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transcript
‘Legal highs’ in Poland
Michał
KidawaNational Focal Point Poland - National Bureau for Drug Prevention, Poland
International Conference on SPICE prevention issues25-26 September 2012,
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Research of legal highs – Youth 2008, 2010
Method:• Representative national sample of last classes of
secondary schools (age ~ 18-19) (N=1250 students)• Two editions : 2008 and 2010• Class room survey - self-administered
questionnaires
Lifetime use of drugs among pupils – ages 18 - 19 (%)
CBOS 2008CBOS 2008
35,7
6,8
2,8
3,3
2,3
1,4
1,6
3,5
3,4
1,3
11,4
3
2,6
9
2,9
2,3
2,2
0,8
1,1
1,3
5,5
3,5
1
4,8
2,1
19,9
1,9
4,7
1,3
30,5
21,8
3,6
0,93,2
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
Cannabis
Tranquilizers and sedatives
Amphetamine
Inhalants
LSD
Cocaine
Relevin
Polish heroine „kompot”
Heroine
Ecstasy
Magic mushrooms
GHB
Cough syrups
Legal highs „dopalacze”
DXM
poppers
Salvia divinorum
2010 2008
Occasional use (last 12 months) of drugs among pupils age 18 – 19 (%)
CBOS 2008CBOS 2008
18
3
0,7
1,4
0,7
0,4
0,5
1,4
2
2,2
7,2
1,3
11,2
3,7
1
1,3
0,4
0,6
0,8
3
1,4
1,9
2,6
0,2
2,4
9,6
0,6
2,2
0,3
16,4
1,1
1,9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Cannabis
Tranquilizers and sedatives
Amphetamine
Inhalants
LSD
Cocaine
Relevin
Polish heroine „kompot”
Heroine
Ecstasy
Magic mushrooms
GHB
Cough syrups
Legal highs „dopalacze”
DXM
poppers
2010 2008
Recent use of drugs (last 30 days) among pupils age 18 – 19 (%)
7,7
1,1
1,1
0,8
4,7
1,5
1,5
1,1
3,8
7,3
0 2 4 6 8 10
Cannabis
Tranquilizers and sedatives
Amphetamine
Legal highs „dopalacze”
Ecstasy 2010 2008
Use of „legal highs” among pupils age 18-19
Lifetime 12 months 30 days
3,5
11,4
2,6
7,2
1,5 1,1
20082010
Smart shop Smart shop closed down closed down
-- October October 20102010
Purchasing
90% of respondents heard about „legal highs”. 27% were in smart shops (n=297).
From respondents who were in smartshops, 40% purchased “legal highs” (n=120)
Only 1 % purchased “legal highs” via internet.
Purchasing
77,5
14,1 11,7 8,30
1020304050607080
Herbalmixtures
Powder Pills/capsules
Other
ESPAD 2011
• European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Drugs
• Random sample of school classes (third class of gymnasium (15-16 y.o) and second class of high school (17-18 y.o.)
• Standardized self administrated questionnaire in classroom
• Sample size: 15-16 y.o. – N= 2623 , 17-18 y.o. – N= 2693
Lifetime drug use prevalence 15-16 y.o.(ESPAD)
2
16 16
8
42 2 1
3 2
16
24
9
53 3
13 33 2
1 1 13
19
10 10
6
97
43
18
23
1517
19
9
6
3 3 32
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Tran
quili
zers
and
seda
tives
Can
nabi
s
Inha
lant
s
Am
phet
amin
e
LSD
Coc
aine
Her
oine
Ecst
asy
Ana
bolic
ster
oids
1995 1999 2003 2007 2011
Lifetime drug use prevalence 17-18 y.o.(ESPAD)
3,5
36,7
15,4
19
6,8
2,7 1,74,2
16,8
37,3
5,63,9
1,2
5
0,6
7,9
2,8 2,74,0
20,8
17,1
0,8 0,6
20,8 22,4
10,5
1,8
6,8
2,7 2,65,46,3
4,22,4 2,2
5,8
20,1
3,52,5 3,5
7,8
27,9
3,2
8,3
3,9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Tran
quili
zers
and
seda
tives
Can
nabi
s
Inha
lant
s
Am
phet
amin
e
LSD
Coc
aine
Her
oine
Ecst
asy
Ana
bolic
ster
oids
1995 1999 2003 2007 2011
Cannabis use 15-16 y.o.
24
20
11
19
15
10
1416
1512
7
1011
3
7 8
46
0
10
20
30
1995 1999 2003 2005 2007 2011
Odsetki badanych
Lifetime
Last 12month
Last 30days
Cannabis use 17-18 y.o.
37
29
15
37
22
17
3228
26
17
10
23
17
3
9
1311 10
0
10
20
30
40
1995 1999 2003 2005 2007 2011
Odsetki badanych
Lifetime
Last 12month
Last 30days
Legal highs
15-16 y.o. Heard about legal highs 93,7%
Visited smart shops 15,3%
Purchase legal highs 8,0%
17-18 y.o. Heard about legal highs 94,9%
Visited smart shops 21,6%
Purchase legal highs 11,6%
„Legal highs” - purchasing
15-16 y.o. In the smart shop 5,9%
Via internet 1,7%
Other 4,4%
17-18 y.o. In the smart shop 10,3%
Via internet 1,7%
Other 3,9%
„Legal highs” - use
15-16 y.o. Lifetime 10,5%
Last 12 months 7,1%
Last 30 days 2,5%
17-18 y.o. Lifetime 15,8%
Last 12 months 9,0%
Last 30 days 2,2%
Study on low threshold services clients – Polish-French project (2008-2010)
• All clients of low threshold services using the services in the period of two weeks (N=398)
• Clients coded – double counting eliminated• Questionnaire administrated with client“on the
scene” by street workers.
Prevalence of last 30 days use of psychoactive substances among low threshold services clients – Polish-French research project (2010)
45,2
33,4
35,9
4
5,3
60,1
12,1
9,5
47,7
1,3
2
10,3
43,7
73,4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Heroine
"kompot"
Methadone
Buprenorfine
Cocaine
Amphetamine
Ecstasy
Barbiturans
Benzodiazepins
LSD
Hallucinogens
Cannabis
Mephedrone
Alcohol
N = 398
Medical interventions due to „legal highs” reported to
National Consultant in Clinical Toxicology
Source: dr.n.med. Piotr Burda, National Consultant in Clinical Toxicology
30
70
123
258
60
2118 9 141612 6 12 5 13202625251416 9 1611 8
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
07
.10
08
.10
09
.10
10
.10
11
.10
12
.10
01
.11
02
.11
.
03
.11
04
.11
05
.11
06
.11
07
.11
08
.11
09
.11
10
.11
11
.11
12
.11
01
.12
02
.12
03
.12
04
.12
05
.12
06
.12
07
.12
New psychoactive substances reported to Polish EWS 2011-2012 by groups
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2011 2012
PiperazinesCathinonesPhenetylaminesCannabinoidsTryptaminesOther substances
Source: NFPP
Thanks for your attentionmichal.kidawa@kbpn.gov.pl