Post on 24-Sep-2020
transcript
1laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
lelkef;da laLÑrlkfgR;e~
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
2626262626
lelkef;da laLÑrlkfgR;e~
HkkjrL; izfr"Bs }s laLÑra pSo laLÑfr%A lkfgR;a lektL; izfrfcEca HkofrA laLÑrHkk"kk 'kk'orh Hkk"kk vfLrA vr% vL;ka loZnk ,o lkfgR;jpuk vHkor~]Hkofr] Hkfo";fr pA laLd`rlkfgR;HkkxhjFkh vfofPNUu:is.k lrra ogfrA ;Fkkizkphudkys lkfgR;jpuk vHkor~ rFkSo orZekudkys·fi laLd`rlkfgR;L; xzUFkkukajpuk fØ;rsA lEiw.ksZ Hkkjrs do;% laLd`rlkfgR;fuekZ.ks layXuk% lfUrA x|a] i|a]:ida] losZ"kq ,o lkfgR;jpuk miyH;rsA vfLeu~ ikBs lelkef;dlaLd`rlkfgR;L;fda oSf'k"V~;e~ dk% p uwruk% izo`Ùk;% bfr ifB";ke%A
mís';kfu
bea ikBa ifBRok Hkoku~
l *lelkef;de~ bfr inL; vfHkizk;a Li"Vhdfj";fr(
l lelkef;dlkfgR;L; fo/kkuka ifjp;a ysf[k";fr(
l lelkef;dlkfgR;L; xzUFkkuka ukekfu ysf[k";fr(
l lelkef;ddohuka ukekfu o{;fr(
l orZekudkys izdk';ekukuka i=if=dk.kka ukeksYys[ka dfj";fr(
l lekpkji=&if=dk.kka okjaokfjrka Li"Vhdfj";frA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
lelkef;da laLÑrlkfgR;e~~
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
2
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
§§§§§
fØ;kdyki%
v/kksfyf[krkuka xzaFkkuka ukekfu ;FkkLFkkua fy[kr
mÙkjjkepfjre~] dqekjlEHkoe~] _d~] NkUnksX;e~] ;tq%] ukxkuUne~ f'k'kqikyo/ke~]dsu] fdjkrktqZuh;e~ vFkoZ] 'kkdqUrye~] ,srjs;
1 2 3
osnk% _d~ &&&&&&& &&&&&&&
mifu"kn%^ &&&&&&& &&&&&&& NkUnksX;e~
egkdkO;kfu &&&&&&& f'k'kqikyo/ke~ &&&&&&&
ukVdkfu ukxkuUne~ &&&&&&& &&&&&&&
26-1 v/kquk voxPNke%
izFke% va'k%
laLd`re~ vf[kyHkkjrh;Hkk"kkA ;r~ lkfgR;a orZekudkys fy[;rs rr~ lelkef;dalkfgR;a dF;rsA HkkjrL; Lora=rkizkIrs% vuUrje~ izHkwra laLd`rlkfgR;a fojfpre~vfLrA vfLeu~ lkfgR;s iqjkrukuka lokZlka fo/kkuka ikyua fØ;rsA egkdkO;kfu][k.MdkO;kfu] x|dkO;kfu] dFkk% ukVdknhfu eqäddkO;kfu lokZf.k ,o dkO;kfufyf[krkfu lfUrA dk'pu uwruk% izo`Ùk;% vfi laLd`rlkfgR;s vkxrk% ;Fkk,dkafdukVdkfu] eqäddkO;kfu] lwMksdfork] gkbdksdfork% bR;kn;%A
lwMks dfork tkikuns'ks izpfyrk lkfgR;fo/kk vfLr] ;L;ke~ vfrU;wuS%'kCnS% Hkkokuke~ vfHkO;fä% fØ;rsA *gkbdks dfork;ke~ iafä};su iafä=;s.kok Hkkokuke~ vfHkO;fä% HkofrA
eqäddkO;kfu
laLÑrdkO;lkfgR;a izk;% NUnksc)e~ vfLrA v= i|s o.kkZuka la[;k] y?kqnh?kZo.kZØe%fuf'pr% Hkofr ¼okf.kZda NUn%½ vFkok ek=k.kka la[;k fu/kkZfjrk Hkofr ¼ekf=da NUn%½Avk/kqfuddkys dspu do;% Hkkokuka izkcY;a] y;izk/kkU;e~ eufl d`Rok dkO;kfujp;fUrA rkfu eqäNankafl dF;UrsA eqäddkO;s"kq izR;sda i|a Lora=a HkofrA
3laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
lelkef;da laLÑrlkfgR;e~
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
,dk³~dhukVdkfu
,rs"kq ukVds"kq ,d% ,o vÄï% Hkofr r= fofo/kkfu n`';kfu HkofUrA bnkuha fo|ky;s"kqizk;% ,dkÄïhukVdkuka e×pua HkofrA
ikBxriz'uk% 26-1
1- laLd`rHkk"kk fde~ ,dL; izns'kL; Hkk"kk vFkok lEiw.kZHkkjrL;\
2- 'kk'orh Hkk"kk dk vfLr\
3- laLÑrdkO;ys[kdk% dfLeu~ izns'ks olfUr\
4- lelkef;dlkfgR;a fda Hkofr\
5- laLd`rlkfgR;s uwruk% izo`Ùk;% dk%\
f}rh;% va'k%
26-2 egkdkO;kfu
lxZc)a nh?kZdFkko`Ùka pfj=a ok fo"k;hd`R; dfouk fyf[kra egkdkO;a HkofrA Hkofö%dqekjlEHkokr~ fgeky;o.kZua ifBre~A dqekjlEHkoa egkdkO;e~ vfLrA ,oeso j?kqoa'ke~uS"k/kpfjre~] bR;knhfu lokZf.k izkphudkys izfl)kfu egkdkO;kfuA bnkuhefi vusdkfuegkdkO;kfu fu:I;Urs&
egkdkO;kfu ys[kdk%
l LokrU«;lEHkoe~
mÙkjlhrkpfjre~
l tkudhthoue~ jktsUnz feJ%
l bfUnjkxka/khpfjre~ lR;ozr'kkL=h
l tokgjT;ksfregkdkO;e~~ th- ch- iYlqys
l JhHkkxZojk?koh;e~ jkeHknzkpk;Z%
¼ij'kqjke&jkedFkk½
,rkfu vfrizfl)kfu dkfufpr~ egkdkO;kfuA JhjkeHknzkpk;Z% ckY;dkykn~ ,ous=T;ksfrghu% rFkkfi l% egkdkO;a jfproku~ vusdku~ iqjLdkjku~ mik/khu~ p yC/koku~A
[k.MdkO;kfu@eqäddkO;kfu@;k=kdkO;kfu
dFkk;k% ,da izlaxa [k.Ma ok fo"k;hd`R; jfpra dkO;a [k.MdkO;a dF;rs ;Fkk
jsokizlkn f}osnh
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
lelkef;da laLÑrlkfgR;e~~
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
4
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% pes?knwre~A izR;sda i|a ;= LorU=a Hkofr rr~ eqäddkO;a dF;rsA ;s"kq dkO;s"kq ;k=k;k%o.kZua Hkofr rkfu ;k=kdkO;kfu mP;UrsA
izeq[kkfu fofo/kkfu dkO;kfu v/kksfyf[krkfu lfUr&
dkO;kfu
l jkeÑ".kijegalh;e~
l xq#xksfoUnflagpfjre~
l "kM~_rqo.kZue~
l xkso/kZuxkSjoe~
;k=kdkO;kfu ys[kd%
l 'keZ.;ns'k% lqrjkafoHkkfr MkW- lR;ozr'kkL=h
l FkkbZns'kfoykle~ MkW- lR;ozr'kkL=h
i=dkO;kfu
NUnksc)kfu i=kf.k ;s"kq dkO;s"kq ladfyrkfu fØ;Urs rkfu i=dkO;kfu mP;UrsA
l d#.kkdVk{kygjh jfldfcgkjh tks'kh
xhfrdkO;kfu
l jk?koh;xhrxq×tue~] HkfDrxhrlq/kk jkeHknzkpk;Z%
l rnso xxua lSo /kjk JhfuokljFk%
l Hkkfr es Hkkjre~ MkW- jekdkUr 'kqDy%
eqäddkO;kfu
eqäddkO;s izR;sda i|a LorU=a HkofrA thrjkeHkV~VL; *vuqHkwfr'krde~ ] v'kksdMcjkyL; *{kq/krs es ân;a izeq[kk% dkO;laxzgk% lfUrA
'krddkO;kfu
'krddkO;s"kq izk;% 'kre~ i|kfu HkofUrA 'krddkO;kuka ys[kdk% cgo% lfUrA r=izeq[kkfu 'krddkO;kfu lfUr &
l ikFks;'krde~ MkW- jkedj.k 'kekZ
l Hkkjr'krde~ MkW- jktsUnz feJ%
l bfUnjkdhfrZ'krde~ MkW- Jhd`".k lseoky%
l LokrU«;ohj'krde~ Jh/kj HkkLdj o.ksZdj%
5laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
lelkef;da laLÑrlkfgR;e~
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
nwrdkO;kfu
dkfynklL; es?knwre~ vuqÑR; cgwfu nwrdkO;kfu dfofHk% fyf[krkfuA nwrdkO;snwr}kjk d'pu lUns'k% izs";rsA es?knwrs es?k% ,o nwr% r= fojgihfMr% ;{k% nwrsu es?ksuLofiz;reka izfr lUns'ka izs"k;frA dkfufpr~ izfl)kfu nwrdkO;kfu v?kksfyf[krkfulfUr &
• dkdnwre~
• cdnwre~
• 'kqdnwre~
• dksfdynwre~
• gallUns'k%
lwMksdkO;e~
lwMksdfork;ka }s ok frlz% ,o iaä;% HkofUrA g"kZnsoek/ko% lwMksdforkuka {ks=s iz;ksxe~vdjksr~A rL; dkO;a ^fu"ØkUrk% losZ* laLd`r&lelkef;dlkfgR;s uwruka dkO;fo/kkaizLrkSfrA
ikBxriz'uk% 26-2
1- lelkef;dlaLÑrlkfgR;s dfr egkdkO;kfu fyf[krkfu lfUr\
2- LokrU«;lEHkoe~ egkdkO;a dsu fyf[kre~\
3- lR;ozr'kkfL=.kk bfUnjkxkaf/ke~ vkfJR; fda egkdkO;a jfpre~\
4- JhHkkxZojk?koh;e~ dkO;L; fo"k;% d% \
5- FkkbZns'kfoykle~ dhn`'ka dkO;e~ vfLr] egkdkO;a@;k=kdkO;e~A
6- rnso xxua lSo /kjk bfr dL; dos% jpuk\
7- vfHkjktjktsUnzfeJs.k d`rL; 'krddkO;L; uke fy[krA
r`rh;% va'k%
26-3 i|kReddkO;&ukVde~
vLekfHk% i|kReddkO;fo"k;s ifBre~A bnkuha lelkef;dukVdlkfgR;L; fo"k;stkuhe%A orZekudkys vfi ukVdkuka izpqja ys[kue~ vHkor~A izk;% 'krkr~ vf/kdkfu
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
lelkef;da laLÑrlkfgR;e~~
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
6
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% pukVdkfu fyf[krkfuA dkfufpr~ ukVdkfu ijEijkxrfof/kuk fyf[krkfuA ;Fkk Hkjrequs%ukV~;'kkL=s of.kZre~A ijUrq bnkuhe~ ,dkf¡ukVdkfu vfi fy[;UrsA ,dkf¡ukVdsn`';kfu vusdkfu HkofUr ijUrq lEiw.k± ukVde~ ,dka ?kVuka leL;keso v¬hd`R;fy[;rsA
dkfufpr~ izfl)kfu ukVdkfu lfUr&
ukVde~ ys[kd%
foosdkuUnfot;e~
f'kojkT;kfHk"ksde~
lekueLrq oks eu%
/kU;ks·ga /kU;ks·ge~ Hkklks gkl%
esudkfo'okfe=e~ gfjukjk;.k nhf{kr%
,dkf¡¡¡¡¡ukVdkfu
if.Mr{kekjko}kjk pRokfj «;¡kRedkfu lIr p ,dkf¡ukVdkfu jfprkfuAvfHkjktjktsUnzfeJegksn;S% vusdkfu ,dkf¡ukVdkfu fyf[krkfuA iYlqysegksn;}kjk*vFkkrks Kkus'ojks·Hkwr~ ukEuk y?kqukVd&laxzg% izdkf'kr%A uksnukFkfeJÑra uoekyrh*,dkf¡ukVde~ vfi izlf)e~ vfLrA ,rs"kka ukVdkuka le;s le;s e¥pue~ vfi HkofrA
26-4 pEiwdkO;kfu
x|i|e;a dkO;a *pEiw%^ bfr dF;rsA
i.<jhukFkkpk;Zxyxyh }kjk =hf.k pEiwdkO;kfu jfprkfu &
1- iouikoupEiw%
2- lR;/;kufot;pEiw%
3- Jh'kEHkwfot;fy³õs'ojpEiw%A
t;eUrfeJegksn;L; egkekuopEiw% HkkjrL; xkSjoxkFkka thoun'kZua p izLrqradjksfrA
26-5 x|dkO;kfu
x|s iniz;ksxL; cU/kua u Hkofr vr% x|ys[kd% LorU=% Hkofr ijUrq x|s vfipeRdkj% Hkofr vr% x|ys[kus ,o dos% ijh{kk HkofrA dkfufpr~ vk/kqfudkfux|dkO;kfu lfUr&
xtkuu ckyd`".k iYlqys
Jh/kjHkkLdjo.ksZdj%
7laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
lelkef;da laLÑrlkfgR;e~
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
dkO;e~ ys[kd%
}k lqi.kkZ MkW- jketh mik/;k;%
j;h'k% MkW- jkedj.k 'kekZ
xqgkoklh lR;izdk'kflag%
vusds dFkklaxzgk% vfi lfUr ;Fkk&
dkO;e~ ys[kd%
1- dFkki×pde~
2- xzkeT;ksfr%
3- dFkklaxzg% ouekyhfo'okl%
26-6 vuwfnrlkfgR;e~
;w;a tkuhFk ,o ;r~ lkfgR;a rq lokZlq ,o Hkk"kklq fy[;rsA rs"kke~ vuqokna ifBRok o;arsu lkfgR;su ifjfprk% Hkoke%A ,oa laLd`rlkfgR;L; o`f)% vfi HkofrA
dspu vuwfnrxzUFkk% fuEufyf[krk% lfUr &
dfo% xzUFkk% vuqokndrkZ
johUnzukFk Bkdqj% xhrkatfy% laLd`r vkdkneh
t;'kadj izlkn% dkek;uh laLd`r vkdkneh
/keZxzUFk% dqjku%@ckbfcy% ous'ojikBd%
rsukyhjkedFkk vkseizdk'k Bkdqj%
,oe~ vusds izfl)k% xzUFkk% bnkuha laLd`r&Hkk"kk;ke~ vuwfnrk% lfUrA
26-7 i=if=dk%
dL;k% vfi Hkk"kk;k% lelkef;dlkfgR;a iwoZa if=dklq ,o izdk';rsA lEiw.kZHkkjrsfofo/ks"kq izkUrs"kq vusdkfHk% laLFkkfHk% 'krkf/kdk% i=if=dk% izdk';UrsA =hf.k lekpkj&i=kf.k nSfudkfu lfUr & lq/kekZ] uoizHkkre~] Hkkjro"kZturknSfudlaLd`re~ bfrAprlz% if=dk% lkIrkfgD;% lfUrA ,oa dk'pu if=dk% ekls ekl};s] ekl=;s okizdk';UrsA ,rklq if=dklq fofo/kk% lekpkjk%] 'kks/kdk;kZf.k] dfork% /kkjkokfgd:is.ki|dkO;kfu] x|dkO;kfu p izdk';UrsA Hkkjrh;fo'olaLdre~ vokZphulaLdre~ pUnkekek]lEHkk"k.klaLd`re~] fo'oHkk"kk] laLÑre×tjh bR;kfnif=dk% fo'ks"k:is.k yksdfiz;k%lfUrA
^if.Mr{kekjko* bfr
11laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
2727272727
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
lEizfr loZfLeu~ txfr laLÑrL; Hkkjrh;&laLd`rs'p vizfrea egÙoa loSZ%LohfØ;rsA ;nk vU;= laLd`rs% mn~Hko% vfi u tkr% rnk Hkkjrs laLd`fr% izxrs%
ijkdk"Bka izkIrorhA laLd`r&Hkk"kk;ka osn&osnk¬s"kq] nk'kZfudxzUFks"kq /keZ'kkL=kfn"kq p udsoya /kkfeZda rkfÙoda p fpUrue~ miyH;rs vfirq ekuofgrk; oSKkfudfpUruefiins ins izkI;rsA vr% HkkjrHkwekS izkphudkyr% ,o Kku&foKku&ijEijk izorZrsAxf.kr&T;k sfr"k ~&jlk;u&Hkk S frdh&[kxk syfoKku&vk;qo s Zn&okLrqfoKku&d`f"kfoKku&i;kZoj.kfoKkuknhuka izHkwra Kkue~ vLekda izkphuxzUFks"kq lféfgra orZrsAvfLeu~ ikBs o;a dfri;s"kq oSKkfudfo"k;s"kq Hkkjrh;&euhf"k.kka fof'k"Vsu ;ksxnkusuifjfprk% Hkoke%A
mís';kfu
bea ikBa ifBRok Hkoku~
l xf.kr&T;ksfr''kkL=;ks% vk;ZHkVL; HkkLdjkpk;ZL; p vonkuL; o.kZua dfj";frAl fpfdRlk{ks=s pjdlqJqr;ks% ;ksxnkuL; foospua dfj";frAl Ñf"kfoKkus Hkkjrh;fpUruL; mi;ksfxrka o.kZf;";frAl okLrqfoKkus foeku'kkL=s p Hkkjrh;oSKkfudkuka fpUruL; egÙpa izfriknf;";frAl i;kZoj.kfoKkus lféfgr&fpUrue~ vfHkO;Dra dfj";frAl izkphuHkkjrh;euhf"k.kka oSKkfudfpUruL; orZekus izklf¬drk;k% ewY;k³~dua
dfj";frA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
12
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
§§§§§
fØ;kdyki%
la[;k xzgL; uke lw;kZr~ nwjrk O;kl%¼n'ky{k fdyksehVj%½ ¼fdyksehVj%½
1 cq/k% 58 4]878
2 'kqØ% 108 12]104
3 i`fFkoh 150 12]756
4 Eakxy% ----- {kqnzxzgk% 228 6]796
5 c`gLifr% 778 1]43]00
