PARTS OF SPEECH

ELA6C1 The student demonstrates understanding and control of the rules of the English language, realizing that usage involves the appropriate application of conventions and grammar in both written and spoken formats

a. Identifies and uses the eight basic parts of speech and demonstrates that words can be different parts of speech within a sentence

A noun is a….

PERSON, PLACE, THING, or IDEA

Person: friend, parent, boy, Jane

Place: home, city, backyard, Mcdonalds

Thing: ball, homework, secret, Easter

Idea: happiness, trouble, love

Common Nouns: Name general itemsProper Nouns: Name specific things

Common Proper coffee shop Starbucks jeans Levi’s country United States singer Justin Bieber

Common vs. Proper

ABSTRACT NOUNSNouns that you CANNOT :

see, hear, smell, taste, or feel

Bravery Love

Trust Creativity Freedom

Thought Education Communication Honesty

COLLECTIVE NOUNSNames groups composed of

members

Audience Family Department

Team Class Committee Company Group

PLURAL NOUNSMore than one

Usually just add an “s” or an “es”

more than one girl = girls more than one kiss = kissesmore than one box = boxes

more than one snake = snakes

Irregular Plural forms:more than one goose = geesemore than one child = childrenmore than one mouse = mice

POSSESSIVE NOUNSNames who or what has something

The captain’s voice

The child’s mother

My father’s car

The baby’s bottle

My team won the championship

game.

A. Plural Noun B. Collective Noun

My sister’s hair is blonde now.

A. Possessive NounB. Plural NounC. Collective Noun

I was happy about my new friendship with

Susan.

A. Plural NounB. Collective NounC. Abstract Noun

The women in my mother’s club are

very nice.

A. Collective NounB. Plural NounC. Possessive Noun

It took an hour to finish my homework

assignments.

A. Possessive NounB. Collective NounC. Plural Noun

We stopped by Taco Bell on the way

home from practice.

A. Collective NounB. Proper NounC. Common Noun

My mother appreciated my honesty when I

admitted to breaking her vase.

A. Possessive Noun B. Abstract Noun C. Collective Noun

ADJECTIVESDescribes a noun

Tells…. What kind? I found a RED rose.

How many? THREE tickets, please.

Which one? I would eat THESE muffins.

COMMON ADJECTIVES

A simple, regular adjectiveDescribes a noun in a general

way

sharp, flexible, hot, red, hidden, dripping, nice, huge,

slow, hairy, beautiful, straight, crazy, smart, shy, nervous,

loud….

SAD BLUE CHILLY EMPTY

OLD SWEET STRONG RICH

PROPER ADJECTIVES

Derived from proper nounsUsually capitalized

Proper Noun Proper Adjective

America Mexico England Mars

AmericanMexican EnglishMartian

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

Points out nounsAlways answers the question which

one?

Singular PluralTHISTHAT

THESETHOSE

I saw a rabbit run under these bushes.

Can you understand the plot of this book?

I think those flowers are beautiful.

That boy did well on this test.

VERBS

Express action or state of being

ACTION VERBSShow action

-Can be actions you can’t see: thought, wanted

-Time-telling verbs: Tell when something takes place

Present tense: runs

Past tense: ran Future tense: will run

TRANSITIVE Takes a direct object

Transmits action to an object

He sent the letter.

You lifted the bag. I ate the pie.

Direct object receives the action

(letter = direct object of sent)

(bag receives the action of lifted)(pie receives the action of

ate)

INTRANSITIVEDoes not take an object

Verbs that are ALWAYS intransitive:arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die

She sleeps too much.

James went to the store.

Glenda sits on the front porch.

Nothing receives the action of the verbs

TRANSITIVE VS. INTRANSITIVE

She sings every day. (no object = intransitive)

She sings songs. (songs receives the action of sings = transitive)

The boy eats candy. (candy receives the action of eats = transitive)

The boy eats after dinner. (no object = intransitive)

The old woman struggled up the

hill.

A. Transitive B. Intransitive

The man bought flowers for his wife.

A. TransitiveB. Intransitive

The sun rose early this morning.

A. TransitiveB. Intransitive

At the end of the play, the entire cast dances across the

stage.

A. Transitive B. Intransitive

I eat mustard on my french fries instead

of ketchup.

A. Transitive B. Intransitive

Jack knew his hard work paid off when

he received first prize.

A. Transitive B. Intransitive

LINKING VERBSDo not express action

Connects the subject of the verb to additional information about the subject.

True Linking Verbs:Any form of be [am, is, are, was, were, has been, are being, might have been,

etc.. ]become, and seem

Jane is an athlete.

During the afternoon, my cats are content to nap on the couch.

After drinking the old milk, John turned green.

Mark feels sleepy after eating a big meal.

LINKING VS. ACTIONIf you can substitute am, is, or are & the

sentence still makes sense, it is a linking verb

If, after the substitution, the sentence makes no sense, it is an action verb

Linking OR Action verbs:appear, feel, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, and

turn

Sylvia tasted the spicy stew. (Sylvia is the stew.)

Tasted is a(n) action verb in this sentence.

The stew tasted good. (The stew is good.)

Tasted is a(n) linking verb in this sentence.

I smell the aroma of the stew. (I am the aroma.)

Smell is a(n) action verb in this sentence.

The stew smells heavenly. (The stew is heavenly.)

Smells in a(n) linking verb in this sentence.

The ghost appeared in the doorway.

A. LinkingB. Action

My mother tasted the soup to make sure it was not too hot.

A. LinkingB. Action

Jenny looks at the pictures in the

book.

A. LinkingB. Action

The gardener grew some flowers.

A. LinkingB. Action

The women grew silent when she saw

the bear.

A. LinkingB. Action