Post on 18-Jan-2018
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Life after CLTSTowards total sanitation
10th November 2009
Midrand, South Africa
The story line……….
• Re-stating our problem• Re-evaluating our sanitation practice• Re-interpreting• Rediscovering • Re-engineering• Re-affirm our commitment
Re-stating our problemSanitation
49%
70%
39% 44%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1990 2004 2015
Tota
l San
itatio
n C
over
age
Actual coverageContinue at same rateRequired rate
Approximately 90 Million Nigerians lack improved sanitation
You can chew for someone but you can’t swallow for them
Percentage of Households Citing as Problem
77
53
46
40
26
22
22
19
Water
Electricity
Poverty
Health care
Roads
Fertiliser
Education
Latrines
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage of households citing as problem
Re-assessing the sanitation gaps…
• Sanitation improvements are household and community issues
• Distinguish our “expert” opinions from the voices of the users
• Subsidy trap• Solutions imported from outside
• More equitable and sustainable approach
• WaterAid targeted 16,000 communities over the past 5 years in Bangladesh
• Shame and disgust that led to change
• In 13 communities, access increased from 5% to 46% within 8 month period
CLTS as an alternative
Burkina Faso
Nigeria
Mali
Ghana
Re-interpreting….• Initiative is better received• Greater community ownership• Changes attributed to CLTS are much more significant• Sustained used of latrines• Community feel proud about positive changes• Local material are used instead of concrete slabs• “We can roll out the mat anywhere and lie down and be
happy”• “Neighbouring communities want to be like us”BUT…• Some communities are resistant to abandoning• 18% reported reverting to open defecation• Socio-cultural causes of open defecation
Clearly, it’s not a poverty related issue…
Equity: open defecation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Mburubu
Mbaazenger
Mbagbor
Duhuwa
Efopu-Ekile
Igba % OD in disadvantaged households% OD in rest of community
Our research hypothesis…
Equity: open defecation by ethnic group
48%
1%
76%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Molori
Duhuwa
FulaniHausa
We believe that….• Open defecation is related to factors
specific to the culture of the ethno-linguistic groups that practice it;
and..• The collective abandonment of open
defecation will only be achieved through the modification of the social convention which regulates the practice of the group;
and…• Each group has socio-cultural factors
that can be used to produce culturally appropriate responses to encourage the group to abandon open defecation.
• Shame - defecation as a private practice
• Social status - only the rich should own latrines
• Sharing - Obligation to hosts• Superstition - fear of being
possessed• Social pressure• Sacred - Ancestral practices• Smell - offensive and off-putting
Re-discovering… The 7 S findings acting as barriers to abandoning open defecation
Re-engineering….Improving sanitation programming
• Understanding the local context before the start
• Adapting triggers to suit local contexts
• Broad stakeholder involvement
• Skilful and measured facilitation
Our call this afternoon…
• WaterAid – Unicef Partnership in Nigeria• The leadership of the Federal
Government of Nigeria• The Regional Learning Center in West
Africa• Spreading like an epidemic• Together, let’s make it happen…
Thank you for your attention
Idrissa Doucoureidrissadoucoure@wateraid.org