6 'kfu% 1427 120]540
7 v#.k% ¼;wjsul½ 2]869 51]120
8 o#.k% ¼usIP;wu½ 4]496 49]500
9 ;e% ¼IywVks½ 5]900 3]000
mifj vfÄïra fp=a n`"V~ok v/kksfyf[krku~ iz'uku~ mÙkjr&
1- i`fFkO;k% fudVre% xzg% d%\
2- d;ks% xzg;ks% e/;s {kqnzxzgk% lfUr\
3- i`fFkoh d;ks% xzg;ks% e/;s fLFkrk vfLr\
27-1 v/kquk voxPNke%
izFke% va'k%xf.kre~
Hkkjrs xf.krfoKkuL; izkjEHk% oSfnddkykr~ ,o vHkor~A oSfnd&ok³~e;s rkRdkfyds"kqvU;s"kq xzUFks"kq p xf.krh;kuke~ va'kkuke~ mYys[k% fo'ks"kr% n`';rsA txfr ,rr~
27.1
{kqnzxzgk%
'kqØ
13laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
LohfØ;rs ;r~ cgwuka xf.krh;ka'kkuke~ vkjEHk% Hkkjrs ,o tkr%A ,oa fg cgwfu viwokZf.kewyHkwrkfu vuqlU/kkukfu v= ,o vHkou~A i'pkr~ vU;ns'kh;S% vfi bna Kkua HkkjrknsoizkIre~A
bnkuha o;a ds"kkf×pr~ egÙoiw.kkZuke~ vuqlU/kkukuka fo"k;s foospua dfj";ke%A
n'kek³~~di)fr%
lkEizra loZ= iz;qDrk ^n'kek³~di)fr%* rq HkkjrL; ,o egÙoiw.kZa ;ksxnkua orZrsA,rL;ka i)rkS 1&9 v¡k% 'kwU;a p mi;qT;UrsA vL;ka LFkkuifjorZusu lg v³~dkukaewY;s ifjorZuefi v¬hfØ;rsA ,"kk i)fr% f}lglzo"ksZH;% iwoZe~ ,o Hkkjrs izpfyrkvklhr~A
'kwU;e~
laLd`rHkk"kk;ka *'kwU;e~ ¼ 0 ½ ukfLrRoa lwp;frA v³~dLFkkuk/kkfjrk ewY;fu'p;i)fr%,o 'kwU;L; vUos"k.ks ewye~A 'kwU;L; vo/kkj.kk vfi loZizFkea laLÑrok³~e;s ,oizkI;rsA fi³~xyL; NUn%lw=s ¼200 bZ- iw-½ 'kwU;L; l³~dsr% yH;rsA
ckS/kk;ulw=e~ ¼ikbFkkxksjl&fl)kUr%½
d [k2 $ [k x2 ¾ d x2
yEc%2 $ vk/kkj%2 ¾ d.kZ%2
bnkuha ikbFkkxksjlfl)kUrukEuk izfFkr% ,"k% fu;e% ikbFkxksjlkr~ lglzkf/kdo"ksZH;%iwoZe~ ,o fufeZr% vklhr~A ikbFkxksjlegksn;% rL; foLrkja Ñroku~A v;a izes;% ewyr%rq 'kqYoizes;% orZrsA 'kqDy;tqosZnL; ckS/kk;u'kqYolw=s] dkR;k;u'kqYolw=s] vkiLrEc'kqYolw=sekuo'kqYolw=s p ,rr~ lw=e~ miyH;rsA ckS/kk;ukn;% equ;% ,ra fu;ea izfrik|;Fkk;ksX;a fooj.ke~ vfi nÙkoUr%A fofHkékdkjk.kka ;Kosnhuka fuekZ.ks ,rL; fl)kUrL;mi;ksx% fØ;rs LeA
*ikbZ^ bR;L; ewY;e~
vk;ZHkV~L; ¼476 bZ-½ xf.krT;ksfrfoZKku{ks=s egÙoiw.kZa ;ksxnkue~ vfLrA l% 121'yksdkReds ^vk;ZHkVh;e~ bfr xzUFks loZizFkea o`ÙkL; ifjf/kO;kl;ks% vuqikrL; ¼πikbZ½ bR;L; ewY;a fu/kkZfjroku~A rr~ 3-1416 HkofrA vk/kqfudoSKkfudkuka ers vfi
d
x[k
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
14
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p,rr~ ewY;a 3-1416926 orZrsA vk;ZHkVsu ,o izfrikfnre~ ;r~ & Þe`Ttyf'kf[kok;qH;ksHkwxksy% loZrks o`Ùk%ßA
i`fFkO;k% lw;Za ifjr% ifjHkze.ke~
vk;ZHkVsu ,o LoxzUFks Þi`fFkoh lw;Za ifjr% ifjHkzefrß bR;fi lkf/kre~ vfLrA
vk;ZHkV~L; vewY;a ;ksxnkua eufl fu/kk; ,o Hkkjrh;S% oSKkfudS% rL; ukEuk*vk;ZHkV%^ mixzgks·fi fofufeZr%A
laLÑrok³~e;s vk;ZHkVln`'kkuka xf.krKkuke~ ,dk egrh ijEijk fo|rsA ds"kkf×pr~izeq[kxf.krKkuka ukekfu v= fy[;Urs &
¼1½ vk;ZHkV% ¼476 bZ-½ & vk;ZHkVh;e~
¼2½ czãxqIr% ¼598&660 bZ-½ & czãLQqVfl)kUr%
¼3½ Jh/kj% ¼750 bZ-½ & [k.M[kk|dj.ke~] f='kfrdk] ikVh xf.kre~] chtxf.kre~ pA
¼4½ egkohjkpk;Z% ¼850 bZ-½ & xf.krlkjlaxzg%
¼5½ Jhifr% ¼1039 bZ-½ & fl)kUr'ks[kj%] xf.krfryde~
¼6½ HkkLdjkpk;Z% f}rh;% ¼1114 bZ-½ & fl)kUrf'kjksef.k%] dj.kdqrwgye~] yhykorh]chtxf.kre~
/ku_.kxq.kfoHkkxknhuka Kkue~
;tqosZnL; eU=s"kq /ku&_.k&xq.k foHkkxknhuka ifjKkuefi miyH;rs & Þ,dk p esfrlz'p es frlz'p es i×ppes i×p p es lIr p es lIr p es uo p es uo p esAß
¼;tqosZn% 18-24½
la[;kfo"k;da fpUrue~
_Xosns *1000^ bR;FksZ *lglze~^] *10]000^ bR;FksZ *v;qre~^ bR;L; iz;ksx% vusd'k%Ñr%A
;tqoZsnL; oktlus;hlafgrk;ka lIrn'ks v/;k;s ,dk la[;kuka ukelwph orZrs&
n'ku~ & ¼101½ 'kre~ & ¼102½
lglze~ & ¼103½ v;qre~ & ¼104½ fu;qre~ & ¼105½ iz;qre~ & ¼106½
vcqZne~ & ¼107½ U;cqZne~ & ¼108½ leqnze~ & ¼109½
e/;e~ & ¼1010½ vUre~ & ¼1011½ ijk)Ze~ & ¼1012½
dksfVr% vxzs y{kxq.kuksÙkjiz.kkY;k% ,da lqUnje~ mnkgj.ka okYehfdjkek;.ks ;q)dk.MsizkI;rsA b;a y{kksÙkjiz.kkyh rkfydk:is.k v/k% iznh;rs &
dksfV% & ¼107½ 'k³~dq% & ¼1012½ egk'k³~dq% & ¼1017½
o`Une~ & ¼1022½ egko`Une~ & ¼1027½
15laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
in~ee~ & ¼1032½ egkin~ee~ & ¼1037½
[koZe~ & ¼1042½ egk[koZe~ & ¼1047½
leqnze~ & ¼1050½ vks?k% & ¼1055½ egkvks?k% & ¼1060½
vL;k% y{kx.kuksÙkjiz.kkY;k% mi;ksxa d`Rok 'kqdukexqIrpj% jko.ka jkeL; lsuk;k%;ks)kuka la[;ke~ vdFk;r~A rL; lsuk;ka dksfVlglza 'k³dwuka 'kra] egk'k³~dqlglza]oUn'kra] egkoUnlglza] in~e'kra] egkin~elglza] [koZ'kra] leqnz'kra] vks/k'kra] egkS?k'kra]dksfVegkS?k% lSfudk%] foHkh"k.k%] lqxzho%] rL; lfpok'p vklu~A vFkkZr~ jkeL;lSU;cykfu &
¼1010$1014$1020$1024$1030$1034$1040$1044$1052$1057$1062$1067$5½ vklu~A
T;ksfr''kkL=e~
oSfndok³~e;s *T;ksfr"k~ bfr uke osnk¬a orZrsA vla[;k% xzgk% lfUr] vU;lkSje.Mykfuvfi Hkforqe~ vgZfUr bR;kn;% fopkjk% Hkkjrh;s T;ksfr''kkL=s :<ewyk% lfUrA xzgk.kkafLFkfr% ijLijkd"kZ.ka] xzg.kLo:ie~ bR;knhfu v= foLrjs.k mDrkfuA u{k=x.kuk;k%]xzgfopkj.kk;k% dkyx.kuk;k'p foy{k.kk {kerk Hkkjrh;T;ksfr''kkfL="kq vklhr~AdqtxzgL; ¼eaxyxzgL;½ Lo:ia Þpiy% ljDrxkSj% eTtklkj'p ekgs;%ß bR;soe~vkpk;Z% ojkgfefgj% mDroku~A vk/kqfud oSKkfudk% onfUr & ÞdqtL; mifjmxzrq"kkjkoj.ke~ vfLr rsu l% jDro.kZ;qDr% /koyo.kZ% r= n`';rsß bfrA Þdqt%ß¼Hkwfeiq=%½ bfr 'kCn% ,o rn~xzgs tholEHkkO;rka izdk'k;frA vk/kqfudk% fo}kal% vfi,rr~ ,o onfUr [kyqA *lw;kZnhuka l×pkj% Hkzeewy% Þ ß xzgk.kka Loizdk'krk ukfLrAbR;kn;% cgo% oSKkfudk% fl)kUrk% vk;ZHkVsu izfrikfnrk%A
*QfyrT;ksfr''kkL=L; fodkls iwoZe/;dky% egÙoiw.kZ%A fl)kUrlafgrkgksjkfnHksnkukafuekZ.ke~] vadxf.krL;] chtxf.krL; js[kkxf.krL; p fl)kUrkuka fodkl% vfLeu~,o dkys vHkor~A^ QfyrT;ksfr"k~^ vfi vL; ,o dkyL; vonkue~A vkpk;Z%ojkgfefgj% vL; ;qxL; fo}Rlq vxzx.;%A cgn~tkrde~] i×pfl)kfUrdk] cgn~;k=k]c`gn~lafgrk p vL; izfrfuf/kxzUFkk% orZUrsA
Hkkjrh;T;ksfr''kkL=s HkkLdjkpk;ZL; Þfl)kUrf'kjksef.k%ß vfi izfl)% xzUFk%A vL;yhykorh] chtxf.kr a ] x zgxf.kr a xk syk/;k;'p pRokj% Hkkxk% lfUrAT;ksfr''kkL=fo"k;dkuka xzUFkkuka jpukijEijk izkphudkyr% izkjC/kk v|kfi izpyfrA
ikBxriz'uk% 27-1
1- vk;ZHkVL; tUe dnk vHkor~\
2- vk;ZHkVL; xzUFkL; uke fde~\
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
16
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p3- vk;ZHkVsu π ¼ikb½ bR;L; fda ewY;e~ fu/kkZfjre~\
4- yEc 2 $ vk/kkj% 2 ¾ ------------------A
5- *fl)kUrf'kjksef.k%^ xzUFk% dsu fyf[kr%\
6- ojkgfefgjL; izfrfuf/kxzUFkkuka ukekfu dkfu\
f}rh;% va'k%
27-2 vk;qosZn%
vk;qosZn% foKkuL; rr~ {ks=a ;fLeu~ fodklL; lokZf/kda lEHkkouk orZrsA vL; egÙoalkoZHkkSfeda lkoZdkfyd×p fo|rsA vkjksX;L; egÙoa loSZ% loZnk LohfØ;rsA mDr×p&
/kekZFkZdkeeks{kk.kkekjksX;a ewyeqÙkee~A
jksxkLrL;kigÙkkZj% Js;lks thforL; pAA
vr ,o o;a dke;ke% & Þthose 'kjn% 'kre~ßA vk;qosZnL; mís';e~ vfLr &LokLF;j{k.ka jksxkuka fuokj.ka pA vk;qosZnL; x.kuk prq"kqZ miosns"kq HkofrA ,"k% izk;%_XosnL; miosn% eU;rsA ija ds"kkf×pr~ fonq"kka ers ,"k% vFkoZosnL; miosn%AloZizFkee~ vFkoZosns ,o ekuojksxk%] i'kqjksxk% rs"kka izfrdkjk'p of.kZrk%A
Hkkjrh;ijEijkuqlkja czãk loZizFkea vk;qosZnL; izorZue~ vdjksr~A rnuUrja iztkifr%]vf'oukS] bUnz'p Øe'k% vk;qosZnfo|ke~ vf/kxroUr%A bUnz% ,rL;k% fo|k;k% izorZuayksds d`roku~A yksds vL;k% frlz% ijEijk% tkrk%&
¼d½ Hkj}ktijEijk ¼[k½ /kUoUrfjijEijk ¼x½ dk';ijEijk pA
vk;qosZnL; xzUFkk% vfi f=fo/kk%&
¼d½ lafgrk&xzUFkk% ¼[k½ O;k[;k&xzUFkk% ¼x½ fof'k"Vfo"k;k/k`rk% xzUFkk%
v= vk;qosZnL; izeq[kxzUFkkuka laf{kIrifjp;% iznh;rs&
¼d½ pjdlafgrk& 120 v/;k;kReds vfLeu~ xzUFkslosZ"kka fo"k;kuka izfriknua d`re~A vfLeu~ izeq[kr;kf=nks"ko.kZua d`re~A xzUFks·fLeu~ loZs"kka jksxk.kka fpfdRlkof.kZrkA
¼[k½ lqJqrlafgrk& vfLeu~ xzUFks vfi 120 v/;k;k%lfUrA vfLeu~ izeq[kr;k 'kY;&fØ;k;k% o.kZua'kY;&fØ;k;k% midj.kkuka ifjp;% p izkI;srsAlqJqrlafgrk;ka loZizFkea Rod~izR;kjksi.kL; o.kZua d`re~A 27-2% tya ihRok oeufØ;;k
fiÙkjksx'keue~
17laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
¼x½ v"Vk¬¬¬¬¬ân;e~& 661 'krkC|ka okXHkVsu fojfprsvfLeu~ xzUFks jlk;urU=L; o.kZua fo'ks"k:is.k miyH;rsAokXHkVL;So *v"VkÂlaxzg%^ vfi izeq[k% xzUFk% orZrsA
¼?k½ Hkkoizdk'k% & "kksM'k'krkC|ka HkkofeJs.k fojfprsvfLeu~ xzUFks losZ"kke~ v¬kuka fpfdRlk;k% o.kZua fo|rsA
ek/koL; ek/kofunkue~] 'kk¬Z/kjL; 'kk¬Z/kji)fr%] o`UnL;flf);ksx%] okXHkVL; jljRuleqPp;% xksfoUnnklL;HkS"kT;jRukoyh bR;kn;% vfi vk;qosZnL; egÙoiw.kkZ% xzUFkk%lfUrA vk;qosZnL; vks"k/khuka xq.knks"ko.kZukFkZa fu?kUVqxzUFkk%vfi fojfprk%A /kUoUrfjfu?k.Vq%] enuikyfu?k.Vq%] 'kCniznhi%jktfu?k.Vq'p mYys[kuh;k% xzUFkk% orZUrsA
27-3 Ñf"kfoKkue~
d`"ks% egÙoa izfrikn;u~ _Xosns mDre~ & *Ñf"kfer~ Ñ"kLo^ bfrA vFkkZr~ Ñf"k% ,oJs"Ba deZaA vr% Ñf"k% ,o dk;kZA Ñf"kfoKku{ks=s prqFkZ'krkC|ka egf"kZijk'kjs.k fojfpr%ÞÑf"kijk'kj%ß Ñf"k'kkL=L; fo'odks"k% dFkf;rqa 'kD;rsA
vfLeu~ xzUFks d`f"kfof/k% lE;d~:is.k of.kZr%A
véL; egÙoe~
xhrk;ka Hkxork Jhd`".ksu dfFkre~ &
vékn~ HkofUr Hkwrkfu itZU;knélEHko%A
;Kkn~ HkofUr itZU;ks ;K% deZleqn~Hko%AA ¼xhrk & 3&14½
d`f"kijk'kjs vfi véL; d`"ks'p egÙoa lE;d~ miof.kZre~ &
véa izk.kk% cya pkéeéa lokZFkZlk/kue~A
nsoklqjeuq";k'p losZ vékksithfou%AA
véa fg /kkU;a latkra /kkU;a d`";k fouk u pA
rLekr~ loZa ifjR;T; d`f"ka ;Rusu dkj;sr~AA
o`f"V&vuqekus es?kkuka egÙoe~ & ¼d`f"k ijk'kj% & 4-7½
Ñf"kfoKkus o`"Vs% egÙoa loZfofnre~A o`"Vs% vuqekus es?kkuka Lo:iL; ifjKkue~vR;f/kda lkgk¸;a HkofrA laLÑrok³~e;s i;ksnL; pRokj% Hksnk% ly{k.ke~ miof.kZrk%&
vkorZ'pSo laorZ% iq"djks nzks.k ,o pApRokjks tynk% izksDrk vkoÙkkZfn;FkkØee~AA
27-3% tykSdL; iz;ksxs.koz.kfpfdRlk i)fr%AtykSd% v'kq)a jDra
ficfrA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
18
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% po`"Vs% ek=k;k% Kkue~
o`"Vs% ek=ka Kkrqefi izfØ;k% vklu~A tyk<dizfØ;;k nzks.k&o`f"V% ¾ pRokj% vk<dk%¾ 6-4 ls.VhehVjfere~A
dq= fd;rh o`f"V% Hkofr bfr o.kZ;u~ egf"kZ% ijk'kj% dFk;fr &
leqnzs n'kkHkkxka'p "kM~Hkkxkufi ioZrsA
i`fFkO;ka prqjks Hkkxku~ lnk o"kZfr oklo%A ¼Ñf"kijk'kj%] 29½
;fn Ñf"kO;oLFkk lE;d~ fØ;rs rfgZ le`f)% iztk;rsA
Ñf"kdk;sZ tycU/k&tylspukfnO;oLFkk &
egkHkkjrs mfYyf[kra ;r~ rnkuhUruS% tuS% vkgkjksRiknufo"k;s vR;f/kde~ vo/kkuanÙke~ vklhr~A r|Fkk &
{ks=a fg jlor~ 'kq)a d"kZds.kksiikfnre~A
_rs o"kZa u dkSUrs; tkrq fuoZrZ;sr~ Qye~AA
r= oS ikS#"ka czw;q% vklsda ;Rudkfjre~A
r= pkfi /kzqoa i';sr~ 'kks"k.ka nSodkfjre~AA ¼eHkk- m|ksxioZf.k&79½
mÙkea jlonfi {ks=a o`"V~;k fouk Qya u nnkfrA vr% ;nk o`f"V% u Hkofr rnk r=iz;Rusu vklspua d`Rok tyO;oLFkk dj.kh;kA rsu ,rr~ fl)a Hkofr ;r~ egkHkkjr;qxso`"Vs% vHkkodkys lL;kuka tylspuL; d`rdsu fo/kkusu O;oLFkk fØ;rs LeA
egkHkkjrs O;kl% lsrqe~ ¼tycU/ke~½ mnkgjfr &
e;kZnk;ka /keZlsrqfuZc)ks uSo lhnfrA
iq"V% lzksr boklDr% LQhrks Hkofr l×p;%AA ¼'kkfUrioZf.k&298½
;Fkk u|ka lE;d~ fuc)% lsrq% lzksrl% o/kZua djksfr] rFkk /keZ% vfi riLl×p;afoLrkj;fr bfr vL; vfHkizk;%A
,rsu Li"Va Hkofr ;r~ egkHkkjrdkys vfi d`f"kdk;kZfnfufeÙka tycU/kk% r= r=fuehZ;Urs LeA
