Post on 16-Apr-2017
transcript
Zainul AbideenThe Fourth Imam
By A.S. Hashim. MD
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LineageLineage
Zainul Abideen
Al-Husain Shahr BanuDaughter of Yazdajird
Ali
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Zainul Abideen in Childhood
Mother dies a few days after childbirthAunt Zainab takes care of himHas the charming looks of grandfather AliGrandpa Ali loves him dearlyWhen two yrs old grandpa Ali is assassinatedBack to Medina
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Up to 13 Yrs Old
Tutored by Al-Hasan and Al-HusainParticipated in the Discourse held at the Masjid Al-NabawiClose relationship to Al-HasanClose to Zainab, his auntHis capacity of learning and reasoning is outstanding
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In his Youth
At age 14, he loses Al-Hasan who died of poisoning by Mu’awiyaAverage in stature, slender, handsome, and impressive. Character was molded by IslamParticipates in discussions led by his father
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In early adulthood
Marries Fatima, the daughter of Al-HasanA year after marriage a boy is born, named Muhammad (Al-Baaqir)The Ummah was in turmoil, since Mu’awiya was trying to appoint Yazid as KhalifaFor some time Mu’awiya’s agents and collaborators were busy selling cooperation and acceptance of Yazid to the people
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Karbala with Al-HusainZainul Abideen, his wife, and his son (Muhammad Al-Baaqir) joined Al-Husain to KarbalaHe witnesses the savage treatment dealt to the family of the Prophet in KarbalaSees his father, 5 uncles, and many relatives (17 teenagers) mercilessly cut to pieces and heads cut offSees the tents burned and children screaming in alarm and running in fright for shelterWitnesses the nightmare of the moment while sick in bed near fainting
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In KarbalaHe became gravely ill during the events of Karbala, with fever and fainting spellsWas conferred the Imamah during the turmoil of KarbalaZainab addresses him as the ImamConfronted Ibn Ziyad in Kufa, quoting the QuranIn fetters, he was taken 700 miles to Damascus72 heads, including his father’s, were on top of spears for the show
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In DamascusOnlookers thought them to be rebelsFace to face with Yazid answered only by quoting the Quran, defeating YazidGave a speech in Masjid Umawi on Friday PrayerReturned to Medina with family as per his wishes, but the nightmarish tribulation never left his mind
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Part of his Khutba at Masjid UmawiI am the offspring of the Lord of Mecca and Medina,I am the issue of the Lord of Zamzam and Safa,I am the lineal descendant of him whose forefather had lifted in his cloak the Black Stone,I am the child of the one who mounted the Buraq and gone through the regions of HeavensI am from the progeny of the one who went up to Sidratul Mun'taha, and whom Allah had shown the fountainhead of the Wahy
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More of the KhutbaI am the offspring of the guide from whom disbelievers got the guidance to the straight path, I am ...................I am the son of a person whose thread of life was snapped by cruel fingers, and I am the son of whose head was severed while thirsty, and body left exposed to the burning sands of Karbala,I am the son whose father's death was mourned by the Angels in Heaven, as well as humans and Jinn, I am the son whose father's head was mounted on a spear and taken for show from town to town
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Zainul Abideen takes up seclusion.
