Post on 18-Mar-2020
transcript
Insert Heading
Lessons learned from the
Dar es Salaam Municipal Development Project
Improvement of Solid Waste Management
Daniel Cramer, SMEC Africa
September 2013
SMEC Background
The Organisation and Regions
• Independent professional consultancy
firm
• over 5,000 over 80 offices around the
world.
• Consistently in the Engineering News
Record - one of the “Top 200
International Consultancy Firms”
• Ranked No. 9 for Water projects
South Africa
Africa
• First SMEC operations in 1970
• Over 30 offices across the continent
• 1,200 staff
Technical Functions
• Transport
• Civil Infrastructure
• Water & Environment
• Urban Development
• Industrial & Power
• Local Government
• Social Development
SMEC BACKGROUND
Industry Sectors
• National and Local Government
• Oil & Gas
• Mining
• Power Generation & Distribution
• Water Supply & Sanitation
• Land Developers
• Manufacturing Industries
• Agricultural Industry
• Waste Management
• Construction
� Dar es Salaam Metropolitan Development Project (DMDP)
� For Municipalities:
• strengthen the institutional and urban management systems of the
Dar es Salaam Local Authorities (DLAs) in order to improve service
delivery over time;
• provide studies/designs for actual improvements through sub-
projects, eg. Solid Waste
� Project Objectives:
• prepare the investments for a comprehensive SWM system for Dar
es Salaam
• Prepare feasibility studies, designs, drawings, cost estimates and
tender packages for sub-projects;
• Conduct ESIA for the sub-projects including new sites;
• Provide input to the separate consultants for both Institutional
Review and Strengthening and the PPP initiatives
Background
Project
Background
Project
Environment
Sub Projects
Quantities
Collection
TFS/MRF
Transport
Pugu Upgrade
W2E
Law/Regs
Education
Development
Proposal
Waste
Minimisation
� Significant percentages of the waste generated in Dar es Salaam
are not collected, especially waste from unplanned areas;
� Current conditions of the waste collection and transport systems
may pose risks to human health and the environment;
� Limited funding for operations;
� Aging equipment
Key Issues
Sub-Project: Waste Quantities & Composition
Year 2010 2015 2020 2025
Population Size 4,000,000 4,900,000 5,900,000 7,100,000
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000
Hasconing & M-Konsult 1988
Master Plan SWM 1989
Manus Coffey 1992
Master Zanz-DSM [for 1994]
DCC 1995
JICA 1997
ERC 2004
DCC 2011
tonnes per day
Historic Waste Generation & Sources
HH
Commercial/Industrial
Institutional
Markets
Street Sweeping
Other
Total
Sub-Project: Waste Quantities & Composition
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Lusaka, Zambia
Ghorari, Nepal
Bamako, Mali
Mosji, Tanzania
Nairobi, Kenya
Canete, Peru
Managua, Nicaragua
Sousee, Tunesia
Solid Waste Collection Rate/Coverage %
� Handcart collection where
other access is not possible
� Manual Handling
� Waste is on the ground
Solid Waste Collection
� Community & stakeholder consultation
� Studies, feasibility assessments
� Community & stakeholder supported upgrade packages
� Engineering systems design
� Revenue collection and by-laws
� Services delivery system
Key Project Aspects
Wide Range of Conditions: Solutions
� Consultation with community & stakeholders
� Community and area specific solutions
� “One size does not fit all”
� High degree of flexibility
Key Aspects: Community & Stakeholder
� Community can make or break a waste management system
� Administrators need to support and have the appropriate capacity and funds
� Stakeholders need to actively participate
� Consultation: repeated consultation in different forums
� Training: Targeted training for different groups
� Incentives: Award schemes, fee reductions, tax exemptions
� Conflicting legislation & By-Laws:
• unify regulations and by-laws within the service delivery region
• adjust regulations/by-laws to service delivery mode
• model revisions on existing successful frameworks, if transferable
� Insufficient enforcement:
• Identify, be aware of, overcome cultural hurdles
• awareness campaign in parallel with stepping up enforcement
• positive reinforcement, eg. award systems
� Revenue - affordability, collection rate:
• increase fee collection rates from system users eg. electronic fund
transmission, by co-charging with other services
• increase transparency of collection to ensure collected fees are reaching
the intended destination
• subsidise collection in low income areas by revenue from high income
areas
Key Aspects: Legislation, Revenue
� Local Government Departments are often understaffed, underfunded and
bogged down in procedures and protocols:
• deliver part services through CBOs/Contractors [mini-PPP]: eg. providing
collection truck with driver;
• combine services into larger service packages [PPP]: eg. design,
construction, operation of Waste Transfer Station;
• award concessions [PPP] for wide ranging services based on performance
criteria;
� contract durations must be sufficiently long to allow service providers to make
sensible investments;
� service providers [CBOs/Contractors] need sufficient experience contract
management and financial planning: select capable providers and provide
training;
� all participants in a PPP must understand what the key prerequisites are for
PPP arrangements: provide targeted training
Key Aspects: Delivery Mode