Hk`xqxxZd';ikfneg"khZ.kka xzUFks"kq vfi ;= r= d`f"kfoKkuL; fl)kUrk% n`';UrsAvkpk;Zojkgfefgjs.kkfi *c`gRlafgrk^&bfr xzUFks d`f"kfoKkuL; fofo/kkfu rF;kfulE;d~r;k fu:firkfu lfUrA
27-4 okLrq&foKkue~
*okLrq bR;L; vFkZ% & olfUr izkf.kuks ;= vFkok olUR;= bfrA x`ga fouk x`gLFkL;lokZ% fØ;k% u fl/;fUr] vr% x`gkfnfuekZ.kL; foKkue~ vR;f/kda egÙoiw.kZa fo|rsA
19laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% pizkphuHkkjrs mRd`"Va okLrqfoKkue~ vklhr~A flU/kqlH;rkfp=kf.k izk;% lokZu~
vk'p;Zpfdrku~ dqoZfUr ,oA r=R;k okLrqfo|k vfrizkphuk vR;qRd`"Vk pA d.kkZVdscsywjs fo|eku% HkwfeLi'kZjfgr% LrEHk%] dks.kkdZ&{ks=L; lw;Znsoky;%] ÜkaxsjhLrEHkk%]vuUriqjhLFkk% lIrLojizHkok% e.Mik/kkjk% LrEHkk%] vtUrk&,Yyksjkxqgk%] nsgyhLFk%yksgLrEHk% bR;kn;% Hkkjrh;okLrqfo|k;k% xfjek.ka izek.khdqoZfUrA lejk¬.klw=/kkj%]cgRlafgrk] vFkZ'kkL=e~] e;ere~ e;lkj%] euq";ky;pfUnzdk] lqizHksnkxe%] okLrqjRukoyh]dkfedkxe%] cgn~okLrqekyk bR;kfn"kq vusds"kq xzUFks"kq okLrq'kkL=a fu:fire~ vfLrA
eRL;iqjk.ks fo[;krkuke~ v"Vkn'kokLrq'kkL=ksins'kdkuka ukekfu izkI;Urs &
Hk`xqjf=ofl"B'p fo'odekZ e;LrFkkA
ukjnks uXuftPpSo fo'kkyk{kiqjUnj%AA
czãk dqekjks unh'k% 'kkSudks xxZ ,o pA
oklqnsoks·fXu#)'p rFkk 'kqØc`gLirhA
v"Vkn'kSrs fo[;krk okLrq'kkL=ksins'kdk%AA ¼eRL;iqjk.ke~ 252@2&4½
cgRlafgrk;ka euq&ofl"B&e;&uXuftr~ bR;kfnfHk% vkpk;SZ% fufeZrkuka izklkny{k.kkuke~mYys[k% v|kfi fo|rsA HkkstL; lejk¬.klw=lkjs lw;ksZn;dkyL; egÙoa izfrikfnre~Ar= mDra ;r~ x`gL; vxzs *c`gn~o`{kk% u Hkos;q% & lw;ksZöok nqzePNk;k /otPNk;k pxfgZrkA }kjkfrØe.kknsrk% {kqn~O;kf/kdfydkjdk%AA
27-5 foeku'kkL=e~
ok;qizokgr% mRiée~ ÅtZa] lkSjkstZe~] brjsU/kukstZa p mi;qT; l×pk;Zek.kkuka foekukukao.kZua laLdrok³~e;s ;= r= izkI;rsA Hkj}kteg"ksZ% ¼500 bZ-iw-½ ;U=loZLoe~] ;U=k.kZoe~]foeku'kkL=e~] va'kcksf/kuh] vxLR;equs% 'kfDrlw=e~] bZ'ojL; lkSnkfeuhdyk] Hkj}ktL;Sova'kqHkrU=a] 'kkdVk;uL; ok;q&rÙoizdj.ka oS'oek#rrU=a p] ukjnL; /kweizdj.ke~bR;knhuka foeku'kkL=lEc)kuka xzUFkkuke~ mYys[k% n`';rsA HkkstL; lejk¬.k&lw=/kkja] 'kkSudeg"ksZ% O;kse;kurU=a] xxZL; ;U=dYi%] ukjk;.kL; foekupfUnzdk]pØk;fuequs% dsrq;ku&iznhfidk bR;kn;% vusds xzUFkk% vfi foeku'kkL=lEc)k% ,oA
foekuL; vojksg.kdkys HkwLi'kZle;s pSo vi?kkrL; lEHkkouk vf/kdk Hkofr bfrHkj}ktegf"kZ% dFk;frA v|kfi lk ,o fLFkfr% orZrsA
ikBxriz'uk% 27-2 d
fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
1- lejk¬.klw=/kkjL; jpukdkj%------------------ orZrsA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
20
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p2- ojkgfefgjL; iz[;krL; xzUFkL; uke ------------- vfLrA
3- Ñf"kijk'kj% --------------- fo"k;L; xzUFk% vfLrA
4- dkSfVY;kFkZ'kkL=e~------------------- fojfpre~A
5- vk;qosZnL; vks"k/khuka xq.knks"ko.kZukFkZa ----------------- vfi fojfprk%A
6- v"Vk‰n;e~----------------- fo"k;L; xzUFk%A
7- eRL;iqjk.ks-------------------------okLrqfoKkfuuka ukekfu fyf[krkfuA
8- olfUr izkf.ku% ;= bfr---------------- mP;rsA
9- es?kkuka----------------------- Hksnk% d`f"kijk'kjs of.kZrk%A
10- x`gL; vxzs-------------------------- u Hkos;q%
ikBxriz'uk% 27-2 [k
v/kksfyf[kriz'ukuke~ mfpre~ mÙkja fpuqr
1- foeku'kkL=L; jpf;rk dks·fLr \
¼d½ pjd% ¼[k½ lqJqr% ¼x½ egf"kZHkj}kt% ¼?k½ x.ks'k nSoK%A
2- ;U=loZLoe~ dL; fo"k;L; xzUFkks·fLr \
¼d½ vk;qosZnL; ¼[k½ xf.krL; ¼x½ T;ksfr''kkL=L; ¼?k½ foeku'kkL=L;A
3- fuEufyf[krs"kq xzUFks"kq dks xzUFk% Hkj}ktsu fojfprks ukfLr \
¼d½ ;U=loZLoe~ ¼[k½ ;U=k.kZoe~ ¼x½ ;U=rU=e~ ¼?k½ va'kqcksf/kuhA
4- Hkj}ktL; d% dky% orZrs \
¼d½ 400 bZ-iw- ¼[k½ 500 bZ-iw- ¼x½ 100 bZ-iw- ¼?k½ 200 bZ-iw-
5- va'kqHkrU=e~ dL; jpuk vfLr \
¼d½ egf"kZHkj}ktL; ¼[k½ egf"kZd.oL; ¼x½ egf"kZ xkSreL; ¼?k½ egf"kZdfiyL;A
r`rh;% va'k%
27-6 i;kZoj.kfoKkue~
laLÑrok³~e;s i;kZoj.kfoKkus vfi ins&ins ekxZn'kZua izkI;rsA ;r~ ifjr% vko`.kksfrrn~ ,o i;kZoj.ke~ dF;rsA vFkkZr~ izd`fr% ,o i;kZoj.ke~A i`fFkoh] ok;q%] tye~]vkdk'k%] izdk'k%] ouLir;%] i'kqif{k.k%] bR;kn;% i;kZoj.kL; izeq[kkfu v¬kfulfUrA izd`rkS ifjO;kIrkfu i×pegkHkwrkfu ekuo'kjhjs vfi lfékfgrkfuA vr%i;kZoj.klaj{k.kk; izd`frekuo;ks% ikjLifjda lUrqyue~ vfuok;Ze~A izd`fr% izfr{k.kaekuoL; fgrlEiknus fujrkA vr% ekuosu vfi lrra rL;k% Lo:ia laj{k.kh;e~A
21laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
iznwf"krs i;kZoj.ks ekuothouL; dYiuk vfi nq"djkA vLekda oSfnd_f"kfHk%izkphueuhf"kfHk'p ,rkfu rF;kfu lE;d~ vkRelkr~d`rkfuA rS% izkÑfrdrÙokukansork:is iwtk ÑrkA i;kZoj.kL; ifj"dj.kk; ;KlaLFkk p laLFkkfirkA
27-4% i;kZoj.k iznw"k.ke~
lEizfr laLdrok³~e;r% dkfufpr~ mnkgj.kkfu izkphuHkkjrh;euhf"k.kka i;kZoj.kpsrukaizek.khdqÙkqZe~ v= izLrw;UrsA
'kqDy;tqosZns fo'oi;kZoj.kL; ifj"dkjk; _"k;% izkFkZ;fUr &
|kS% 'kkfUr%A vUrfj{ka 'kkfUr%A i`fFkoh 'kkfUr%A
vki% 'kkfUr%A vks"k/k;% 'kkfUr%A ouLir;% 'kkfUr%A
fo'os nsok% 'kkfUr%A czã 'kkfUr%A loZa 'kkfUr%A
'kkfUrjso 'kkfUr%A lk ek 'kkfUrjsf/kAA
xhrk;ka Hkxork d".ksu Þv'oRFk% loZo{kk.kke~ßbfr mDRok v'oRFko`{kL; ¼ihiy½ mRd`"VrkizfrikfnrkA v'oRFko`{kL; egÙoa u dsoya/kkfeZdn`"V~;k vfirq oSKkfudn`"V~;k vfiorZrsA ,"k% o{k% lokZf/kda *vkWDlhtu^ bR;L;mRltZua djksfrA
vfXuiqjk.ks dfFkre~ &
fØ;rs i=foPNsn% liq"iQyfuLrisA
vuko`f"VHk;a ?kksja rfLeu~ ns'ks iztk;rsAA
27-5% v'oRFk%
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
22
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% pvusu dFkusu fl);rs ;r~ izd`fra izfr fgalk;k% nq"ifj.kke% ekuoL; vdY;k.kk;HkofrA
i×prU=s mn~?kksf"kre~ &
fgaldkU;fi Hkwrkfu ;ks fgufLr l fu?kZZ.k%A
l ;kfr ujda ?kksja----------------------------------------A
vFkkZr~ fgaldkukefi izkf.kuka fgalk n.Muh;kA lezkV~ v'kksd% vfi vkfn"Voku~ ;r~i'kwuka if{k.kka p guua n.MkgZe~A
egkdfo% dkfynkl% vfi LodkO;s"kq izd`frekuo;ks% e/;s ,dka foy{k.kka laosnu'khyrkaizLrkSfrA vfHkKku'kkdqUrys d.o_f"k% o`{kknhu~ lEcks/; onfr &
ÞHkks% Hkks% lafufgrkLriksourjo%A
ikrqa u izFkea O;oL;fr tya ;q"ekLoihrs"kq ;kA
uknÙks fiz;e.Mukfi Hkorka Lusgsu ;k iYyoe~A
vk|s o% dqlqeizlwfr le;s ;L;k% HkoR;qRlo%A
ls;a ;kfr 'kdqUryk ifrx`ga loSZjuqKk;rke~AAß
fo'olkfgR;s loZizFkea vFkoZosns _f"k% Hkwfea ekrins izfr"BkI; vkRekua iq=e~ mn~?kks"k;fr&
Þekrk Hkwfe% iq=ks·ga i`fFkO;k%ß
vr ,o osnk% dFk;fUr &
Þ'kUuks f}inks 'kUuks prq"inksß
ifj"d`ri;kZoj.ks fuolrka Hkkjrh;kuka ekufldi;kZoj.kefi LoLFke~ vklhr~A vr% rslosZ"kka d`rs dY;k.ke~ vdke;u~A
ÞlosZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% losZ lUrq fujke;k%A
losZ Hknzkf.k i';Urq ek df'píq%[kHkkx~Hkosr~AA
ikBxriz'uk% 27-3
1- ;r~ ifjr% vko`.kksfr rr~ fda dF;rs\
2- osn _"k;% dL; iwtdk% vklu~\
3- 'kqDy;tqosZns dL; ifj"dkjk; izkFkZuk Ñrk\
4- xhrk;ka d`".ksu o`{kfo"k;s fde~ dfFkre~\
5- lezkV~ v'kksd% fde~ vkfn"Voku~\
6- vFkoZosns _f"k% Hkwes% vkReu'p lEcU/kfo"k;s fda dFk;fr \
23laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
27-7 fde~ vf/kxre~l laLÑr&ok³~e;s izHkwra oSKkfuda lkfgR;a orZrsA
l xf.kr'kkL=s vk;ZHkVL; ;ksxnkua egÙpiw.kZe~A
l 'kwU;L; vo/kkj.kk] n'kek¡i)fr% n'keyo&iz.kkyh] π ¼ikb½ bR;L;ewY;fu/kkZj.ka la[;k foKkue~ bR;knhuka vUos"k.ka laLÑrok³~e;L; izeq[ke~ vonkue~A
l T;ksfr''kkL=s HkkLdjkpk;ZL; fl)kUr&f'kjksef.k% izfl)% xzUFk% orZrsA yhykorhvL; ,o Hkkx% fo|rsA
l vk;qosZns vkpk;ZpjdL; pjdlafgrk] vkpk;Z&lqJqrL; lqJqrlafgrk p egÙoiw.kkSZxzUFkkSA lqJqr% izFke% Rod~izR;kjksi.kfo'ks"kK%A
l Ñf"kfoKkus ijk'kjL; Ñf"kijk'kj% Ñf"kfo"k;s fo'odks"k% ,oA
l okLrqfoKkuL; v"Vkn'kfo'ks"k.kkfu eRL;iqjk.ks ifjxf.krkfuA c`gRlafgrk;kaizklknfuekZ.kdyk foLrjs.k of.kZrkA
l egf"kZHkj}ktfojfprs ;U=loZLos foekufo"k;s egÙoiw.kkZ% vkfo"dkjk% iznÙkk%A
l laLd`rok³~e;s i;kZoj.klaj{k.kL; fl)kUrk% ins ins izkI;UrsA i;kZoj.klaj{k.kk;izdfrekuo;ks% ikjLifjda lUrqyue~ vfuok;Ze~A izdfr% izfr{k.ka ekuoL; fgrlEiknusfujrk] ekuosukfi lnSo i;kZoj.kL; j{k.ka dj.kh;e~A
27-8 ikBkUriz'uk%1- vk;ZHkVL; ;ksxnkua prq"kqZ okD;s"kq o.kZ;rA
2- vk;qosZnL; i×pkuka xzUFkkuka ukekfu fyf[kRok rs"kka oSf'k"V~;a o.kZ;rA
3- Ñf"kfoKkuL; egÙoa i×pokD;s"kq o.kZ;rA
4- n'kokLrq'kkL=ksins'kdkuka ukekfu fy[krA
5- ds"kkf×pr~ n'kfoeku'kkL=lEc)kuka xzUFkkuka ukekfu rs"kka ys[kdkukefi ukekfufy[krA
6- laLd`r&ok³~e;s dq=&dq= i;kZoj.klaj{k.kL; l³~dsrk% izkI;Urs\
7- i;kZoj.kL; laj{k.kk; Hkoku~ fda fda dfj";fr] "kM~okD;s"kq fy[krA
27-9 mÙkjkf.k
ikBxriz'uk%
27-1 1- 476 res o"ksZ 2- vk;ZHkVh;e~ 3- 3-1416
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
24
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p4- yEc 2 $ vk/kkj 2 ¾ d.kZ 2 5- HkkLdjkpk;sZ.k 6- leqnze~
7- c`gn~&tkrde~] i×pfl)kfUrdk] c`gn~;k=k] c`gn~&lafgrk pA
27-2 d 1- Hkkst% 2- c`gn~&lafgrk 3- Ñf"k&fo"k;L;
4- dkSfVY;su 5- fu?k.VqxzUFkk% 6- jlk;urU=e~ bfr@vk;qosZn%
7- v"Vkn'k 8- okLrq 9- pRokj% 10- c`gn~o`{kk%
27-2 [k 1- ¼x½ egf"kZ Hkj}kt% 2- ¼?k½ foeku'kkL=L; 3- ¼x½ ;U=rU=e~
4- ¼[k½ 500 bZ- iw- 5- ¼d½ egf"kZHkj}ktL;
27-3 1- i;kZoj.ke~ 2- izÑrs% 3- fo'oi;kZoj.kL;4- *v'oRFk% loZo`{kk.kke~ 5- i'kwuka if{k.kka p guua n.MkgZe~A
6- Þekrk Hkwfe% iq=ks·ga i`fFkO;k%Aß
27-8 ikBkUriz'uk%
l³~dsrk%
1- vk;ZHkVL; xf.krT;ksfrfoZKku{ks=s egÙoiw.kZa ;ksxnkua orZrsA rsu loZizFkea o`ÙkL;ifjf/kO;kl;ks% vuqikrL; p¼ikb½ bR;L; ewY;a 3-1416 bfr fu/kkZfjre~A rsu*i`fFkoh lw;Za ifjr% ifjHkzefr^ bfr lkf/kre~A *lw;kZnhuka l×pkj% Hkzeewy%^ Þxzgk.kkaLoizdk'krk ukfLr^ bR;kn;% cgo% oSKkfudfl)kUrk% vfi vk;ZHkVsu ,o izfrikfnrk%A
2- ¼1½ pjdlafgrk & vfLeu~ losZ"kka fo"k;kuka izfriknua d`re~A
¼2½ lqJqrlafgrk & vfLeu~ 'kY;fpfdRlk of.kZrkA
¼3½ v"Vk¬ân;e~ & vfLeu~ xzUFks jlk;urU=L; o.kZua fo'ks"k:is.k miyH;rsA
¼4½ Hkkoizdk'k% & vfLeu~ xzUFks losZ"kke~ v¬kuka fpfdRlk;k% o.kZua fo|rsA
¼5½ /kUoUrfjfu?k.Vq% & vfLeu~ vk;qosZnL; vks"k/khuka xq.knks"ko.kZua d`re~A
3- d`f"kfoKkuL; egÙoe~ & d`f"kfoKkuL; lkgk¸;su izHkwre~ mRd`"Va p vée~mRiknf;rqa 'kD;rsA *véa lokZFkZlk/kue~ bfr mDra d`f"kijk'kjsA vUua fouk thouaukfLrA vr% dL;kfi jk"VªL; le`f)% d`f"kfoKkus fuHkZjkA
4- 1- Hk`xq% 2- vf=% 3- ofl"B% 4- fo'odekZ 5- e;% 6- ukjn% 7- uXuftr~ 8- fo'kkyk{k%9- iqjUnj% 10- czãk
5- xzUFkk% ys[kdk%
¼1½ ;U=loZLoe~ & egf"kZ% Hkj}kt%
¼2½ ;U=k.kZoe~ & egf"kZ% Hkj}kt%
¼3½ 'kfDrlw=e~ & vxLR;%
¼4½ lkSnkfeuh dyk & bZ'oj%
¼5½ ok;qrÙoizdj.ke~ & 'kkdVk;u%
¼6½ /kweizdj.ke~ & ukjn%
25laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
HkkjrL; KkufoKkuijEijk
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p¼7½ O;kse;kurU=e~ & jkSud%
¼8½ ;U=dYie~ & xxZ%
¼9½ foekupfUnzdk & ukjk;.k%
¼9½ dsrq;ku iznhfidk & pØk;fueqfu%
6- 'kqDy;tqosZns] xhrk;ke~] vfXuiqjk.ks] i×prU=s] vfHkKku'kkdqUrys] vFkoZosns pi;kZoj.k laj{k.kL; l³~dsrk% izkI;UrsA
7- Lo;a dqoZUrqA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
26
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
