LIFELINES OF NATIONALECONOMYMADE BY :- DEVESH YADAVCLASS :- X - B

• Today , India is well linked with the rest of the world despite of its vast size , diversity and linguistic and socio-cultural plurality . Railways , airways waterways , newspapers radio television cinema and internet , etc . have been contributing to its socio economic progress in many ways . The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy . It has enriched our life and added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life .

Lifelines of national economy

• Transport:- Roadways, Railways, Pipelines, Waterways, Airways.

TRANSPORT

• Roadways India has one of the biggest road networks in the world aggregating to about 2.3 million km at present . The growing importance of roadways is because of : Low construction cost . It is economical . It provides door to door service . It is used as feeder to other mode of transport.

• In India roads are classified in the following six classes:• In India roads are classified in the following six classes

Golden quadrilateral super highways National highways State highways District roads Other roads Border roads

 

ROADWAYS

• Golden quadrilateral super highways:• Golden quadrilateral super highways It links Delhi ,      Kolkata , Chennai ,        Mumbai . The north –south and east-west corridor       are part of this project . Objective –to reduce time and 

distance b/w mega cities of India . Projects implemented by National Highway Authority of India( NHAI ) . 

• National highways :• National highways These links extreme parts of the country . 

These are laid by the central public works department . NH 1 is Sher–Shah Suri Marg b/w Delhi and Amritsar .

• State highways :• State highways These link the state capital with

different district headquarters These are maintained by public works department . District roads These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district. district.

• Other and Border roads:• Other and Border roads Rural roads : which link rural

areas and villages with towns , are classified under this categories Border roads : B order Roads Organisation of India undertakes construction and maintains roads in bordering areas of India.

• Railways It is the principal mode of transport in India . It binds the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture . Indian railway have a network of 7031 stations spread over a route length of 63221 km . Today , railway has become more important in our national economy than all other means taken together .

RAILWAYS

• Pipeline transportation system is a new arrival on the transportation map of India . These are used for transporting : Crude oil Petroleum products Natural gas

PIPELINES

• Waterways India is one of the seafaring countries. It is the cheapest means of transport. It is most suitable to carry heavy bulky materials. It is fuel efficient. It is most environments friendly. India has inland navigation of 14500 km in length out of these only 3700 km are navigable by mechanized

WATERWAYS

• Our national waterways are:: The ganga river b/w Allahabad and

Haldia (1620 km) –N.W. No.1 The Brahmaputra river b/w Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km ) –N.W.2 The west coast canal in Kerala –N.W.3

• Airways It is the fastest means of transport . It is the most comfortable. It is most prestigious . It covers difficult terrains . It is not within the reach of common man .

AIRWAYS

• Communication (from Latin " communis ", meaning to share ) is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior.

COMMUNICATON

• Mass communication:• Mass communication Mass communication is the academic study of how individuals and

entities relay information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time. It is usually understood to relate to newspaper and magazine publishing , radio, television and film, as these are used both for disseminating news and for advertising.

• International trade is the exchange of capital , goods , and services across international borders or territories . In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road , Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries.

INTERNATIONALTRADE

SUBMITTED TO:-Mr. NIRUPAM GUPTA