After Karbala Zainul Abideen takes up seclusion in the outskurts of Medina, for about one year, in a tentZainab takes provisions for him every dayOnly about 5 people are permitted to meet with himUncle Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiyah represents him and acts on his behalfSpends time in composing Du’aa, Meditating, and PrayersBe away from spies and secret agents
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He Charts the Course for future Islamic works
Three channels:1. To produce Islamic Scholars that ultimately would
topple Benu Umayya (Islamic scholars)2. Means of communication to spread the teachings by
the cadre of scholars3. Establish a transparent network to promote the
cause of Ahlul BaytThe above are to be carried out year after year transparently
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His immediate period
Strategy consists of:1. Crying and actively seeking people’s sympathy for Al-
Husain, and talk about Karbala persistently2. Emphasizes Prayer and long Sujood3. Persists on Du’aa, composing them and let them be
the MAP for the future works4. Shuns Politics Completely5. Starts Majlis for Imam Husain every year6. Gradually educate scholars in Islam
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Give refuge to Benu Umayya
Hosts Marwan's family and relatives, 400 members, free of charges. 1. Kept them for several weeks, 2. Period when Yazid’s army invaded MedinaMarwan was the nemesis and trouble maker during Uthman’s ruleMarwan was the enemy of Ahlul Bayt, but now he is in need of their helpMarwan fought Ali during Jamal Confrontation
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Turmoil of the times
Zainul Abideen witnesses the grave consequences of the failed Medina uprising: 1. Sahaaba killed, 2. Wives assaulted, and 3. Property pilfered Ka’ba was attacked by Yazid to pacify Ibn ZubairAl-Hajjaj burns the Ka’ba by throwing catapultYazid dies at age of 33 YearsThe forces leave Mecca
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During the 3 yr of Yazid RuleDuring the 3 yr of Yazid Rule
2. Invades Medina
3. Attacks Ka’ba
1. Karbala Atrocities
Atrocities of Yazid’s Rule
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More uprisingsUprising of Tawwaboon against Benu Umayya: fight unto deathUprising of Mukhtar in Iraq: Occupy Iraq, chase all fighters against Husain and kill them, including Ibn Ziyad, Shimr, and Omar ibn Sa’adMarwan becomes Khalifa, then dies 9 months laterIt is said Marwan was killed by his wife by either poisoning or by way of choking
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Tough times
Al-Hajjaj (who attacked the Ka’ba to subdue Ibn Zubair), becomes governor of Iraq,Tyrannical rule in Iraq for 20 years. The new dictator’s cruelty knows no limitsAbdul Malik (son of Marwan) is Khalifa in SyriaZainul Abideen works diligently to focus on Piety as the basis for society.
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The Islamic Institute
Steady growth of the Islamic Institute over 27 years’ periodDiligent work in tutoring of scholars.Growth steady but fast growingAl-Baaqir, and grandson Al-Saadiq participate in the Discourses and DiscussionsAl the end, 160 Scholars graduate
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They teach and discuss
Tafseer, Hadith, Ah'kaam, and JurisprudenceHe wrote Al-Saheefa Al-SajjadiyahHe wrote Risalah al-Huquq (Personal Rights versus Personal Obligations in our life)
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The 3 Phases of IslamPHASE CARRIED OUT BY: TASKS CONSISTING
OF:
PHASE I
Muhammad (pbuh)
Emphasis was on teaching Islam in depth, especially to the Sahaaba (Companions), and making Islam available to the maximum number of people—yet, bearing in mind that it would take an average person a long time to assimilate Islam. Therefore, Muhammad (pbuh) did not fight the hypocrites.
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The 3 Phases of Islam
PHASE CARRIED OUT BY: TASKS CONSISTING OF:
PHASE II
Ali, Al-Hasan, and Al-Husain
They were the 3 who were to confront the negative forces caused by Islamicly weak persons which threatened to undermine Islam: Be it during Ali's Khilaafah, Al‑Hasan's acceptance of peaceful terms, or the events leading to the explosive but anticipated Karbala as led by Al‑Husain.
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The 3 Phases of IslamThe 3 Phases of IslamPHASE CARRIED OUT BY: TASKS CONSISTING OF:
PHASE III
Zainul
Abideen and the Imams after him.
Zainul Abideen took on his shoulders the heavy task of teaching the scholars once the confrontational phase was over. This culminated by establishing the Islamic Institute (Institute of Ahlul Bayt). The main source of information was the Corpus of Knowledge Imam Ali left. The Institute was to expand and flourish by later Imams.
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Corpus of Knowledge
Ali’s writings during:Abu Bakr,Omar, and
Uthman’s Khilaafah:
Corpus of Knowledge consists of the
following:
1. Quran in chorological order
2. Tafseer (Mus’haf Fatima)3. Hadith (Saheefa of Ali)4. Ah’kaam5. Al-Jafr
1. White Jafr: Prophets and early times
2. Red Jafr: Rules of war in Islam
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The Imamah.
Imamah is not subject to election or negotiation. It is a designation (a Directive) by the Almighty. An Imam is Ma'soom, meaning safeguarded by Allah from: – a) religious error, – b) sin, and – c) forgetfulness.
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To Keep Karbala in Mind I1. Imam Zainul Abideen urged the people to visit the site
of Karbala. Thus people confirmed their resolve in the Islamic principles Imam Al‑Husain stood for.