2828282828
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k%Hkk"kk% p
Hkk"kk vLekda fopkjfofue;L; l'kDra lk/kue~ vfLrA vL;k% ekuothousu lg ?kfUk"B% lEcU/k% fo|rsA ekuo% ;Ueulk /;k;fr rn~okpk onfrA loZs tkufUr;nLekda fo'kkys Hkkjrns'ks fofHkUuizkUrokfluks tuk% LoizkUrh;Hkk"kk.kka iz;ksxa dqoZfUrAvleokflu% vlfe;k Hkk"kka] caxkyokflu% ck³~ykHkk"kka] rfeyukMqokflu% rfeyHkk"kka]fgUnhizns'kokflu% fgUnhHkk"kka Hkk"kUrsA bRFke~ vusdklka Hkk"kk.kka Hkkf"k.kks tuk% v=fuoLkfUrA laLÑre~ HkkjrL; lokZlka Hkk"kk.kka tuuh vfLrA rL;k% lEca/k% HkkjrL;lokZfHk% Hkk"kkfHk% lg orZrsA laLÑre~ lokZ% Hkkjrh;Hkk"kk% ;kst;fr] lao/kZ;fr pA
mís';kfu
bea ikBa ifBRok Hkoku~
l laLÑrewydkuka Hkkjrh;Hkk"kk.kka rkfydka fuekZL;fr(
l laLÑrHkk"k;k lg vU;&Hkkjrh;Hkk"kk.kka ewy'kCns"kq lkE;a LFkkif;";fr(
l Hkkjrh;Hkk"kk.kka laLÑrHkk"k;k lg lkE;a foKk; };ks% lEcU/ka Li"Vhdfj";fr(
l ledkyhuHkkjrh;lkfgR;s laLÑrL; izHkkoa n'kZ;u~ mnkgj.kkfu ysf[k";fr(
l Hkkjrh;lafo/kkuL; v"Ve&vuqlwP;ka ifjxf.krHkk"kk.kka ukekfu ysf[k";fr(
l lafo/kkus laLÑrk; iznÙka egÙoe~ fu:if;";frA
27laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
§§§§§
fØ;kdyki%
fuEufyf[krLraHk;ks% ^d* LraHks fofHkUuHkk"kk;k% dohuka ukekfu lfUr] ^[k* LraHks pxazFkkuka ukekfu lfUrA d% xzUFk% ewy:is.k dL;ka Hkk"kk;ka orZrs bfr Hkoku~ ^x* LraHksfy[krqA
^d* ^[k* ^x*
okYehfd% jkek;.ke~ ------------------------------------
t;'kadjizlkn% dkek;uh ------------------------------------
egf"kZosnO;kl% egkHkkjre~ ------------------------------------
'ksDlfi;j% vksFksyks ------------------------------------
johUnzukFkVSxksj% xhrkatfy% ------------------------------------
fr#oYyqoj% fr#Ddq#y ------------------------------------
rqylhnkl% jkepfjrekul% ------------------------------------
fo|kifr% inkoyh ------------------------------------
28-1 v/kquk voxPNke%
izFke% va'k%Hkk"kkfonka ers lalkjs "k..koR;f/kdf}lglz&lIr'kr la[;kdk% ¼2796½ Hkk"kk% lfUrAlaLÑrHkk"kk Hkkjksih;Hkk"kklq x.;rsA
rL; dkja.k fde~\ 'kCnkuka lkE;e~] O;kdj.kL; lkE;e~] /ouhuka lkE;e~&,fHk% f=fHk%dkj.kS% r= vusdklka Hkk"kk.kka lekos'k% tkr%
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
28
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% pHkkjr;ksjksih; ¼Hkkjksih;½ Hkk"kkifjokj%
¼vk;ZHkk"kk%½
;ksjksih;'kk[kk Hkkjrh;'kk[kk nzfoM+Hkk"kkifjokj%¼xzhd&ySfVu&V~;wVkfud ¼dUuM+] rfey&rsyqxq
Ýsap teZu&vaxzsth½ laLÑre~ ey;kye½
oSfndlaLÑre~
ykSfddlaLÑre~
ikfy%
izkÑre~
viHkza'k%
'kkSjlsuh ekx/kh v/kZekx/kh egkjk"Vªh iS'kkph czkpM
fgUnh] mnwZ] vlfe;k iwohZfgUnh ejkBh ygWnk flU/khcztHkk"kk caxkyh dksad.kh ¼i- iatkch½vo/kh mfM+;kxqtjkrh usikyhd'ehjh eSfFkyhiatkch fcgkjhMksxjh x<okyhigkM+h exgh
HkkstiqjhlaFkkyhc?ksyh
NÙkhlx<+hef.kiqjhcksMks
laLÑre~ fo'oL; izkphurek vk;ZHkk"kk vfLrA laLÑrL; }s :is Lr%& oSfndaykSfdd×pA laLÑrL; oSfnda :ia izkphuree~A rnzwia o;a _Xosns izkIuqe%A Hkon~fHk%vfi izFkeLok/;k;lksikus oSfndok³~e;L; ikB% ifBr%] Kkra p rn~:ie~A
laLÑrL; ykSfdda :ia okYehfdjkek;.ke~ bfr xzaFkkr~ izkjHkrsA ykSfddlaLÑre~izfl)su oS;kdj.ksu ikf.kfuuk O;kdj.kfu;eS% vkc/; fu;af=ra Ñre~A v|RosykSfddlaLÑrHkk"kk;k% O;kdj.kfu;ec)a :ieso loZ= n`';rsA laLÑrHkk"kkO;kdj.kfu;ec)r;k vU;klka Hkkjrh;Hkk"kk.kke~ vuq'kkfldk HkwRok ekxZn'kZua djksfrA
29laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
rklka lkfgR;e~] 'kCnHk.Mkj%] o.kZujhr;% laLÑrsu izHkkfork% lfUrA laLÑrL; izHkkos.kvU;klq Hkk"kklq /ofuLrjs] :iLrjs] okD;Lrjs vFkZLrjs p ifjorZua HkofrA rsulaLÑrL; oSKkfudrk Li"VhHkofrA
lwpukizkS|ksfxdhiz/kkus ;qxs·fLeu~ lax.kd;a=L; Ñrs laLÑrHkk"kk vR;Ura egÙoiw.kZe~oSKkfud×p tkre~A ;r% laLÑrokD;s"kq 'kCnkuka foHkfDr;qDra laf'y"V:ia lax.kd;a=k;Js"Ba fl)efLrA
izkphuf'kykys[ks"kq cgo% vfHkys[kk% laLÑrHkk"kk;ke~ ,o mRdh.kkZ% lfUrA r= dkj.kafde~\ cgqdkyi;ZUra HkkjrL; jkT;s"kq laLÑrL; iz;ksx% jktHkk"kk:is.k izkpyr~AT;ksfr"k~&xf.krfo"k;s"kq chtxf.kr&T;kfefrdxzaFkk% laLÑrHkk"kk;ka lfUr ;s"kka fo"k;sHkon~fHk% eq[;ikB~;iqLrds ifBresoA
ikfy&izkÑr&viHkza'kkuke~ mn~Hko%
vuUrja laLÑrL; vk/kkja x`ghRok ikfyHkk"kk fodflrk l×tkrkA ckS)/keZL; xzUFkk%tkrdxazFkk% bfr ukEuk izfl)k% ikfyHkk"kk;ka jfprk% vklu~A ,"kq xzaFks"kq tkrdekykbfr xzaFk% izfl)% vfLrA tkrdekyk;ka egkReuks cq)L; iwoZtUeu% dFkk% lax`ghrk%lfUrA
ikfyHkk"kkuUrje~ izkÑrHkk"kk;k% mn~Hko% l×tkr%A v'kksdL; f'kykys[ks"kq izkÑrHkk"kk;k%iz;ksx% miyH;rsA izkÑrHkk"kk;k% iz;ksx% v'o?kks"kL; ukVds"kq izkI;rsA izkÑrHkk"kk vfi'kuS 'kuS% O;kdj.kfu;es"kq vkc)kA izkÑrL; O;kdj.kjpf;rkjkS gsepanz% cj#fp% pvkLrke~A yksdO;ogkjdkj.kkr~ r= fdefi ifjorZua tkre~A i'pkr~ lk ljykyksdHkk"kk tkrk] ;L;k% yksdO;ogkjs iz;ksxks HkofrA
izkÑrHkk"kk;ka ;nk O;kdj.kfo#)iz;ksxk.kka izpyua tkra rnk rL;ke~ viHkaz'kkukaiz;ksx% vf/kdr;k vHkor~A viHkza'kHkk"kk·fi dkykUrjs O;kdj.kfu;eS% vkc)kA
viHkaz'kL; 'kkSjlsuh ekx/kh v/kZekx/kh] egkjk"Vªh] iS'kkph ckzpM bfr "kM~Hksnk% lfUrAvk/kqfudHkkjrh;Hkk"kk.kke~ mn~Hko% ,rkH;% viHkza'kHkk"kkH;% ,o eU;rsA
vk/kqfudHkkjrh;Hkk"kklq fgUnh&cztHkkk"kk&xqtjkrh&jktLFkkuh&gfj;k.koh&iatkch&dUukSth&vo/kh&fgekpyh&d'ehjh Mksxjh&igkM+h ,rklka Hkk"kk.kke~ mn~Hko% 'kkSjlsuh&viHkza'kkr~ latkr%A
ekx/kh&viHkza'kkr~ fcgkjh&ck³õyk&vleh&mfM+;k&eSfFkyh&exgh&Hkkstiqjh&laFkkyh&c?ksyh&NÙkhlx<+h&usikyh&ef.kiqjh&cksMks bR;kn;% Hkk"kk% leqn~Hkwrk%A
egkjk"Vªh&viHkza'kkr~ mn~Hkwrk% Hkk"kk% lfUr] ejkBh&dksad.kh bfrA iS'kkph&viHkza'kkr~ygank ¼if'peh iatkch½] czkpM+ viHkza'kkr~ p fla/kh Hkk"kk mn~HkwrkA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
30
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p,rklq lokZlq Hkk"kklq laLÑrL; egku~ izHkko% fo|rsA rklq laLÑr'kCnkuka iz;ksx%cgqyr;k orZrsA dfri;k% 'kCnk% v= nh;UrsA
nzfoMHkk"kkifjokjL; rfey&rsyqxq&dUuM&ey;kye vkfnHkk"kk.kke~ vk;ZifjokjL;Hkk"k;k lg eq[;r;k laLÑrsu lg cgq'kRkkCnsH;% lEidZ% fo|rsA ey;kye rqlaLÑr'kCncgqyk ,o vfLrA
laLÑre~ fgUnh vaxzsth Qkjlh teZu
fir firk Qknj isnj &
ekr` ekrk enj eknj &
f= rhu Fkzh & nzkbZ
nqfgr` nqfgrk ¼csVh½ MkWDVj nqjOrj rks[krj
laLÑre~ rfey ey;kye rsyqxq
vfHku;% vfou;e~ vfou;e~ vfHku;eq
fu'p;% fuPp;e~ fu'p;e~ fu'p;eq
Hkkjrh;Hkk"kklq laLÑr'kCnk%
fuEufyf[krk% laLÑr'kCnk% rfey&rsyqxq&dUuM&ey;kye&ck³õyk&mfM;k&fgUnh&xqtjkrh&ejkBh&eSfFkyh&vlfe;k vkfnHkk"kklq izk;% fdafpn~:iHksnsu vFkok ;Fkkor~iz;qDrk% HkofUrA
va'k%] viekue~] vaxqfy%] vuqHko%] dk;%] xzke%] fo'okl%] o`{k%] 'kki%] 'kksd%] 'okl%]jDre~] vUue~] ijyksd%] fookn%] thoue~] xkue~] ewye~] voLFkk] bPNk] yTtk]izfrfuf/k] iRuh] f'k'kq%] Kkuh] ijLija] uwruaA fgUnhHkk"kk;ka laLÑrL; rRle'kCnkukarn~Hko:iL; p iz;ksx% n`';rsA ;Fkk& vk'p;Ze~ ¼vpjt½] dk"B ¼dkB½] d.kZ ¼dku½]m"Vª ¼Å¡V½] vfXu ¼vkx½] mPp ¼Å¡pk½A
Hkkjrh;lafo/kkus laLÑrL; LFkkue~
Lora=rkizkIrs% vuUrja HkkjrloZdkjs.k Loh;a lafo/kkua fufeZre~A r= izeq[klaidZHkk"kk:is.kfgUnhHkk"kk;S ^jktHkk"kk* bfr mDRok ekU;rk iznÙkkA jktHkk"kk;k% fgU|k% le`);Fk±laLÑrL; lgk;rk xzghrO;k bR;fi lafo/kkus fufnZ"Ve~ vfLrA
lafo/kkuL; v"Ve&vuqlwP;ka loZdkjs.k }kfoa'kfrla[;kdkuka Hkk"kk.kka fofHkUujkT;sH;%ifjx.kua fo/kk; ekU;rk iznÙkkA rk% lfUr ,rk% Hkk"kk%&vlfe;k] mfM+;k] mnwZ] dUuM]d'ehjh] xqtjkrh] rfey] rsyqxq] iatkch] caxkyh cksMks] ejkBh] ey;kye] eSfFkyh]laLÑra] laFkkyh] fla/kh] fgUnh] usikyh] dksad.kh] ef.kiqjh] MksxjhA
,rk% Hkk"kk% HkkjrL; fofHkUus"kq Hkkxs"kq Hkk";UrsA Hkorka {ks=s dk Hkk"kk Hkk";rs\ vU;s"kq{ks=s"kq p dk% Hkk"kk% izpyfUr bfr rklka fo"k;s vocks/kUrqA
31laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
ikBxriz'uk% 28-11- laLÑre~ bfr 'kCnL; d% vFkZ% Hkofr\
2- Hkk"kk.kka 'kCnHk.Mkj% o.kZujhr;% dsu izHkkfork% lfUr\
3- viHkza'kL; ds "kM~Hksnk% lfUr\
4- 'kkSjlsuh&viHkza'kkr~ dklka Hkk"kk.kke~ mn~Hko% latkr%\
5- vk/kqfudHkkjrh;Hkk"kk.kke~ mn~Hko% dLekr~ viHkza'kkr~ latkr%\
6- nzfoMHkk"kkifjokjL; dk% Hkk"kk% lfUr\
7- Hkkjrh;lafo/kkus izeq[klaidZHkk"kk:is.k dL;S Hkk"kk;S ekU;rk izkIrk\
f}rh;% va'k%
o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.ke~
/ouhuke~ mPpkj.kk; ftºo;k lg eq[;:is.k v"V vaxkfu iz;qT;UrsA rkfu lfUrân;a] daB%] rkyq%] ew/kkZ] nUrk%] ftºokewye~] ukfldk] vks"BkSA ,rkfu mPpkj.kLFkkukfufp=s /;kusu i';UrqA Lo;e~ ^V r* o.kZ;ks% mPpkj.kdkys i';Urq ;r~ ftºok dL;dL; eq[kko;oL; lgk;rka x`g~.kkfrA
iz;Ru%
o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.ks eq[kL; vaxkuka iz;Ru% HkofrA l iz;Ru% f}izdkjs.k fØ;rs vkH;Urj¼vkUrfjd½ :is.k] ckº;:is.k pA
¼d½ vkH;Urjiz;Rusu mPpkfjrkuka o.kkZuka i×p Hksnk% lfUr ¼i½ Li`"Ve~ ¼ii½ bZ"kRLi`"Ve~¼iii½ bZ"kn~foo`re~ ¼iv½ foo`re~ ¼v½ lao`re~A
¼[k½ ckº;iz;Rusu mPpkfjrkuka o.kkZuke~ ,dkn'k Hksnk% lfUr&
¼i½ fookj% ¼vii½ vYiizk.k%
¼ii½ laokj% ¼viii½ egkizk.k%
¼iii½ 'okl% ¼ix½ mnkÙk%
¼iv½ ukn% ¼x½ vuqnkÙk%
¼v½ ?kks"k% ¼xi½ Lofjr'pA
¼vi½ v?kks"k%
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
32
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% pv/kquk v/kksfyf[krrkfydka i';rq&
mPpkj.k&vo;o
28-1
mPpkj.kLFkkukfu
o.kkZ%
Lojk% O;×tukfu
v d~ [k~ x~ ?k~ ³~] g~ folxZ ¼%½ d.B%
b p~] N~] t~] >~] ~] ;~] 'k~ rkyq
_ V~] B~] M~] <~ .k~ j~ "k~ ew/kkZ
y r~ Fk~ n~ /k~ u~ y~ l~ nUrk%
m i~ Q~ c~ Hk~ e~ mi/ekuh;% ¼× i × Q½ vks"B
³~] ~ .k~ u~ e~] vuqLokj% ¼-½ ukfldk vfi
, ,s d.B&rkyq
vks vkS d.B&vks"Be~
o nUr&vks"Be~
ftºokewyh;% ¼× d × [k½ ftºokewye~
laLÑr/ouhuke~ mPPkkj.ks mPpkj.kko;okuke~ vkH;Urjckº; iz;RuS% mi;ksx% fØ;rsAbRFka ?ouhuke~ mPpkj.ks·fi oSKkfudrk orZrsA
ukfldkrkyq
e/kkZ
ftg~okvks"Bh
nUrk%
d.B%
33laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p¼d½ vkH;Urjiz;Ruk% Li`"Ve~ bZ"kr~ bZ"kn~foo`re~ foo`re~ lao`re~
o.kkZ% Li`"Ve~laKk Li'kZ% vUr%LFk% Å"ek% Lojk%
d [k x ³ ?k ; 'k v b m _ gzLo
p N t ´ > j "k y` , vks ,s ^v*
V B M .k < y l vkS
r Fk n u /k o g
i Q c e Hk
¼[k½ ckº;iz;Ruk%
vYiizk.kk%& oxhZ;k% 1] 3] 5 o.kkZ% ¼;Fkk d~] x~] ³½] ;~ j~ y~ o~
egkizk.kk% & oxhZ;k% 2] 4 o.kkZ%] ¼;Fkk [k] ?k½] 'k~ "k~ l~ g
fØ;kdyki%
v/kksfyf[kro.kkZuke~ mPpkj.ka dqoZUrq&
nUrk% r i';Urq] ftºok eq[ks da LFkkua Li`'kfr\ ¼nUrku~½
vks"BkS i eq[ks d;ks% vax;ks% esyusu vL; mPpkj.ka Hkofr\ ¼vks"B;ks%½
d.B% d ftºok dq= Li'k± djksfr\ uwua dq=kfi uA ;r% vL; mPpkj.kLFkkuad.B% vfLrA
rkyq% p ftºok dq= Li'k± djksfr\ nUrkuke~ mifjrkyqLFkkue~A
ew/kkZ V ftg~ok dq= Li'k± djksfr\ ¼eq[ks loksZUurLFkkua ew/kkZue~½
ikBxriz'uk% 28-2 d
1- iz;Ru% d% dF;rs\
2- /ouhuke~ mPpkj.kk; eq[;:is.k dkfu vaxkfu iz;qT;Urs\
3- Li'kZlaKdk% o.kkZ% ds lfUr\
4- ew/kZ;k mPpkfjrk% o.kkZ% ds dF;Urs\
5- ,rs"kq ukfld;k mPpk;Zek.kk /ou;% ds&
x~] V~] u~] ;~] ³~] .k~] c~] e~] ~
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
34
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% pr`rh;% va'k%
