tomb 47

151. Shells from (a) Tomb 46, (b) Tomb 80. Cloth impressions, (c) on dagger, T.39,35, (d) on fibula T.57,7, (e) on situla T.42,17.

152. Cloth impressons on (a) pyxis lid T.46,8 and (b) iron fibula T.35,37, (c) Cloth fragment from under bronze bowl T.55,28. (d) 'Nuggets' of clay with impressions, T.70. (e) Clay pieces with impression of ?wooden box in T.63.

Section 11

Additional Illustrations and Comparanda

PLATE 153. (a) Distorted and fused sherds from shaft fill of Tomb 79. (b) Rim and neck of bronze vase T. 74,14. (c)

Details of gold bands from Tombs 39 nos. 28, 23 and 42 no. 9. (d) Gold leaf fragments from Tomb 80.

154. Faience disc beads, strung arbitrarily as necklaces, (a) T.59,41 (b) T.42,21+22.

155. Fragments of local craters. (A) and (B) Surface of Square XIII, (B) Fill of Pyre 13 (SPG II). Scale near 1:3.

156. Comparanda. Large jugs (or lekythoi). (a ) Toumba T.7,1, (b ) Goulandris Collection, from Skyros. Scale 1:3.

157. Comparanda. Gold discs, (a-c) from Skyros, (d) from the burial within the 'Heroon', (e) from Lemnos. Gold fyeads (/) from Skyros. Gold attachment (g) from Skyros. (a), (3), (/) and (g) Goulandris Collection.

158. Comparanda. Near Eastern engraved bronze bowls (a) Metropolitan Museum, New York, Inv. no. 74.51.5700, (b) Teheran Museum Inv. no. 15198. (c) Italian bronze grater, Museo Gregorio Etrusco, Inv. no. 11175. (d) Iron pins with bone heads and faience discs from burial within the 'Heroon'.

159. Comparanda. Bronze fibulae, [a-b) from Lemnos, (c) from Skyros. Iron pin with bone head and faience beads (d) from the burial within the 'Heroon'. Iron sword, adze and knife {e-g) from LPG Tomb XXVII, in the Agora, Athens, (h) Near Eastern gold earring, Scale 1:1. (i) Phoenician jug from Cyprus, Skales Cemetery T.62,40; scale 1:2. (j-k) Engraved catchplates of 'Boeotian' bronze fibulae with depictions of ships accompanied by birds and fish.

THE TOUMBA CEMETERY LEFKANDI

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LEFKANDI-[M.R._Popham IRENE LEMOS]_Lefkandi_III_(plates)_(Supplementary(BookZZ.org) (1).pdf

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