L'energia nei paesi in via di sviluppo

Ralph Gebauer

Monday, May 31st, 2010

Le filiere dell'energiaFondazione Internazionale Trieste

ICTP’s mission

• Foster the growth of advanced studies and research in physics and mathematics, especially among researchers from developing countries;

• Provide an international forum for the exchange of information and ideas among scientists from the North and South;

• Maintain excellent research facilities for visitors, associates and fellows, principally from developing countries, who participate in the Centre's research and training activities.

Example: Ethiopia

Population (2005): 73 millionTPES (2003): 238.4 109 kWhShare of renewables: > 92%

Example: Ethiopia

Population (2005): 73 millionTPES (2003): 238.4 109 kWhShare of renewables: > 92%

Share of renewables, excluding combustible renewables: < 1%

This portion is mainly hydro-electricity from large installations(mainly unreliable)

Solar energy distribution in Europe

Solar energy distribution worldwide

Photovoltaics

1 40 % of present annual end energy consumption of FRG (3*1018 J)2 50% of present end energy use of Western Europe (1.8 * 1019 J)3 50 % of present annual world energy consumption (1020 J)4 50 % of extrapolated annual world energy consumption in 2030 (2* 1019 J)

Percentage of total Sahara area:

7.6 %4

5.4 %3

0.7 %2

0.12 %1

Required Land Areasusing 10 % efficient photovoltaic modules

Arbeitskreis Alternativenergie Tübingen (Herausg.): "Energiepolitik vonunten", Fischer, Frankfurt/Main, 1982

Hanoi, Dec 2009 Addis Ababa, Maggio 2010

Key challenges for research in new materials:

Energy conversion which is:• Scalable (10 – 30 TW, in 2050)• CO2 free• Affordable

Energy storage which is:• Scalable • Affordable

"Energy engineering" knowledge:• For all