Hkk"kk;k% 'kCns"kq fofHkUudkj.kkr~ vFkZifjorZua tk;rs] rnfLeu~ va'ks o;a cks/kke%
vFkZLrjs ifjorZue~
'kCnkuke~ vFkZ% loZnk leku% u HkofrA dnkfpr~ 'kCnkuke~ mPpkj.ks /oukS cyizHkkos.k]dnkfpr~ HkkSxksfydokrkoj.ks ifjorZudkj.ksu] dnkfpr~ uohuoLrwuka fuekZ.ksu] dnkfpr~uezrkizn'kZusu] vf/kd'kCnLFkkus ,d'kCnL; iz;ksxs.k] iqujko`Ù;k] 'kCnL; brjHkk"kk;kaiz;ksxs.k O;aX;su] vyadkfjdiz;ksxs.k p ,rS% dkj.kS% vFkZLrjs 'kCns"kq ifjorZua HkofrA
v/kquk mnkgj.kkfu i';Urq ;r~ 'kCnkuke~ vFksZ dFka ifjorZua tk;rsA ;Fkk& xzkeh.k%bfr 'kCn% xzkeL; oklh bR;Fk± |ksr;frA 'kuS% 'kuS% vL; vFkZ% ifjofrZrks HkwRok^vlaLÑr* vlH;% bfr tkr%A ,oa rSyL; ekSfyd% vFkZ% fryL; jl% Hkofr fdUrq 'kuS%'kuS% v/kquk rSyL; vFkZ% ifjofrZrks HkwRok l"kZiL;] eRL;L; ukfjdsyL;] e`fÙkdk;k'pvfi rSya HkofrA ,oeso& e`x% bR;L; vFkZ% i'kq% vklhr~ v/kquk fgU|ka e`x% bfr gfj.kbR;FksZ iz;qt;rsA
,rkn`'kk% cgo% 'kCnk% lfUr ;s"kke~ v|Ros fHkUus·FksZ iz;ksx% HkofrA ,rkn`'kku~ 'kCnku~fpRok fy[kUrqA 'kCnLrjs vFkZifjorZua f=fHk% izdkjS% HkofrA
¼i½ vFkZfoLrkjs.k ¼ii½ vFkZladkspsu ¼iii½ vFkkZns'ksu pA
v/kquk Øe'k% mnkgj.ksu cks/kke%A
¼i½ vFkZfoLrj%& laLÑrL; ^ij'o%* 'kCn% dsoya vkxkfeij'o% Ñrs vfLr fdUrqrLeknso fodflr% fgU|ka ijlksa 'kCn% xrfnoL; vkxkfefnuL; p }kH;ka Ñrs HkofrA^foHkh"k.k%* ^ukjn%* bfr }kS 'kCnkS vfi Loe~ vFk± foLr`ra ÑRok x`gL; Hksnd%erHksndkjd% bR;FksZ Lr%A
¼ii½ vFkZladksp%& Hkk;kZ'kCn% ;L;k% Hkj.kiks"k.ka Hkosr~ bR;FksZ iz;qT;rs LeA fdUrq v|Rosv;a'kCn% dsoya iRuh bR;FksZ vFkZladkspsu iz;qT;rsA
¼iii½ vFkkZns'k%& 'kCnL; iz/kku&vFksZu lg dnkfpr~ Hkkolkgp;sZ.k vU;% xkS.k% vFkZ%vfi HkofrA ;Fkk& ekSu 'kCn% eqfu bR;usu fufeZr%] ;L; iz;ksx% izkjaHks equhukafo#)k; vkpj.kk; Hkofr LeA ijUrq 'kuS% 'kuS% vFkZifjorZusu ekSue~ bfr fu%'kCnrk*Ñrs iz;qDr% HkofrA
35laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
:iLrjs ifjorZue~
Hkk"kk;ka :iL; ¼inL;½ jpuk }kH;ka Hkofr& izFkea izkfrikfndsuA f}rh;a& /kkrqukA
ckyd] iqLrd] py~] iB~] bR;knhfu ewy:is lfUrA
;= 'kCns lqckfnizR;;k% ;ksT;Urs rs lqcUrinkfu HkofUrA ;Fkk ckyd bR;usu ckyd%]iqLrd bR;usu iqLrde~ HkofrA ,oeso py~ iB~ bR;kfn/kkrq"kq fr³kfnizR;;;ksxsupyfr] iBfr bR;kfn :ia HkofrA bRFke~ 'kCnkuke~ ewy:is laca/krÙoa lqi~fr³kfnizR;;ala;ksT; :iLrjs ifjorZua HkofrA vr% ^lqi~fr³Ura ine~* bfr mP;rsA
,oeso v/kksfufnZ"Vkfu dkfufpr~ mnkgj.kkfu i';Urq ;= laca/krÙoa la;ksT; :iifjorZuatkre~A
laLÑrs& Nk=k% fo|ky;e~ xPNfUrA
¼Nk= $ vk%] fo|ky; $ ve~] xPN~ $ vfUr½
Nk=k% fo|ky;e~ xroUr% ¼xe~ $ äorq vr~½
loZ $ mÙke% ¾ loksZÙke% ¼v= v $ m bR;L; laf/kuk ^vks* bfr :iifjorZualatkre~A
ikBxriz'uk% 28-31- 'kCnLrjs vFkZifjorZua dfr/kk Hkofr\
2- rSye~ bfr 'kCnL; v|Ros ds ds vFkkZ% lfUr\
3- ¼d½ v/kksfyf[krs"kq 'kCns"kq ewy'kCnku~ fy[kUrq
ckydk%] iqLrde~] iq"ikf.k] o`{ks"kq] unhuke~
¼[k½ v/kksfyf[krs"kq fr³Ur:is"kq ewy/kkro% ds\
iBfUr] ysf[k";fr] xPNrq] Ük`.kksfr] v[kknr~
¼x½ v/kksfyf[krs"kq lqcUrkfu fr³Urkfu p i`Fkd~ dqoZUrq
fo|ky;e~] ckydsu] fy[kkfe] okfVdke~] i';fUr] v/kkor~] xqjo%] xfe";fr
prqFkZ% va'k%
Hkk"kk;k% fyf[kr:ie~&fyfifodkl'p
vusdlglzo"kZi;ZUre~ vk;ZHkk"kk% ekSf[kdijaijk;keso izpfyrk% vklu~A Jo.ksu ,o
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
36
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p'kkL=k.kka Kkua Hkofr LeA vr,o osnk% ^Jqr;%* bfr dF;UrsA 'kuS% 'kuS% oSKkfudfodklsu rduhfdizxR;k p rklka fyf[kr:ia fodflre~ vHkwr~A
fyis% Hkk"kk;k% p ijLija ?kfu"B% lEca/k% vfLrA ;k Hkk"kk ewy:is ?ofu"kq vkfJrk] rs/ou;% fyI;ka js[kkfHk% O;Drk% fØ;UrsA
fyihuka fodklØe%
,sfrgkfldn"V;k fyihuka fodklØes fp=kRedfyfi% ¼;Fkk phuhHkk"kk;ke~½ Hkkoladsrfyfi%]o.kkZRedfyfi%] v{kjkRedfyfi%] ,rklka ukekfu izkI;UrsA Øe'k% fodlekukfHk% ,rkfHk%fyfifHk% ys[kudyk;ke~ mÙkjksÙkja fodkl% vHkor~A fyfie~ vf/kda lqUnja fo/kkrqe~vU;klka fyihuke~ vfi vUos"k.ke~ vHkor~A rklka ukekfu vfi cks/kUrqA rk% lfUrczkºehfyfi%] [kjks"Bhfyfi%] xqIrfyfi%] dqfVyfyfi%] 'kkjnkfyfi% pA
vfi tkufUr HkoUr% ;L;k% fyis% o;a laLÑrHkk"kk;ka fgUnhHkk"kk;ka p iz;ksxa dqeZ% rL;kfyis% uke fdefLr\ lk fyfi% vfLr nsoukxjh fyfi%A
nsoukxjhfyis% orZeku:iL; fodkl% n'ker% }kn'k'krkCni;ZUre~ vHkwr~A izk;%Hkkjrh;Hkk"kklq vf/kdrek% Hkk"kk% ;Fkk laLÑr ikfy izkÑr&viHk z a'k&fgUnh&ejkBh&xqtjkrh& usikyh&fla/kh] izeq[kk% rq v|Ros nsoukxjhfyI;keso fy[;UrsA
Hkkjrh;Hkk"kkfrfjDra fo'oL; vusdklq Hkk"kklq vL;k% fyis% iz;ksxa drq± 'kD;rsAnsoukxjhfyis% b;a fo'ks"krk vfLr ;r~ vL;ka ;kn`d~ fy[;rs rkn`xso iB;rsA vr%dFkefi iBus okpus ok dkfBU;a u HkofrA b;a fyfi% v/kquki;ZUre~ ,dfLeu~ :is ,oizpfyrk orZrsA b;e~ vk{kfjdk vfLrA
nsoukxjhfyis% oSf'k"V;e~
nsoukxjhfyfi% fo'oL; lokZlq fyfi"kq vf/kda oSKkfude~ vfLrA r= lfUr ,rkfudkj.kkfu&
¼i½ b;a Hkk"kk.kke~ vf/kdkf/kd/ofufpºuS% ¼o.kSZ%½ lEiUuk vfLrA
¼ii½ vL;ka o.kZekyk;ka Lojk.kka O;atuk×p oxhZdj.ke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukuka iz;Rukuk×pvk/kkjs Ñre~ vfLrA
¼iii½ izR;sda Lojo.kkZ; ek=kfpg~ukfu fuf'prkfu lfUr] ;s"kka iz;ksxs.k Loj;qDrO;atukfumPpkj.kkuq:ieso Lora=s"kq v{kjs"kq fyfic)kfu drq± 'kD;UrsA
¼iv½ vL;ka U;wuLFkkus vf/kdk% 'kCnk% 'kh?kzr;k ysf[krqa 'kD;UrsA
¼v½ vL;ke~ vuqukfld/ouhuka Ñrs i`Fkd~ i`Fkd~ Lora=o.kkZ% ¼³ ´ e .k u bfr½lfUr ;s fo'oL; vU;L;ka fyI;ka u lfUrA
37laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
¼vi½ vL;ka ys[kus] eqnz.ks Vad.ks p loZ= o.kkZ% lekuk% HkofUrA
¼vii½ b;a fyfi% lax.kd;a=L; dk;ZØek.kka Ñrs vkn'kZfyfi% vfLrA vu;k cgwukaHkkjrh;Hkk"kk.kka fo"k;k% lax.kd;a=s vuw| izLrw;UrsA
ikBxriz'uk% 28-4
1- izkphudkys 'kkL=k.kka iBu&ikBua dFka Hkofr Le\
2- fp=kRedfyfi% dL;k% Hkk"kk;k% vfLr\
3- laLÑrfgUnhHkk"k;ks% dk fyfi% vfLr\
4- nsoukxjhfyI;ka ys[kus iBus okpus ok dkfBU;a dFka u Hkofr\
5- nsoukxjhfyI;ka Lojk.kka O;atukuk×p oxhZdj.kL; vk/kkj% d%\
28-5 fde~ vf/kxre~
l Hkkjr;ksjksih;Hkk"kkifjokjs laLÑre~ izeq[krek Hkk"kkA
l laLÑre~ 'kq)k] ifj"Ñrk p izkphurek vk;ZHkk"kk vfLrA
l laLÑrL; }s :is Lr% oSfnda ykSfdd×pA
l ykSfddlaLÑrHkk"kk ikf.kus% O;kdj.kfu;eS% fu;af=rkA
l ;nk izkÑrHkk"kk O;kdj.kL; fu;es"kq vkc)k tkrk rnk viHkza'kHkk"kk;k% mn~Hko%latkr%
l viHkz'kaHkk"kkH;% vk/kqfudHkkjrh;Hkk"kk.kke~ mRifÙk% latkrkA
l Hkkjrh;lafo/kkuL; v"VevuqlwP;ka }kfoa'kfrla[;kdk% ekU;rkizkIrk% Hkk"kk% lfUrA
l lax.kd;a=L; Ñrs laLÑre~ vR;Ure~ mi;qDre~ vfLrA
l eq[kL; fofHkUukfu vaxkfu o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu HkofUrA
l o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.ks eq[kL; vaxkuka iz;Ru% HkofrA iz;Ru% f}fo/k% Hkofr& vkH;Urj%ckº;'pA
l vFkZLrjs f=fHk% izdkjS% ifjorZua Hkofr& vFkZfoLrkjs.k] vFkZladkspsu] vFkkZns'ksuA
l Hkk"kk;ka injpuk f}/kk Hkofr& izkfrifndsu lg lqi~ izR;;;ksxsu ¼ckyd%½ /kkrquklg fr³~ izR;;;ksxsu p ¼Hkofr½
l fyis% Hkk"kk;k% p ijLija ?kfu"B% laca/k% vfLrA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
38
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% pl fyihuka fodklØes izFkea fp=kRedfyfi%] Hkkoladsrfyfi%] o.kkZRedfyfi%]
v{kjkRedfyfi% ,rklka ukekfu izkI;UrsA
l lax.kd;a=L; Ñrs b;e~ vkn'kZfyfi%A
28-6 ;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
¼d½ lkfgfR;dHkk"kk
;k Hkk"kk ikjLifjdO;ogkjHkk"kk;k% fdafpn~ fHkUuk] dykRed'kCnS% vyadkjS'p ;qDrkHkofr] lk lkfgfR;dh Hkk"kk eU;rsA lkfgfR;dh Hkk"kk iw.kZr% O;kdj.klEerk HkofrAvr% jfprlkfgR;xzUFkL; Hkk"kk yksdO;ogkjHkk"kk;k% iz;ksx:is.k fHkUuk HkofrA
¼[k½ Hkk"kk;k% /ofuifjorZue~
HkoUr% ;nk vU;fLeu~ jkT;s nwjrjLFkkua ok xPNfUr rnk r=R;tukuka Hkk"kk;kaifjorZua i';fUrA rs"kka Hkk"k.k'kSyh] okD;kuka dFkuizdkje~ loZe~ vU;nso HkofrA r=dkj.ka fde~\ ,rr~ dnkfi fpfUrre~\
Hkk"kk;k% iz;ksDrk ekuo%] rL; lekt'p ifjfLFkrs% vuqlkja ifjofrZrks HkofrA vusuifjorZusu lg rsu iz;qDrk% Hkk"kk% vfi ifjofrZrk% HkofUrA Hkk"kk;k% /ou;% vfiifjofrZrk% HkofUrA /ofuifjorZuL; izeq[kkfu dkj.kkfu ,rkfu lfUrA
1- LFkkuL; tyok;qizHkko%A
2- fons'kh'kkldkuke~ vkØe.kizHkko% O;kikfjdlEcU/k'pA
3- fons'khlaLÑrs% izHkko%A
4- oSKkfud vkfo"dkjk.kka izHkko%A
5- laLÑrHkk"kk;k% izHkko%A
6- iz;Ruyk/ko%A
7- vuqdj.ks viw.kZrk;k% izHkko%A
8- lkn`';izHkko%A
mi;qDrdkj.kS% Hkk"kk;k% /ofu"kq] vFksZ"kq] :is"kq] okD;s"kq p ifjorZue~ HkofrA
v/kquk ,rs"kka ifjorZukuke~ mnkgj.kkfu v= i';UrqA
¼v½ iz;Ruyk?ko% ¼&½ vkfnR;okj% brokj] rFkk iksLVdkMZ ¼dkMZ½ vYisu iz;klsuifjorZua HkofrA
39laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
¼c½ vkxe%& L=h] LFkk;h] fLFkj] LVwy bR;kfn'kCns"kq ^v* bfr vkxekr~ vLFkk;h]bL=h] vfLFkj] bLVwy bfr v'kq)e~ mPpkj.ka fØ;rsA
¼l½ yksi%& mPPkkj.kL; dfBurkfuokj.kk; /oukS o.kZL; yksi% HkofrA ;Fkk& Js"B%¼lsB½ 'olqj% ¼llqj½ T;s"B% ¼tsB½ bfr HkofrA
¼n½ fodkj%& gLr% ¼gkFk½ Lru ¼Fku½ ';key ¼lkaoyk½
¼/k½ foi;Z;%& eq[klq[kk; 'kCns o.kZfoi;Z;% fØ;rsA ;Fkk& Mwcrk&cwM+rkAve:n&vjewnA
¼u½ lehdj.ke~& };ks% /oU;ks% LFkkus ,dk /ofu% HkofrA pØe~&pDdk]dyDVj&dyV~VjA
¼i½ fo"kehdj.ke~& /ofu% Lo:ia ifjR;T; leku/ofuizHkkoa x`g~.kkfrA ;Fkk& dkd%bfr dkx HkofrA
vU;kfu vfi /ofuifjorZuL; mnkgj.kkfu lfUrA ;Fkk liZ%&lIi&lk¡iA ftºok&thHkA'kq"d&lw[kkA
vusu :is.k HkoUr% vfi ewy/ofue~ ifjoR;Z onfUrA rkn`'kku~ 'kCnku~ fyf[kRok i';Urq;r~ rklq dhn`'ka ifjorZua tkre~A
28-7 ikBkUriz'uk%
1- ,dinsu laLÑrHkk"kk;ke~ mÙkja fy[kUrq&
¼d½ laLÑre~ dL; Hkk"kkifjokjL; Hkk"kk vfLr\ oSfnd:ia dfLeu~ xzUFks izkI;rs\
¼[k½ laLÑrL; ykSfdda :ia dLekr~ xzaFkkr~ izkjHkrs\
¼x½ laLÑrHkk"kk;k% O;kdj.kL; jpf;rk d%\
2- ¼d½ ckS)xzaFkL; xzUFkk% dL;ka Hkk"kk;ka oRkZUrsA
¼[k½ 'kkSjlsuh] ekx/kh] egkjk"Vªh bfr dL;k Hkk"kk;k% Hksnk% lfUr\
¼x½ Hkkjrh;lafo/kkus dfr laa[;kdk% Hkk"kk% ekU;rkizkIRkk% lfUr\
3- ¼d½ ckS)/keZL; d% xzUFk% izfl)% vfLr\
¼[k½ fgUnhHkk"kk;k% dL;k% Hkk"kk;k% mn~Hko% latkr%\
¼x½ fgUnhHkk"kk;k% mn~Hko% dL;k% viHkza'kHkk"kk;k% latkr%\
4- fuEufyf[krokD;s"kq 'kq) mÙkjk; ¼√½ bfr v'kq)mÙkjk; p ¼×½ bfr fpg~ufunsZ'kuadqoZUrq&
¼d½ laLÑrHkk"kk e`rHkk"kk vfLrA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
40
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p¼[k½ izkÑrHkk"kk;k% iz;ksx% v'o?kks"kL; ukVds"kq izkI;rsA
¼x½ ;nk dk·fi Hkk"kk O;kdj.kfu;eS% c)k Hkofr rnk dk·fi ljyk yksdHkk"kkmRi|rsA
¼?k½ vk/kqfudHkkjrh;Hkk"kk.kke~ mn~Hko% viHkza'kHkk"kkfHk% eU;rsA
¼³½ Hkkjrh;Hkk"kklq laLÑrL; izHkko% u fo|rsA
¼p½ laLÑrHkk"kk nsoukxjhfyI;ke~ fy[;rsA
5- nsoukxjhfyI;k% oSf'k"V~;a iapokD;s"kq fy[krA
28-8 mÙkjkf.k
ikBxriz'uk%
28-1
1- laLÑre~ bfr 'kCnL; vFkZ% 'kq)a ifj"Ñra ok HkofrA
2- laLÑrsu izHkkfork%A
3- 'kkSjlsuh] ekx/kh] v/kZekx/kh] egkjk"Vªh] iS'kkph] czkpM bfrA
4- fgUnh] cztHkk"kk&xqtjkrh&jktLFkkuh&gfj;k.koh&iatkch&dUukSth&vo/kh&fgekpyh&dk'ehjh Mksxjh& igkM+hHkk"kk.kke~A
5- 'kkSjlsuh viHkza'kkr~A
6- dUuM+] rfey&rsyqxq&ey;kyeA
7- fgUnhHkk"kk;S
28-2
1- o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.ks eq[kL; vaxkuka fØ;ek.kk% ps"Vk%A
