CHAPTER 17.1

Section 1: The Roots of Western Imperialism

Objectives:

Explain why Europeans looked outside their own countries for raw materials and markets.

List reasons, other than industrialization, that led Europeans to establish colonies and expand their empires.

Describe the development of imperialism, including the different types of colonial relationships that existed.

The Age of Imperialism

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At the end of the 18th century colonialism seemed to have become a thing of the past.

Britain had lost its Thirteen Colonies in America, Spain and Portugal had lost most of South America and Holland was having difficulties holding onto the East Indies.

SECTION 1The Roots of Western ImperialismA hundred years later, however, a second wave of colonisation took place. Within twenty years, from 1880 to 1900, every corner of the Earth, from the highest mountains in the Himalayas to the most remote Pacific island and Antarctica, came to be claimed by one or other European power.

How did they come to control most of the

world?

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1870-1914 Height of the Age of Imperialism

…when one country takes control of another country.

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Types of Control

• Settlement colonies• Dependent colonies• Protectorates• Spheres of influences

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Settlement colonies ~ Australia

…large groups of people fromone country living together ina new place.

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Dependent Colonies

…European officials would rule non-European people.

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Protectorate…local ruler keeps his titlebut the Europeans had the REAL power and controlledthe area.

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Spheres of Influence

…an area where one nation hasa special interest and othernations agree to respect thosespecial interests.

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Nationalism!…nations believed that others would respect them more ifthey had colonies.

BONUS!

More colonies = more manpower for troops!

BIGGERARMIES!

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Navies were rapidly becoming more important, especially for colonization.

Location,location,location!

Tiny islands with nothing but strategiclocation became EXTREMELY important!

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There were also many ECONOMIC

REASONS for imperialism…

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What pushed imperialism in the 19th century?

Industrialization!

• Raw materials

• New markets

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Rapid population growthaccompanied industrialization.

More people need more jobsAND more space.

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Cultural MotivesPeople were considered lacking if their religion or culture differed from the West.

They thought non-Western people were primitive –“half-devil and half child.”

They used this idea tojustify imposing their ownvalues and cultural ideas onother peoples.

Political CartoonThe Roots of Western Imperialism

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MissionariesChristian missionaries hoped to convertpeople, but they did other work as well.

Medicine, hygiene, andsanitation spread along withChristianity.

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Now, let’s look at some visual sources and political cartoons…

Political CartoonThe Roots of Western Imperialism

The Roots of Western Imperialism

Political Cartoon

The Roots of Western Imperialism

Political Cartoon

The Roots of Western Imperialism

Political Cartoon

SECTION 1The Roots of Western Imperialism