2. He encouraged Muslims to observe the anniversary of Karbala every year.
3. This led to Majlis every year done at the time in confidential manner, in private houses
4. He used to visit the burial area of Imam Al‑Husain every year.
5. He would visit Karbala un‑announced, often unnoticed.
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To Keep Karbala in Mind II
He recommended that in Sujood to touch a clean Turbah. This was recommended so that a person's highest part of Salat (Sujood) be associated with the principles Imam Al‑Husain gave his life for, meaning authentic Islam. He used a logo: May the Killer of Al‑Husain Ibn Ali be Debased and Defiled.The Logo became popular
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EmphasisImamah was frequently explained and emphasized, andIsmah (as attested by Ayah of Tat'heer) was often emphasized, (Surah 33 : Ayah 33) andThe unique and Center Role of Ahlul Bayt in Islam was often explained.Work to produce high quality scholars,1. who were to teach others about true Islam,2. thus spread the word about the motive and the principles
which Imam Al‑Husain had given his life for, and3. at the same time expose the offenses of Benu Umayya.
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The Institute graduatesmore than 160 scholars.
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At First EarlyStage
MiddleStage
LastStage
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Renowned StudentsAl‑Baaqir and his brother Zayd also participated in the discourses,Well known students were:– Hasan Al-Basri– Al-Thamali– Al-Zuhri– Ibn Tawoos, and – many other erudite scholars
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CharacterZainul Abideen was very forgiving and generous. During Ramadhan, he would record whatever misdemeanor his servants did, then let them acknowledge, then give them their freedom He used to buy as many slaves as he could afford, educate them then set them freeHe was revered in the community since he was the Imam of the Ummah
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CharacterZainul Abideen had empathy for the poor and needy He used to carry sacs of flour to distribute to the poorDuring Ramadhan he would cook one sheep each day for distribution to the fasting needyHe had a very melodic voice, people loved hearing him read the Quran Zainul Abideen never wore his clothes for more than one season, then gave them to the poorFinancially he helped numerous needy people
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Dear Lord, I implore Thy protection from: · Extremes in greed, · Being hasty in anger, · Being dominated by envy, · Lacking of patience, · Being with scarcity of contentment, · Being with depravity of morals, · Being beseeched by passion, · An indulgence of zeal, · The submitting to desires, and · Opposing what is right.....
Sample Du’aa:Sample Du’aa: Imploring protection from evil
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Munajaat:Munajaat: Tender PrayersTender PrayersMy Lord! Thy bounty which Thou hast begun‑‑complete it! Thy generosity which Thou hast given me‑‑strip it not away! Thy cover over me through Thy clemency‑‑tear it not away! My misdeeds which Thou hast come to know‑‑forgive them!My Lord! I seek intercession from Thee with Thee, and I seek sanctuary in Thee from Thee! I have come to Thee craving Thy beneficence, desiring Thy kindness, So act toward me with forgiveness and mercy of which Thou art worthy! Act not toward me with chastisement and vengeance of which I am worthy!By Thy mercy, O Most Merciful of the merciful!
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EPISTLE OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONSEPISTLE OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONSZainul Abideen delineated the basic rights, mostly from Zainul Abideen delineated the basic rights, mostly from
Shari'ahShari'ah
1. Allah's rights on man, covering a wide range of prerogatives.
2. Rights of body and soul,3. Rights of family members,4. Rights of those superior to the person or
dependant on him,5. Rights of neighbors and friends, not excluding the
non‑Muslims.
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EPISTLE OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS:EPISTLE OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS:Rights of the wife:
• It is the right of your wife that you should know that Allah has made her for you a repose and comfort, and a friend and shield [against sin].• And likewise, it is incumbent upon both of you to thank Allah for your spouse and to know that the spouse is a grace of Allah upon you. You are obliged · to respect her, · be kind to her, and · although your rights upon her are greater and her obedience to you final in all your likes and dislikes so long as it is not a sin• So, she has the right of love and fellowship, and an abode so that natural desires may be fulfilled, and in this it is a great duty.
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Zainul Abideen diesZainul Abideen dies at age of 57, reportedly poisoned.Had calloused skin at place of Sujood (forehead)Thick skin in his back due to carrying sacs of flour at night to distribute to the poor Became pale with curved back due to incessant prayersHad the roughest experience: be it in Karbala, political times, and other circumstancesHis load was enormously heavy and psychologically taxing
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Burial
Zainul Abideen was buried at the Baqii’He and others knew the ruling Benu Umayya would not allow the burial otherwiseWith time, a structure was built for people to perform visitation, pray, and read Du’aaThe structure was demolished by Rulers in 1925
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Picture of Al-Baqii 1925Al-Baqii after it was destroyed Al-Baqii before 1925
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For Details Go to:
Islamicbooks.info then choose:
Series of Islamic Books: Life of Ahlul Bayt Vol. II
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Be in Allah’s CareBe in Allah’s Care
Thank you and May God Bless you.Dr. A.S. Hashim