2- ân;a] d.B%] rkyq] ew/kkZ] nUrk%] ftg~okewye~] ukfldk] vks"BkS%A
3- d] [k] x ?k] ³] p N t > ´ V B M < .k r Fk n /k u] i Q c Hk e
4- ew/kZU;k%
5- ³] ´] .k] u] e
28-3
1- ¼d½ vFkZfoLrkjs.k ¼[k½ vFkZladkspsu ¼x½ vFkkZns'ksu
2- fryL;] l"kZiL;] eRL;L;] e`fÙkdk;k%] ukfjdsyL; rSye~ bfrA
3- ¼d½ ckyd] iqLrd] iq"i] o`{k] unh
¼[k½ iB~] fy[k~] xe~] Jq] [kkn~
41laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
laLÑre~ vU;k% Hkkjrh;k% Hkk"kk% p
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
¼x½ lqcUrkfu fr³Urkfu
fo|ky;e~] ckydsu fy[kkfe] i';fUr
okfVdke~] xqjo% v/kkor~] xfe";fr
4- ¼d½ Jqrsu
¼[k½ phuhHkk"kk;k%
¼x½ nsoukxjhfyfi%
¼?k½ vL;ka ;kn`d~ fy[;rs rkn`xso iB~;rs vr% dkfBU;a u HkofrA
¼³½ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu iz;Ruk% pA
28-7 ikBkUriz'uk%
1- ¼d½ vk;ZHkk"kkifjokjL;] _XosnsA ¼[k½ okYehfdjkek;.kkr~ ¼x½ ikf.ku%
2- ¼d½ ikfyHkk"kk;ke~ ¼[k½ viHkza'kHkk"kk;k% ¼x½ }kfo'kfr% Hkk"kk%
3- ¼d½ ^tkrdekyk* bfr xzUFk% ¼[k½ izkÑrHkk"kk;k% ¼x½ 'kkSjlsuh viHkza'kHkk"kk;k%
4- ¼d½× ¼[k½ √ ¼x½ √ ¼?k½ √ ¼³½ √ ¼p½ √
5- i×pokD;kfu LosPN;k fy[kUrqA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
42
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
2929292929
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
Hkkjrh;laLdfr% izkphurekA r= dkj.ka fde~\ dkj.kefLr osnksifu"kr~ iqjk.kkfnxzUFks"kq fo|eku% izkphure% Kkujkf'k%A rLekr~ Kkujk'ks% dkj.kknso Hkkjrh;laLd`rs%Js"BRoe~ v|kfi lalkjs losZ"kka euks gjfrA Hkkjrh;kuka thoua fofo/kS% laLdkjS% ifj"d`raHkofrA laLd`rHkk"k;k Hkkjrh;laLd`rs% lqlEc)rkfi fpjdkyhuk xkSjoe;h pA laLdkjS%ifj"d`ra thoua iq#"kkFkZprq"V;ek/;esu dFka lQya Hkosr~ bfr ,o vfLeu~ ikBstkuhe%A
mís';kfu
bea ikBa ifBRok Hkoku~
• thoun'kZua Li"VhdqoZu~ iq#"kkFkZprq"V;a o.kZf;rqa 'k{;fr(
• /keZ'kCnL; O;kide~ vFkZa ysf[krqa 'k{;fr(
• "kksM'klaLdkjk.kka ukekfu ysf[k";fr(
• Hkkjrh;thoui)rs% oSKkfudrka Li"Vhdfj";fr(
fØ;kdyki%
1- fuEufyf[krfp=s"kq dfLeu~ fp=s d% laLdkj% n`';rs bfr v/kksnÙks fjäLFkkus ¼d[k x bR;kfnØes.k½ fy[krq &
43laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
¼d½ fo|kjaHklaLdkj % &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
¼[k½ fookglaLdkj % &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
¼x½ d.kZos/klaLdkj % &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
¼?k½ vUuizk'kulaLdkj % &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
¼³½ eqaMulaLdkj % &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
¼p½ tkrdeZlaLdkj% &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
2- fuEufyf[krs"kq d% laLdkj% ckY;koLFkk;ka u Hkofr] fjäLFkkus rL; uke fy[krq &
¼d½ ukedj.ke~ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
¼[k½ miu;ue~ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
¼x½ fookglaLdkj% &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
29.1 29.2
29.3 29.4
29.5 29.6
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
44
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
29-1 v/kquk voxPNke%
izFke% va'k%HkoUr% tkufUr ;r~ lkfgR;a lektL; niZ.k% HkofrAHkkjrh;lektL; thoui)rs% oSf'k"V~;a laLÑrok³~e;slqfuc)e~ vfLrA laLdrok³~e;s ,o Hkkjrh;laLdrs%foLr`ra fooj.ka orZrsA
fda Hkon~fHk% dnkfi fpfUÙkra ;r~ ds;a laLd`fr%\lektL; thou&;kiufof/k%] vkpkjk% fopkjk%] fparua]dekZf.k bR;kfnda loZa lfEefyr:is.k laLd`fr% bfrdF;rsA HkkjrL; laLd`fr% ekuolaLd`fr% orZrsALo&laLd`frdkj.kknso Hkkjra txfr xkSjoiw.kZa ina/kÙksA Hkkjrh;laLd`rs% mikns;rk fd;rh O;kfidkvklhr~ bfr euqLe`rs% vusu 'yksdsu Kk;rs &
,rís'kizlwrL; ldk'kknxztUeu%A
Loa Loa pfj=a f'k{ksju~ i`fFkO;ka loZekuok%AA
Hkkjrh;laLd`rs% O;ofLFkr:ia oSfnd;qxs izkI;rsA vL;ka laLd`rkS thoua izfroSKkfudnf"Vdks.kL; vk/;kfRedizoÙks'p vn~Hkqr% leUo;% n';rsA ;|fi ifjorZu'khysvfLeu~ txfr loZ= lkekftd&vkfFkZd&foIyok% tk;ekuk% lfUr fdarq Hkkjrh;laLd`fr% v|kfi v{kq..kk vfLrA
29-2 Hkkjrh;laLÑrs% fo'ks"krk%
Hksns"kq vHksn%
Hkkjrh;laLdfr% fofHkUu/keZHkk"kktkfr&tutkrhuka lkxj% bo orZrsA vusdklq fHkUurklqvfi v= lejlrk fojktrsA vusdlaLd`rhuke~ vkØe.ka izlg~; vfi Hkkjrh;laLd`fr%rFkSo xkSjoa /kÙksA
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS ekuoL; 'kkjhfjd ekufld&vk/;kfRedi{kk.kka fo'ys"k.ka izkI;rsAv= o.kZO;oLFkk&iq#"kkFkZprq"V;&vkJeO;oLFkklq thouL; losZ i{kk% izLrqrk% lfUrA
vkReu% fuR;rk iqutZUefl)kUr'p
Hkkjrh;laLd`rkS 'kjhje~ vfrfjP; vkReu% lÙkk vfiLohfØ;rsA vkRek vtj% vej% p vfLrA dsoya
§§§§§
'kCnkFkkZ%/kRrs&/kkj.k djrk gS]mikns;rk & mi;kfxrk]ldk'kkr~ & ikl ls]vxztUeu%& igys tUe ysusokys dksAf'k{ksju~ & lh[ksa]v{kq..kk & tks u"V u gqbZAfoIyok% Økafr minzoA
45laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
'kjhja u';frA nsgL; e`R;ks% vuUrja vkReu%vij'kjhjxzg.ka *iqutZUe^ dF;rsA ,"k% iqutZUe&fl)kUr% Hkkjrh;laLd`rs% vijk fof'k"Vrk orZrsAdeZ.kke~ vuqlkjeso ekuoL; vfxzea tUe ¼iqutZUe½HkofrA r= lRdeZfHk% lqQykfu] nq"deZfHk% p dqQykfuizkI;UrsA
/keZL; izk/kkU;e~
;Fkk HkkstuoL=kfnfHk% 'kjhjL; iks"k.ka j{k.ke~ vLekdadrZO;a Hkofr rFkSo */keZ bR;k[;S% lnkpkjkfnfHk%vLekfHk% vkReu% mUufr% dj.kh;kA /keZL; ukeHkofö% cgq/kk Jqra Hkosr~A /keZL; fo"k;s mDrefLr&
Þ;rks·H;qn;fu%Js;lflf)% l /keZ%Aß
vFkkZr~ ;S% vkpj.kS% yksdL; vkReu% p vH;qn;%dY;k.ka L;kr~ & l ,o /keZ%A /kesZ.k vFkZ% dke% pfln~/;r%A rsu ,o p vUrs eks{kefi yH;srA vr%Hkkjrh;laLd`rkS /keZ ,o losZ"kka ewye~ vfLrA
iq#"kkFkZprq"V;e~
Hkkjrh;laLd`rkS /keZ%] vFkZ%] dke% eks{k'psfr pRokj% iq#"kkFkkZ% lfUrA iq#"kkFkkZ% dFke~\iq#"kS% vF;ZUrs b";Urs bfr iq#"kkFkkZ%A ,"kq prq"kqZ /keZ% vFkZ% dke% ,rs =;% iq#"kkFkkZ%lk/kukfu lfUr eks{k% p lk/;e~ vfLrA
losZ /kekZ% lekuk%
oLrqr% /keZL; ewyfl)kUrk% losZ"kq lEiznk;s"kq lekuk% ,o lfUrA rs"kq ;= r= n`';eku%;% dks·fi Hksn% miyH;rs] l% Hksn% izfØ;klq ,o Hkofr u rq fl)kUrs"kqA losZ"kka /kekZ.kkay{;e~ ,desokfLr *ekuork^ bfrA vr ,o losZ"kke~ dY;k.kL; dkeuk fØ;rsA
Hkkjrh;/keZ% lukru% vfLrA izkphure% Kkujkf'k% osn% vfLr] rLekr~ ,o vL; /keZL;mn~Hko%A oS;fädk% vkpkjk%] lkekftdO;ogkjk%] uhr;%] Hkkoukxrfo'ks"krk'p vL;/keZL; ifjpk;dk% lfUrA
29-3 o.kZO;oLFkk
lekta lq[kna 'kkfUriw.kZa p fo/kkrqe~ vLekda laLd`rkSO;ähuka {kerk% foyksD; 'kkL=s"kq o.kZO;oLFkk;k% fo'ys"k.kayH;rsA r= czkã.k&{kf=;&oS';&'kwnzsfr prq..kkZao.kkZuke~ miØes lektL; rRdkyhuO;oLFkk;k% fun'kZuaizkI;rsA
'kCnkFkkZ%izlg~; & lgu djds]lekfgrku~ & lekos'k djuk¼lekfo"V½ ladsafnzr] feyk ysukA]iq#"kkFkZ &/keZ vFkZ dke rFkk eks{k ;spkj iq#"kkFkZAvfrfjP; & vfrfjä] vykokAvH;qn;% & ykSfdd mUufrAfu%Js;L; & vkfRed dY;k.k ¼eks{k½ dhvk;kfr & vkrk gSAizfrdwye~ & foijhr fo#)Ags;% & R;kx djus ;ksX;An`';eku & fn[kkbZ iM+us okykAviuh;rs & gVk fy;k tkrk gS@nwjdj fn;k tkrk gSAnkgdrk & tykus dh 'kfä½foyh;rs & nwj gks tkrh gSA{kkj% & jk[kA] nzoRo/keZ% fi?kykgV& ?kuRo/keZe & dBksjrk dks] BksliusdksA] tgkfr& NksM+ nsrk gSAlukru% lnSo jgus okykAmn~Hko% mRifRrA{kerk& lkeF;Z@'kfä½
'kCnkFkkZ%those & thfor jgsaA 'kjn% o"kZAfoHkT;& ckaVdjAfuo`fRrijddeZ.kke~ &eks{klEca/kh deksZa dk
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
46
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% pizkphudkys pRokjks·fi o.kkZ% fefyRok lg;ksxsu lektL; la?kVua dqoZfUr Le bfr r=oSKkfuda rF;a orZrsA u dks·fi o.kZ% dLeknfi ghurj% gs;% ok vklhr~A ,oesoL=hiq#"kkS vfi yksd&;k=k:ijFkL; }s pdsz bo x`gLFkthous la;qäkS vkLrke~Ao.kZO;oLFkk JefoHkktuL; oSKkfuda :ie~ vklhr~ ;= fofHkUuo.kkZuka drs fofHkUudeZ.kkankf;Roa iznÙke~ vklhr~A
vkJeO;oLFkk
Hkkjrh;lektL; lajpuk;ka losZ"kka o.kkZuka thoudky% prq"kqZ Hkkxs"kq foHkä% vklhr~AlkekU;r% *those 'kjn% 'kre~^ bfr dFkukuqlkja euq";L; thoua prq"k q Zczãp;Z&xgLFk&okuizLFk&laU;kl vkJe:iHkkxs"kq foHkT; vkpkjL; fof'k"Vkuka fu;ekukafo/kkua d`refLrA ,rku~ fu;eku~ iky;u~ ekuo% 'kra o"kkZf.k thofrA pRokfj y{;kf.k;Fkk /keZ% ¼mfpr% vkpkj%½ vFkZ% ¼vkthfodk&izkfIriz;kl%½ dke% ¼lkalkfjdsPNk½ eks{k%¼eqfä%½ prq"kqZ vkJes"kq Øe'k% izkI;UrsA vusu izdkjs.k iq#"kkFkkZ% vkJek% laLdkjk'p,rs losZ ijLija lEc)k% lfUrA vkJe/kekZ.kke~ vuqikyusu eul% fueZyrk] ikfjokfjdlq[k'kkfUr%] ykSfddlq[klkSfo/;kfu p izkI;UrsA
thouL; izFkes Hkkxs KkuizkfIr% f}rh;Hkkxs lkalkfjdlq[koSHkoizkfIr%] rrh;Hkkxs okuizLFkkJesfuofÙkijd&deZ.kka fu"iknue~] prqFksZ lU;klkJes /keZ:ilRdeZ.kka fu"iknua eks{kizkIr;sHkofrA
bRFka ekuo% vkReu% 'kähuka fodklk; Lothoua prq"kqZ foHkkxs"kq foHkT; Lothoudkys,o iq#"kkFkkZu~ lk/k;frA
izFkeka'kL; lkjka'k%
lkfgR;a lektL; niZ.k% laLd`rs% okgua p HkofrA lektL; thou;kiufof/k%]vkpkjk%]fopkjk% fpUrua dekZf.k bR;kfnda loZa lfEefyr:is.k laLd`fr% bfr dF;rsAHkkjrh;laLÑrs% Lo:ia osnksifu"kRiqjk.kkfnxzaFks"kq izkI;rsA Hkkjrh;laLd`fr% fo'oL;izkphureklq laLd`fr"kq ,dk] ;= oSKkfudn`f"Vdks.kL; vk/;kfRedHkkoL; p leUo;%yH;rsA v= 'kjhjefrfjP; vkReu% lÙkk fo|rsA 'kjhjL; uk'kkuUrja vkRek vija'kjhja x`g~.kkfrA vFkkZr~ rL; iqutZUe HkofrA vkRekue~ mUura fo/kkrqa lnkpj.kkfufØ;UrsA lnkpj.kk; */keZ%^ izeq[k%A /kesZ.k vFkZ% dke'p fln~/;r%A /kesZ.k eks{k% vfiizkI;rsA ,oa /kekZFkZdkeeks{kk% pRokj% iq#"kkFkkZ% Hkkjrh;laLd`rs% ewyfo"k;k%A rs"kq /keZ%Js;ks:i% lukru% Hkkjrh;lekts fo|rsA
Hkkjrh;lekts czkã.k&{kf=;&oS';&'kwnzsfr pRokj% o.kkZ% JefoHkktuL; oSKkfudaizk:ia izLrqofUrA ,oeso ekuothoua czãp;Z&xgLFk&okuizLFk&lU;klkJe:is"kq prq"kqZfoHkkxs"kq foHkT; 'kro"kkZRedthouL; dYiuk drkA bRFka iq#"kkFkkZ% vkJek% laLdkjk'plosZ ijLija lEc)k% lfUrA ,oa fg ekuo% thouL; prq"kqZ Hkkxs"kq iq#"kkFkkZu~ lk/k;frA
47laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plkfgR; lekt dk niZ.k vkSj laLd`fr dk okgd gksrk gSA lekt dh thou;kiu&
fof/k] vkpkj] fopkj] fpUru] deZ ;s lc lfEefyr :i ls laLd`fr ds :i esa tkustkrs gSaA Hkkjrh;laLd`fr dk Lo:i osn&mifu"kr~ & iqjkf.kkfn xzaFkksa esa feyk gSAHkkjrh;laLd`fr fo'o dh izkphure laLd`fr;ksa esa ls ,d gS] ftlesa oSKkfudn`f"Vdks.kvkSj vk/;kfRed Hkko dk leUo; gSA ;gka 'kjhj ds vfrfjä vkRek dh lÙkk Lohdkjdh xbZ gSA 'kjhj ds uk'k gksus ds ckn vkRek nwljk 'kjhj /kkj.k dj ysrh gSA blizdkj iqutZUe gksrk gSA vkRek dks mUur djus ds fy, vPNs vkpj.k fd;s tkrs gSaAlnkpj.k ds fy, /keZ izeq[k gSA /keZ ls vFkZ vkSj dke fl) gksrs gSaA /keZ ls eks{k Hkhfeyrk gSA ml izdkj /keZ&vFkZ&dke&eks{k ;s pkjksa iq#"kkFkZ Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds ewyrÙo gSaA buesa /keZ dk dY;k.kdkjh :i gSA
Hkkjrh; lekt esa izpfyr laLÑfr esa czkã.k&{kf=;&oS';&'kwnz ;s pkj o.kZ JefoHkktudk oSKkfud :i izLrqr djrs gS aA blh izdkj ekuothou dks czãp;Zx`gLFk&okuizLFk&lU;kl bu pkj vkJe:i Hkkxksa esa ckaVdj lkS o"kZ ds thou dhdYiuk dh xbZ gSA bl rjg iq#"kkFkZ] vkJe] vkSj laLdkj ;s lHkh ijLij lEc) gSaAbl izdkj euq"; thou ds pkjksa Hkkxksa esa iq#"kkFkksZa dks lk/krk gSA
