Post on 01-Jan-2016
transcript
Life in the Northern Life in the Northern ColoniesColonies
The New England The New England
and Middle Coloniesand Middle Colonies
New England Spreads Out
New England Spreads Out
New England Colonies, 1679
New England Colonies, 1679
The EconomyThe Economy
Several cash crops per farm (NJ, PA, NY)Several cash crops per farm (NJ, PA, NY) Wheat, corn, cattle, hogsWheat, corn, cattle, hogs Surplus food went to West IndiesSurplus food went to West Indies
Commercial Industries (All colonies)Commercial Industries (All colonies) Wheat grindingWheat grinding Harvesting FishHarvesting Fish Sawing LumberSawing Lumber Ship ManufacturingShip Manufacturing
Many MerchantsMany Merchants
Urban Life StyleUrban Life Style
Trade caused Port Cities to Trade caused Port Cities to GrowGrow
Ie. NY, Boston, PhiladelphiaIe. NY, Boston, Philadelphia
Sophistication: paved streets, Sophistication: paved streets, police patrols, whale-oiled police patrols, whale-oiled lamps on sidewalkslamps on sidewalks
Overcrowding did cause Overcrowding did cause problemsproblems
Firewood/clean water scarceFirewood/clean water scarce Disease/fire spread rapidlyDisease/fire spread rapidly PovertyPoverty
Diversity of the NorthDiversity of the North
Pre-1700 – immigrants were indentured servants Pre-1700 – immigrants were indentured servants from Englandfrom England
1818thth century – 585,000 immigrants century – 585,000 immigrants 1/3 from other countries1/3 from other countries Scotts, English, Dutch, Germans, IrishScotts, English, Dutch, Germans, Irish Variety of ReligionsVariety of Religions
Reasons for coming:Reasons for coming: Escape economic devastationEscape economic devastation Religious freedomReligious freedom
Problems with English Problems with English and “The Others”and “The Others”
Different groups did not always get alongDifferent groups did not always get along
Why should the [Germans] be suffered to swarm Why should the [Germans] be suffered to swarm into our Settlements, and by herding together into our Settlements, and by herding together establish their Language and Manners to the establish their Language and Manners to the Exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, Exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of Anglifying them?Germanize us instead of Anglifying them?
Suspicion of each other occurred on both ends.Suspicion of each other occurred on both ends.
Slavery in the NorthSlavery in the North
No need for as many slaves – why?No need for as many slaves – why? Less labor in wheat than tobacco/riceLess labor in wheat than tobacco/rice
Considered property, but had more legal Considered property, but had more legal standingstanding Could sue, right to appeal in court, could testify Could sue, right to appeal in court, could testify
against whites in cases not involving Africans.against whites in cases not involving Africans.
Hard lives, considered less human, no gathering, Hard lives, considered less human, no gathering, no weapons, no protection from cruelty.no weapons, no protection from cruelty.
Life in the NorthLife in the North
Family Stability – grandparents too!Family Stability – grandparents too!
Population grew initially from reproductionPopulation grew initially from reproduction
Booming birthrateBooming birthrate
Avg. life expectancy was 70Avg. life expectancy was 70
PatriarchyPatriarchy
Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household.
Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs.
Women in the NorthWomen in the North
Extensive Work ResponsibilitiesExtensive Work ResponsibilitiesWeaving clothes, sewing, gardening, tending livestock, baking, Weaving clothes, sewing, gardening, tending livestock, baking, make candlesmake candles
Few Legal RightsFew Legal RightsNo voteNo voteNo entering into contractsNo entering into contractsNo buying/selling propertyNo buying/selling propertyNo keeping wagesNo keeping wagesOnly single women could run businessOnly single women could run business
Religion was used to keep women subordinate to Religion was used to keep women subordinate to husbands and men.husbands and men.
Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials
Cause: Cause: limitations on womenlimitations on women tensions from uneven economic growthtensions from uneven economic growth strained relations with Nativesstrained relations with Natives misdirected religious zeal.misdirected religious zeal.
Constant occupation with violence and Constant occupation with violence and death b/c feared Native attacksdeath b/c feared Native attacks
The Beginning The Beginning of the Salem Witch Trialsof the Salem Witch Trials
Girls accused Tituba, African slave, of Girls accused Tituba, African slave, of practice witchcraftpractice witchcraft
Received attention for this, so accused Received attention for this, so accused others as wellothers as well
Those accused tried to save themselves Those accused tried to save themselves by accusing others as witchesby accusing others as witches
Patterns of those AccusedPatterns of those Accused
1.1. EconomicEconomicSalem undergone economic growth left Salem undergone economic growth left some very wealthy and some poorsome very wealthy and some poor
Poor accused the wealthier areaPoor accused the wealthier area
2.2. WomenWomenWomen who were too independentWomen who were too independent
Violated puritan standards of behaviorViolated puritan standards of behavior
ResultResult
Ended when girls accused the governor’s wifeEnded when girls accused the governor’s wife
Courts realized evidence was falseCourts realized evidence was false
The Accused:The Accused: 19 people hanged19 people hanged 1 person crushed to death1 person crushed to death 4 “witches” died in jail4 “witches” died in jail 150 others spent time in jail.150 others spent time in jail.