ikBxriz'uk% 29-11- fuEufyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr &
¼d½ Hkkjrh;laLd`rs% foLr`ra fp=.ka dq= orZrs\
¼[k½ HkkjrL; laLd`fr% dk orZrs\
¼x½ d% vtj% vej% p vfLr\
¼?k½ lRdeZfHk% dhn`'kkfu Qykfu izkI;Urs\
¼³½ vkRekue~ mUura fo/kkrqa fØ;ek.kk% lnkpkjk% fda dF;Urs\
¼p½ losZ"kka /kekZ.kka y{;a fde~ vfLr\
¼N½ vXus% /keZ% fde~ vfLr\
¼t½ czkã.k&{kf=;&oS';&'kwnzsfr pRokj% dsu ukEuk Kk;Urs\
¼>½ o.kZO;oLFkk dL; oSKkfud:ie~ vklhr~\
¼´½ Hkkjrh;kuka thoudky% dfr vkJes"kq foHkä%\
¼V½ iq#"kkFkkZ% ds\
2- v/kksfyf[krokD;s"kq 'kq)dFkua ¼√½ bfr fpg~usu fufnZ'kr &
¼d½ Hkkjrh;thoui)rs% oSf'k"V~;a laLd`rok³~e;s lqfuc)efLrA
¼[k½ Hkkjrh;laLd`fr% fo'oL; izkphurek laLd`fr%A
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
48
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p¼x½ Hkkjrh;laLd`rkS vkJeO;oLFkk ukfLrA
¼?k½ 'kjhja fr"Bfr fdUrq vkRek u';frA
¼³½ ;S% vkpj.kS% vkReu% vH;qn;% Hkofr l% /keZ% dF;rsA
¼p½ iq#"kkFkkZ% i×p lfUrA
¼N½ L=hiq#"kkS yksd;k=k:ijFkL; }s pØs Lr%
3- fjäLFkkukfu iwj;r &
¼d½ lkfgR;a laLd`rs %&&&&&&&& HkofrA
¼[k½ Hkkjrh;laLd`fr%&&&&&& vfLrA
¼x½ vkReu% nsgkUrjizkfIr% &&&&&&&& dF;rsA
¼?k½ ;nk vXus% /keZ% foyh;rs rnk l% &&& HkofrA
¼³½ ekuo% Lothous &&&&&& lk/k;frA
f}rh;% va'k%
29-4 laLdkjk%
nks"kk.kke~ vikdj.ka] ektZua laLdkj% dF;rsA dL;kfi O;äs%Lo:ia izdk'kf;rq a rL; 'kkjhfjd&ekufld&ckSf)difj"dkjk; fØ;ek.kk% fØ;k% laLdkjk% dF;UrsA ekuothouL;fofHkUus"kq voljs"kq fØ;ek.kk% laLdkjk% ra ckg~;:is.kvkUrfjd:is.k p ifo=a dqoZfUrA rS% ekuos foy{k.kkuke~xq.kkuka izknqHkkZo% HkofrA rnk l% 'kq)% laLÑrks HkwRok ;ksX;%xq.kh ukxfjd% HkofrA laLdkjfo"k;s eg"ksZ% O;klL; b;e~mfä% izfl)k vfLr &
v'kqHka u';rs lE;d~ 'kqHka fg izfri|rsA
dY;k.kfuf/kjk[;kr% laLdkj% loZdeZlqAA
HkoUr% tkufUr ;r~ Hkorke~ vfi eq.Mud.kZos/kkfnlaLdkjk% ;Fkkle;e~ vfHkHkkodS%dkfjrk%A ;|fi /keZxzUFks"kq x`g~;lw=s"kq p vusds"kka laLdkjk.kka fooj.ka izkI;rs fdarq rs"kqlokZf/kd&yksdfiz;kuka "kksM'k laLdkjk.kka fo"k;s v= o;a KkL;ke%A rs p "kksM'k&laLdkjk%lfUr&xHkkZ/kkulaLdkj%] iqaloulaLdkj%]lheUrksUu;ulaLdkj%] tkrdeZlaLdkj%]ukedj.klaLdkj%] fu"Øe.klaLdkj%] vUuizk'kulaLdkj%] pwMkdj.k ¼eq.Mu½ laLdkj%]d.kZos/k&laLdkj%] fo|kjEHklaLdkj%] miu;ulaLdkj%] osnkjEHklaLdkj%] ds'kkUrlaLdkj%]lekorZulaLdkj%] fookglaLdkj%] vUR;sf"V&laLdkj'pA
'kCnkFkkZ%vikdj.ke~ & nwjdjukAektZue~ & gVkuk
49laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
laLdkjljf.k%
¼d½ tUeu% iwoZlaLdkjk%
1- xHkkZ/kkulaLdkj%
larkuizkIrs% ykyl;k 'kkL=fof/ke~ vuql`R;L=h&iq#"kkH;ka xHkkZ/kkua fØ;rsA lfof/k fØ;ek.k%,"k% laLdkj% lUrrs% mRd"kkZ; HkofrA
fir`&_.kL; vikdj.kk; ;ksX;lUrfr% vko';dh bfr Hkkou;k ,o Hkkjrh;laLd`rkSvL;&laLdkjL; ijEijk fo|rsA xqf.kua lUrfra izkIrqa jtksn'kZukuUrja fu/kkZfjr&jkf="kq,"k% laLdkj% fØ;rsA r= larqfyr&HkkstuL; egÙoa orZrsA
HkoUr% tkufUr ;r~ vk/kqfuds dkys lUrfrfujks/kk; vusds d`f=eksik;k% fo/kh;Urs]fdUrq vLekda laLd`rkS rq xqf.ku% larkuL; mRiÙ;S la;eiwoZda xHkkZ/kku&laLdkj%fØ;rs u rq HkksxfyIl;kA l% ,o lUrfrfujks/kL; mik;%A
egkREkxkfU/kuk vfi Lo vkRedFkk;ke~ mäe~ ;r~ vHkZdk.kka f'k{kk ekrq% mnjkr~ ,oizkjH;rsA xHkkZ/kkuosyk;ka ekrq%&firq'p 'kjhjekul;ks% ;s fLFkrh Hkor% r;ks% izHkko%ckyds HkofrA xHkZdkys fi=ks% vkgkjfogkj;ks izHkko% vfi tk;ekus f'k'kkS irfrAorZeku&dkys ,rL; laLdkjL; vHkkos izk;% tuk% fod`rpsrl% enkfUork'p HkofUr]rkn`'kh% ,o lUrrh% tu;fUrA i'pkr~ nq%f[ku% HkofUrA vr% ,"k% laLdkj% ;Fkkfof/k,o dk;Z%A
¼d½tUeu% iwoZlaLdkjk%
¼[k½ckY;koLFkk;k%
laLdkjk%%
¼x½f'k{k;k lEc)k%%
laLdkjk%
¼?k½fookglaLdkj%
¼³½e`R;qlEc)% laLdkj%vUR;sf"VlaLdkj%
1xHkkZ/kkulaLdkj%
2iqaloulaLdkj%
3lheUrksUu;ulaLdkj%
1fo|kjEHk%
2miu;ulaLdkj%
3osnkjEHklaLdkj%
4ds'kkUrlaLdkj%
5lekorZulaLdkj%
1tkrdeZlaLdkj%
2ukedj.kLkaLdkj%
3fu"Øe.klaLdkj%
4vUuizk'kulaLdkj%
5pwM+kdj.klaLdkj%
6d.kZos/klaLdkj%
'kCnkFkkZ%mRd"kkZ; & mUufr ds fy,fod`rpsrl% & fodkj ;qäfpRr okysA enkfUork% &vgadkj vkfn enksa ls ;qävHkZdk.kke~ & cPpksa dknk;:is.k cikSrh ds :i esa½
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
50
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p2- iqaloulaLdkj%
iqeku~ lw;rs ;su deZ.kk rr~ iqaloue~ bfrA xHkZ/kkj.kL; r`rh;s ekls iq#"klUrrrs%ykHkkFkZa iqjk iqaloulaLdkjL; fo/kkueklhr~A ;|fi iq=izkIr;s izk;% tukuka euflegrh bPNk orZrs ijarq v|Ros lokZlka iq=iq=hlUrrhuka lekua egÙoe~ vfLrAx`º;lw=kuqlkja gksekfnda fo/kk; vfLeu~ laLdkjs nsork% izkF;ZUrsA xfHkZ.;k% d`rsizkd`frdkS"k/khuka lsouL;kfi r= fo/kkuefLrA fofo/kHkksT;fu;ekuka ikyusu ohjlUrrs%izkIr;s dkeuk dj.kh;k vklhr~A dU;k ok mRi|sr iq=ks ok] laLdkjiwrk larfr%iz'kaluh;k HkofrA Hkzw.kgR;k fuUnuh;kA Hkkjrs ukjh.kka lnk vknj% vHkor~A vr% dU;klUrfr% vfi dkE;k ,oA
3- lheUrksUu;u% laLdkj%
vfLeu~ laLdkjs izFkexHkZL; le;s "k"Bs v"Ves ok eklsL=h.kka ds'kik'ke/;s }kofi HkkxkS foHkT; lhekjs[kk fØ;rsA*lheUr% d';rs L=h.kka ds'ke/;s rq i)fr%A^ bfr opukuqlkja'kqHkfnus ifr% xfHkZ.;k% iRU;k% lheUre~ mUura d`Rokds'kizlk/kua djksfrA foHkäs lheUrs Luqghd.VdL; Li'kZuL;fo/kkuefLrA lksensork;k% eU=kfnfHk% Lrqfra fo/kk; vuqdwyrkaizkIrqa iz;kl% fØ;rs ;su xHkZikrL; vk'k³~dk u';srA
[k- ckY;koLFkk;k% laLdkjk%
1- tkrdeZlaLdkj%
lUrrs% tUekuUrja tkrdeZlaLdkj% fØ;rsA tkrdL;es/kkcye~ vk;qcZya o/kZf;rqe~ ,"k% laLdkj% fØ;rsAukyPNsnkr~ iwo± lqo.kZ}kjk nf/k?k`re/kwfu laesY;uotkrL; ftg~ok;ka ysguk; iznh;rsA vusu uotkrsf'k'kkS cyk/kkuL; dYiuk fØ;rsA uotkrL;Hk fo";thou a e axye; a L;k fnR;fH ki z k; s . ktkrdeZlaLdkj% fØ;rsA
2- ukedj.klaLdkj%
x`gs lUrrs% tUedkj.kkr~ n'kfnui;ZUra tuuk'kkSp%HkofrA vr% ,dkn'ks fnus vFkok }kn'ks fnus 'kqHksfnus ok uotkrL; ukedj.klaLdkjL; fo/kkue~vfLrA dqynsorka laiwT; tUeu{k=k/kkfjre~ v{kjafpRok e/kqflä;k nwoZ;k f'k'kks% vks"Bs uke fy[;rsAuwruoL=S% ekrk f'k'kq% p vyafØ;srsA O;ogkjsmi;ksxkFkZa rLeS vU;r~ fHkUua uke nh;rsA
'kCnkFkkZ%xfHkZ.;k% & xHkZ /kkj.kdjus okyh dsAds'kik'ke/;s & ckyksads chp esaALuqghd.VdL; &Luqgh ¼L;kgh½ ukedi{kh ds dk¡Vs dkAvk'k³~dke~ & lUnsgdks & fuokjf;rqe~ &nwj djus ds fy,
'kCnkFkkZ%nzO;nkue~ & /kujkf'k dknkuAes/kkcye~ & cqf) ds cydksAtuuk'kkSp%& tUe gksus dsdkj.k gqbZ vifo=rkAfpRok & pqudjnwoZ;k & nwc lse/kqflä;k & 'kgn lsfyIr ds }kjkuksi;qT;rs & mi;ksx ughafd;k tkrk gS
51laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
f}rh;ka'kL; lkjka'k%
nks"kk.kke~ vikdj.kk; Hkkjrh;lekts ekuokuka laLdkjk% fØ;UrsA laLdkjS% 'kq)hdj.kaHkofrA 'kq)hdj.kkr~ nqxqZ.kkuke~ vikdj.ke~ HkofrA rnuUrja ekuo% lektL; ;ksX;%ukxfjd% HkofrA 'kq);S /kkfeZd&fØ;k% fØ;Urs] laLdkjk% fo/kh;UrsA ,rs"kka laLdkjk.kkafooj.ka /keZ'kkL=s"kq x`º;lw=s"kq p izkI;rsA
,"kq laLdkjs"kq =;% laLdkjk% tUeu% izkd~ HkofUrA "kM~laLdkjk% ckY;koLFkk;ka fØ;UrsAi×p laLdkjk% lfUr f'k{kklEcfU/ku%A ,d% laLdkj% vfLr vkJelEcU/kh] ,d'pvUR;sf"V&laLdkj% e`R;ksjuUrja HkofrA
nks"kksa dks nwj djus ds fy, Hkkjrh; lekt esa yksxksa ds laLdkj fd, tkrs gSaA laLdkjdk vFkZ 'kq)hdj.k gksrk gSA 'kq)hdj.k ls nqxqZ.kksa dk uk'k gksrk gS rHkh euq"; lektds fy, ;ksX; ukxfjd curk gSA 'kq)hdj.k ds fy, /kkfeZd fØ;kvksa }kjk laLdkjfd, tkrs gSaA
laLdkjksa esa rhu laLdkj tUe ls igys gksrs gSaA lkr laLdkj cpiu esa fd, tkrs gSaApkj laLdkj f'k{kk ls lac) gSaA ,d laLdkj vkJe O;oLFkk ls lac) gSA ,d e`R;qds i'pkr~ fd;k tkrk gSA
ikBxriz'uk% 29-2
1- fuEufyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,d'kCnsu fy[kr
¼d½ nks"kk.kke~ vikdj.ka dFka Hkofr\
¼[k½ x`glEcfU/kfof/kfo/kkukuka o.kZua ds"kq xzUFks"kq izkI;rs\
¼x½ laLdkjk% dfrla[;kdk% HkofUr\
¼?k½ lUrrs% mRiknukr~ dL; _.kL; vikdj.ka Hkofr\
¼³½ iqaloulaLdkj% fdeFkZa fØ;rs\
¼p½ lhekUre~ mUura drqZa d% laLdkj% fo/kh;rs\
¼N½ dL; tkrdeZlaLdkj% fØ;rs\
¼t½ ukedj.klaLdkj% dfLeu~ fnus fØ;rs\
2- v/kksfyf[krokD;kuka lEeq[ks 'kq)dFkuL; Ñrs ¼ü½ bfr fpg~usu v'kq)dFkuL;Ñrs ¼×½ bfr fpg~usu p fufnZ'kr
¼d½ laLdkjs.k nks"kk.kka laxzg% HkofrA &&&&&&
¼[k½ laLÑrks HkwRok inkFkZ% mi;ksxk; ;ksX;% HkofrA &&&&&&&
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
52
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p¼x½ laLdkjS% xq.kkuka izknqHkkZo% HkofrA &&&&&
¼?k½- lUrfrizkIr;s xHkkZ/kkulaLdkj% fØ;rsA&&&&&&
¼³½ Hkkjrh;laLd`rkS laLdkjS% xqf.ku% lUrrs% mRiÙ;S lUrfrfujks/kk; p mik;k%lfUrA
¼p½ iqeku~ lw;rs ;su deZ.kk rr~ iqaloulaLdkj% dF;rsA&&&&
¼N½ v|Ros iq= iq=hlUrrhuka lokZlka lekua egÙoe~ vfLrA
¼t½ xfHkZ.;k% lheUrksUu;ulaLdkja dk·fi ukjh djksfrA&&&&&
¼>½ tkrdL; es/kkcya o/kZf;rqa tkrdeZlaLdkj% fØ;rsA&&&&&&
¼´½ x`gs n'kfnui;ZUra tuuk'kkSp% HkofrA
3- fjäLFkkukukfu iwj;r&
¼d½ nks"kk.kke~ &&&&&&&&&& laLdkj% dF;rsA
¼[k½ Hkkjrh;lekts &&&&&&&&&& la[;kdk% laLdkjk% fo|UrsA
¼x½ f'k'kkS% tUedkfyd ds'kkuka dÙkZua&&&&&&&&&& laLdkjs HkofrA
¼?k½ lheUrksUu;ulaLdkjs L=h.kka &&&&&&&&&& lhekjs[kk fØ;rsA
¼³½ tkrdL; es/kkcya vk;qcZya p o/kZf;rqa &&&&&&&&&& laLdkj% fØ;rsA
¼p½ ukedj.klaLdkj% &&&&&&&&&& fnus HkofrA
r`rh;% va'k%3- fu"Øe.k&laLdkj%
uotkrf'k'kks% ;fLeu~ x`gs tUe Hkofr rLekr~fu"Øe.kk; fu"Øe.k&laLdkj% fØ;rsA f'k'kks%vfrlqdqekjrk;k% voLFkk HkofrA rL; v³õizR;³õkfudkseykfu HkofUrA 'khrks".k;ks% rL; lqdqekj'kjhjsizfrdwy% izHkko% u L;kr~ rnFkZa 'kjhjs n`<+rk;k%vko';drk HkofrA vr ,o pRokfja'kr~ fnukuUrjafu"Øe.klaLdkj% fo/kh;rsA v|Ros rq dfri;fnus"osoekrq% uotkrL; p izlwfrx`gkr~ fu"Øe.ka HkofrA'kqHks fnus uotkra cfg% fu"dkL; lw;kZ; iz.kkeL;izFkk vfLrA
'kCnkFkkZ%fu"dze.kk; & fudyus ds fy,A'khrks".k;ks% & lnhZ vkSj xehZ dsAfu"dkL; & fudkydjAekr`LrU;e~ & ekrk dk nw/kvUuizk'kue~ & vUu f[kykuk
53laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
4- vUuizk'kulaLdkj%
xHkkZ'k;s fo|ekus lfr ek=k Hkqäsu HkkstukfnjlsuxHkZLFkf'k'kks% ikyuiks"k.ka HkofrA tUekuUrja ekrLrU;arL; vk/kkj% HkofrA ijUrq 'kjhjL; j{kk;S vUuL;vkJ;.ke~ vfuok;Za HkofrA vUusuSo euksHkkxL;iqf"V% HkofrA vr ,o vUu&O;oLFkka lqla;rkafo/kkrqe~ "k"Bs ekls vUuizk'ku&laLdkj% fØ;rsA f'k'kqauooL=S% lqlfTtra d`Rok uwruik=s ik;la rFkkyo.kfefJre~ vUua izk'kuk; rLeS nh;rsA
5- pwMkdj.k ¼eq.Mu½ laLdkj%
uotkrL; izFkes] r`rh;s i×pes ok o"ksZ 'kqHks eqgwÙksZ pwMkdj.klaLdkj% fØ;rsA vfLeu~laLdkjs tUedkfydL; ds'klewgL; viu;ua fØ;rsA
6- d.kZos/klaLdkj%
d.kZos/klaLdkj% vfi f'k'kks% r`rh;s] i×pes o"ksZ ok fo/kh;rsA *Hknza d.ksZfHk% J`.kq;ke nsok%^bfr eU=S% nsoku~ laizkF;Z d.kSZ% HknzdY;k.ke;&eaxy&;qäk;k% ok.;k% Jo.ka Hkosr~]ijfuUnk] ifjokn% v'yhykfn'kCnk% Jo.kiFks izfo"Vk% u L;q% bfr izkFkZu;k ,"k% laLdkj%fo/kh;rsA };ks% d.kZ;ks% iqVs"kq fNnza fo/kk; f'k'kos d.kkZHkw"k.ka nh;rsA lqJqrsu Lodh;svk;qosZn'kkL=s fyf[kre~ ;n~ vU=of)jksxL; ifjgkjkFkZa ckY;dkys d.kZos/k% ijeko';d%A
¼x½ f'k{k;k lEc)k% laLdkjk%
1- fo|kjEHklaLdkj%
f'k'kks% r`rh;s i×pes ok o"ksZ fo|kjEHklaLdkj% fØ;rsA 'kqHkeqgÙksZ frFkkS p dqynsorka]x.ks'ka] ljLorha] p iz.kE; f'k'kks% gLrs ys[kuha /kkjf;Rok xq#rqY;su Kkfuuk v{kjkjEHk%dk;ZrsA
2- miu;ulaLdkj%
osnL; v/;;ukFkZa xqjks% lehis ;su deZ.kk uh;rs l%laLdkj% miu;ulaLdkj% bfr ukEuk izfl)%A vfLeu~laLdkjs uorUrqfHk% ;qDra lw=a ^;Kksiohre~* bfr/kk;ZrsA vfLeu~ lw;ZL; vkjk/kuk;k% iz/kkurk orZrsAmiu;u&laLdkj% cq)s% fodklk; HkofrA cq)s% fodkl%l w; ZL; vkjk/ ku;k ,o Hk for q a 'kDuk s frAvfXugksekfndefi vfLeu~ laLdkjs iz/kkuefLrA
'kCnkFkkZ%ik;le~ & [khj dksAizk'kuk; & [kkus ds fy,ApwM+kdj.klaLdkj & ds'kksa dksdkVus dk laLdkjAifjokn% nks"kkjksi.k & fuUnkifjgkjkFkZe~ & nwj djus ds fy,A/kkjf;Rok & /kkj.kk djkdj
'kCnkFkkZ%ifjektZ;fr & 'kq) dj nsrk gSiyk'ko`{k% & Vslw dk isM+lEi|rs & lEiUu gksrk gS,do"kkZH;Urjs & ,d o"kZ ds vanjoVq% & czg~epkjhes[kyk & dej esa ck¡/ks tkusokyh dj/kuhdkSihu & yaxksVh'eJqdRrZue~ & nk<+h&ew ¡NdkVukAoiue~ & cksuk
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
54
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% piyk'k&o`{k% Lej.k'käs% o/kZuk; n`<+hdj.kk; plgk;d% eU;rsA vr ,o laLdkjs vfLeu~iyk'kn.M/kkj.kL; fo/kkue~ vfLrA
3- osnkjEHklaLdkj%
osnkjEHklaLdkj% miu;usu lgSo vFkok miu;uL; f}rh;s fnus lEi|rsA vkpk;Z%xk;=heU=L; mins'ka nnkfr oVq'p la;ferthoua ;kif;rqa izo`Ùk% HkofrA rnFkZe~vkpk;Z% oVos es[kyka] n.Ma] dkSihua p iznnkfrA ,"k% laLdkj% v|Ros izk;%ikjEifjd&xq#dqys"kq ,o fo/kh;rsA
4- ds'kkUrlaLdkj%
pwM+kdj.klaLdkjln`'k% ,o v;a laLdkj% HkofrA vfLeu~ laLdkjs ds'k&dÙkZusu lgizFkeksRiUu'eJqdÙkZue~ vfi Hkofr rFkk p ds'kkuka 'eJks% p oiua i`fFkO;ka fØ;rsA
5- lekorZulaLdkj%
lekorZulaLdkj% fo|k/;;ulekIrs HkofrA vkpk;kZ;J)k'kDR;uqlkja xq#nf{k.kka iznnkfrA vkpk;Z%Lukrdk; f'k";k; x`gLFkkJea izos"Vqe~ vkns'kaiznnkfrA x`gLFkthous vfi vkpk;Z% lR;&/keZ&Lok/;k;kfn&ikyusu ekr&fir&xq:.kka lRdkjiwoZdathoua ;kif;rqe~ vkfn'kfr & *lR;a on] /keZa pj]Lok/;k;kUek izen%* bfrA
¼?k½ x`gLFkkJelEc)laLdkj%1- fookglaLdkj%
osnosnk³õkuke~ v/;;ua lekI; fo|ka p izkI; xqjks% vkK;k xq.koR;k lo.kZ;k p fL=;klg fookga d`Rok x`gLFkkJes izos'kL; fo/kkue~ vfLeu~ laLdkjs HkofrA v;a laLdkj%iq#"kk; fL=;s p }kH;kekfi vR;Ura egÙoiw.kZ% vfLrA 'kjhj;ks% fofHkUurk;kefi };ks%vkRek ,d% HkofrA L=hiq#"k;ks% esyue~ ,d% /kkfeZdlaLdkj% vfLrA vfLeu~dkeoklukizo`Ùks% izeq[krk u Hkofr vfirq larkulw=L; lapkyuk; thouL; fo/kkuaHkofrA
¼³½ e`R;qlEc)% laLdkj%
vUR;sf"VlaLdkj%
ik×pHkkSfrds 'kjhjs vfXurÙoe~ izk.k:is.k fo|rsA ;nk vfXurÙoa 'kjhja R;tfr rnk
'kCnkFkkZ%Lukrd% & 'kkL=k/;;u lekIrdjus okykAlo.kZ;k & vius o.kZ dh ¼L=h½ds lkFkik¥p HkkSfrds & iFoh] ty] rst]ok;q] vkdk'k bu ikap rÙoksa lsfufeZrvof'k";rs & cp tkrk
55laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p'kjhjL; lokZ% fØ;k% 'kkUrk% HkofUrA 'kjhja
d soy a ' koek=e so vof' k ";r s AHkkjrh;/kesZ vkfndkyknso izFkk fo|rs ;r~erdL; 'ko% vXu;s leI;ZrsA 'ko% fprk;kaLFkki;rs vfXunso% 'kjhja HkLehHkwra djksfrAf=fnukuUrja HkLehHkwr'kjhjL; 'ks"kkf.kvLFkhfu ,d=hfØ;Urs] fudVLFklkxjslfjrk;ka ok izokg~;UrsA lkekftdk%e`rd'kjhjL; vkReu% eqä;s izkFkZ;fUrAv|Ros fofHkUus"kq laiznk;s"kq vUR;sf"VlaLdkjL; fofHkUukfu :ikf.k lfUrA Dofpr~ HkwxHksZ'koa laLFkkI;] Dofpr~ tye/;s p laLFkkI; vUR;sf"V&laLdkj% fo/kh;rsA
r`rh;ka'kL; lkjka'k%
ckY;koLFkk;k% laLdkjs"kq tkrdeZ&ukedj.klaLdkjkuUrja tkrdL; izlwfrxgkr~ fu"Øe.kaHkofrA rnk&i;ZUra rL; 'kjhjs ckº;okrkoj.ka lks<qa 'kfä% mRi|rsA "k"Bs ekls rL;vUuizk'kua fo/kh;rs ;su ckyL; 'kjhje~ vUusu iq";srA tUedkys rL; f'kjl% laLdkj%p wMkdj.klaLdkjukEuk HkofrA rnqÙkj a Jo.kjk sxkiu;ukFk Z a Jo.k'käs %on~/;FkZ p d.kZos/klaLdkj% fØ;rsA rnuUrja rrh;s i ~pes ok o"ksZ rL; fo|kjEHklaLdkj%fo/kh;rsA f'k{kkxzg.kk; xqjks% vkJes ra uhRok firk vkpk;kZ; leiZ;frA rnSo rL;miu;ulaLdkj% fo/kh;rsA r= rLeS ;Kksiohra nRok nSohxq.kS% laiw;Z fo|k/;;uk;izo`fÙk% fo/kh;rsA xqjks% vkJes ,o rL; osnkjEHkks·fi tk;rsA rnqÙkja ds'kkUrlaLdkj%xqjks% vkJes ,o fo/kh;rsA vUrs p ;qok lqf'kf{krks HkwRok czãp;kZJea ifjR;T;x`gLFkkJea izos"Vqeq|r% HkofrA rfLeu~ dkys rL; lekorZulaLdkj% HkofrAx`gLFkksi;ksfxfHk% mins'kS% vkpk;Z% ra x`gLFkkJes /kekZpj.kk; izorZ;frA
lekts x`gLFk/keksZfprO;ogkjk; fookglaLdkj% rL; p nsgkUrs dqVqfEcfHk% vUR;sf"VlaLdkj% lEi|rsA
cpiu ds laLdkjksa esa tkrdeZ&ukedj.klaLdkj ds ckn tkrd dk izlwfrx`g lsfu"Øe.k gksrk gSA rc rd mlds 'kjhj esa ckgjh okrkoj.k dh 'kfä vk tkrh gS]NBs ekl esa mldk vUuizk'ku fd;k tkrk gS ftlls ckyd dk 'kjhj vUu ls etcwrgks ldsA rc tUe ds le; flj ij mxs ckyksa dh tVk dks gVkdj flj dk laLdkjfd;k tkrk gS] ftls pwMkdj.k laLdkj dgrs gSaA dku ds jksxksa dks nwj djus ds fy,vkSj lquus dh 'kfä c<+kus ds fy, d.kZ&os/klaLdkj fd;k tkrk gSA rhljs ;k ikaposao"kZ esa mldk fo/kkjEHk laLdkj fd;k tkrk gS ftlls og i<+uk fy[kuk 'kq# dj nsrkgSA ckn esa fof/kiwoZd f'k{kk xzg.k djus ds fy, mls xq# ds vkJe ds mfprokrkoj.k esa igaqpk fn;k tkrk gSA ogka mldk miu;u laLdkj gksrk gSA rnqijkarmls ;Kksiohr igukdj nSohxq.kksa ls ;qä dj v/;;u esa yxk fn;k tkrk gSA xq#ds vkJe esa gh og osnkjEHk djrk gSA xq# ds vkJe esa gh mldk ds'kkUrlaLdkj
29.7
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
56
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p Hkh gksrk gSA var esa lqf'kf{kr gksdj ;qok&Lukrd czãp;kZJe NksM+dj x`gLFkkJe esaizos'k djrk gSA ml le; vkpk;Z mldk lekorZu laLdkj djds x`gLFkkJe esa/kekZpj.k ds fy, mins'k nsrk gSA
Lukrd lekt esa vkdj fookg laLdkj dj x`gLFk ds dÙkZO;ksa dk ikyu djrk gSAmi;qä vkpj.k djds og var esa vius 'kjhj dk R;kx djrk gSA dqVqEch tu mlds'kjhj dk vUR;sf"V laLdkj djrs gSaA
ikBxriz'uk% 29-3
1- fuEufyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,d'kCnsu fy[kr
¼d½ uotkrf'k'kks% izlwfrx`gkr~ fuLlkj.ks d% laLdkj% Hkofr\
¼[k½ vUuizk'kulaLdkjs ckydk; izFkea Hkkstuk; fda nh;rs\
¼x½ pwMkdj.klaLdkjL; vija uke fdefLr\
¼?k½ Jo.k'käs% o`n~/;FkZa d% laLdkj% fØ;rs\
¼³½ f'k'kks% fo|kjEHklaLdkj% dfLeu~ o"ksZ Hkofr\
¼p½ miu;ulaLdkjs ckyd% dq= uh;rs\
¼N½ lekorZulaLdkj% dnk Hkofr\
¼t½ d% laLdkj% thouL; iw.kZrk;k% izrhd% vfLr\
¼>½ 'kjhjR;kxkuUrja d% laLdkj% Hkofr\
2- v/kksfyf[krokD;s"kq 'kq)dFkua ¼√½ bfr fpàsu fufnZ'kr &
¼d½ v/kquk uotkrf'k'kks% prqFksZ ekls fu"Øe.k&laLdkjL; izFkk yqIrk tkrkA
¼[k½ vUuizk'kusu f'k'kks% euksHkkxL; iqf"V% u HkofrA
¼x½ pwM+kdj.klaLdkj% r`rh;s i×pes o"ksZ ok fØ;rsA
¼?k½ };ks% d.kZ;ks% iqVs"kq fNnza d.kZos/klaLdkjs fo/kh;rsA
¼³½ f'k'kks% fo|kjEHklaLdkj% fo|ky;s HkofrA
¼p½ miu;ulaLdkjs lw;ZL; vkjk/kuk;k% iz/kkurk orZrsA
¼N½ miu;ulaLdkj% ckfydkuka u HkofrA
¼t½ osnkjEHklaLdkj% xq#dqys"kq ,o HkofrA
¼>½ lekorZulaLdkjs vkpk;kZ; nf{k.kk nh;rsA
¼´½ fookglaLdkj% lUrkuksRiÙk;s fo/kh;rsA
57laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
3- fjäLFkkukfu iwj;r%
¼d½ f'k'kks% tUe ;fLeu~ x`gs Hkofr rn~x`ga &&&&&& dF;rsA
¼[k½ vUuizk'kulaLdkjs f'k'kos &&&&&&&& nh;rsA
¼x½ pwMkdj.klaLdkj% &&&&&&&&& lewgL; viu;su HkofrA
¼?k½ d.kZos/klaLdkjs.k &&&&&&& izfrjks/k% HkofrA
¼³½ fo|kjEHklaLdkj%&&&&& o"ksZ HkofrA
¼p½ miu;ulaLdkjs ckydk;&&&&&&& nh;rsA
¼N½ osnkjEHklaLdkjs vkpk;Z% f'k";k;&&&&&&& nnkfrA
¼t½ ;nk fo|kFkhZ Lukrdks Hkofr rnk &&&&&&&& laLdkj% HkofrA
29-5 fde~ vf/kxre~
• vLekda 'kkjhfjd&ekufldk/;kfRedkpj.kkuka jhr;% laLd`frukEuk Kk;UrsA
• osnksifu"kr~iqjk.kkfnxzUFks"kq fo|eku% izkphure% Kkujkf'k% Hkkjrh;laLd`fr%A
• laLd`rok³~e;s fufnZ"VS% laLdkjS% Hkkjrh;kuka thoua ifj"d`re~A
• Hkkjrh;laLd`fr% laLd`rlkfgR;s izfrfcfEcrkA
• Hkkjrh;laLd`rkS 'kjhjefrfjP; vkReu% lÙkk orZrsA
• 'kjhjs u"Vs vkRek u u';fr l p nsgkUrja izkIuksfrA
• vkRekue~ mUura drqZa lnkpkjk% izeq[kk% lnkpkjk; p /keZ% izeq[k%A
• /kekZFkZdkeeks{kk% Hkkjrh;laLd`rs% ewyrÙokfuA
• czkã.k{kf=;oS';'kwnzsfr pRokj% o.kkZ% JefoHkktuL; oSKkfuda :ia izLrqofUrA
• czãp;Z&xgLFk&okuizLFk&lU;klsfr pRokj% vkJek% orZUrsA ,rs vkJek% ekuothousfodklL; Øfed&lksikukfu lfUrA
• nks"kk.kke~ vigkjdk% laLdkjk% HkofUrA
• xHkkZ/kku&iqalou&lheUrksUu;u&tkrdeZ& ukedj.k&fu"Øe.k&vUuizk'ku &pwMkdj.k & d.kZos/k&fo|kjaHk&miu;u& osnkjEHk& ds'kkUr&lekorZu&fookg&vUR;sf"V bfr "kksM'klaLdkjk% lfUrA
• laLdkjS% laLd`rks HkwRok ekuo% lektL; jk"VªL; ;ksX;% mi;ksxh ukxfjd% HkwRokiq#"kkFkZprq"V;a lk/k;frA
laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
58
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*
laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
29-6 ;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
laLdkjk% v/kksfyf[krkuka thouewY;kuke~ vk/kkjk% lfUrA
R;kx%] ri%] ijksidkj%] fu"dke&deZ] dÙkZO;fu"Bk] /kkfeZd&lfg".kqrk] leUo;Hkko%]lR;a f'koa lqUnje~] la;e%] vfgalk] nkue~] larks"k] fo'ocU/kqRoHkko%] jkf"Vª;Sdrk;k%Hkko%A
29-7 ikBkUriz'uk%
1- laLÑrok³~e;L; ds xzUFkk% Hkkjrh;laLd`rs% ifjp;a izLrqofUr\
2- /keZL; fda y{k.ke~\
3- pRokj% o.kkZ% ds\
4- ds pRokj% vkJek%\
5- laLdkjL; fda y{k.ke~\
6- laLdkjk% dfr lfUr\
7- ckY;koLFkk;k% ds laLdkjk% lfUr\
8- iqaloulaLdkj% dL; Hkofr\
9- tuuk'kkSp% dfr fnukuka Hkofr\
10- eq.MulaLdkj% dnk Hkofr\
11- d.kZos/klaLdkjs.k fda Hkofr\
12- LukrdL; d% laLdkj% Hkofr\
13- Hkkjrh;laLd`rs fof'k"Vrk% i×pokD;s"kq fy[krA
14- okD;=;s.k iq#"kkFkZprq"V;a o.kZ;rA
15- ds"kkf×pr~ i×plaLdkjk.kka egÙoa Lo'kCns"kq fy[krA
29-8 mÙkjkf.k
fØ;kdyki%
1- p] d] x] M-] ?k] [k] 2- fookglaLdkj%
59laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~laLÑre~
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS laLdkjk%
fVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.khfVIi.kh
r`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikuer`rh;a Lokè;k;lksikue ~~ ~~ ~fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*fodYi% ^d*laLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% plaLÑre~ laLÑfr% p
ikBxr iz'uk%
29-1
1- ¼d½ laLd`rok³~e;s] ¼[k½ ekuo&laLd`fr% ¼x½ vkRek] ¼?k½ lqQykfu] ¼³½ /keZ%
¼p½ ekuork ¼N½ nkgdrk] ¼t½ o.kkZ% ¼>½ JefoHkktuL;] ¼´½ prq"kqZ ¼V½ /keZ%]vFkZ% dke% eks{k'pA
2- ¼d½ √ ¼[k½ √ ¼x½ × ¼?k½ × ¼³½ √
¼p½ × ¼N½ √
3- ¼d½ okgue~ ¼[k½ ekuolaLd`fr% ¼x½ iqutZUe ¼?k½ {kkj% ¼³½ iq#"kkFkkZu~
29-2
1- ¼d½ laLdkjs.k ¼[k½ xg~;lw=s"kq ¼x½ "kksM'k ¼?k½ fir&_.kL; ¼³½ iq#"klUrfrizkIr;s¼p½ lheUrksUu;ue~ ¼N½ uotkrf'k'kks% ¼t½ ,dkn'kfnus
2- ¼d½ × ¼[k½ √ ¼x½ √ ¼?k½ √ ¼M- ½ √
¼p½ √ ¼N½ √ ¼t½ × ¼>½ √ ¼´½ √
¼V½ √
3- ¼d½ ektZue~ ¼[k½ "kksM'k ¼x½ pwMkdj.k ¼?k½ ds'ks"kq ¼³½ miu;u ¼Pk½ ,dkn'ks
29-3
1- ¼d½ fu"Øe.klaLdkj% ¼[k½ {khje~ ¼x½ eq.MulaLdkj% ¼?k½ d.kZos/k% ¼³½ r`rh;si×pes ok o"ksZ ¼Pk½ xqjks% lehis ¼N½ fo|k/;;u lekIrkS ¼t½ fookglaLdkj%¼>½ vUR;sf"V laLdkj%
2- ¼d½ √ ¼[k½ × ¼x½ √ ¼?k½ √ ¼³½ × ¼p½ √ ¼N½ √ ¼t½ √ ¼>½ √ ¼´½ √
3- ¼d½ izlwfrx`ge~ ¼[k½ ik;le~ ¼x½ ds'kkuke~ ¼?k½ vU=o`f)jksxL; ¼³½ r`rh;si×pes ok ¼p½ ;Kksiohre~ ¼N½ xk;=heU=e~ ¼t½ lekorZu%
29-7 ikBkUriz'uk%
Lo;a dqoZUrqA