Post on 28-Jan-2016
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LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Sagar Malsane, Asst. Prof., NICMAR
INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONHigh rise is defined differently by different bodies
“A multi-story structure between 35-100 meters tall, or a building of unknown height from 12-39 floors is termed as high rise.
Building code of Hyderabad,India- A high-rise building is one with four floors or more, or one 15 meters or more in height.
The International Conference on Fire Safety – "any structure where the height can have a serious impact on evacuation“
Massachusetts, United States General Laws –A high-rise is being higher than 70 feet (21 m).
Demand for High Rise
Building Load Types
Load Types
Gravity Loads
Dead Loads
Live Loads Rain Load Snow
Load
Lateral Loads
Wind loads
Earthquake Load
Structural Loads
• Gravity loads– Dead loads– Live loads– Snow loads
• Lateral loads– Wind loads– Seismic loads
• Special load cases– Impact loads– Blast loads
CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION
Conventional construction utilizes structural members that depend on size for strength.
The greater the span for a structural member the larger it has to be to support a given load.
Light Weight CONSTRUCTION
Strength does not derive from size, is obtained from multiple members that are in compression and tension.
Light Weight CONSTRUCTION
Members/Materials used for high rise buildings • Foundation• Steel Structural System- steel• Shear wall system• Concrete - High alumina cement used for roofs &
floors. It contains bauxite instead of clay, cement, Portland cement of lime stone, silica.
• Glass – Structural glazing, Tempered glass.• Cladding material – Glass, • Plastic for pipes, conduits etc.• Partitions for dividing floor spaces
Foundation Types
• Raft foundation: one of the most common foundation. It is known for its load distributing capability. With the usage of this type of foundation the enormous load of the building gets distributed & helps the building stay upright and sturdy. Loads are transferred by raft into the ground.
• Pile foundation: used for high rise construction. Load of building is distributed to the ground with the help of piles. Transfer the loads into the ground with an Adequate factor of safety.
• Combined raft-pile: is the hybrid of 2 foundation. It Consists of both the pile and raft foundation. Useful in sandy soil that has low bearing capacity.
Steel structural systems
Shear wall system
• A type of rigid frame construction.• The shear wall is in steel or concrete to provide
greater lateral rigidity. • Horizontal and vertical loads - Wind &
earthquake loads. • Is composed of braced panels (or shear panels)
to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.
• For skyscrapers, as the size of the structure increases, so does the size of the supporting wall.
• Shear walls tend to be used only in conjunction with other support systems.
Vertical Panel Systems
Crane-lifted panel systems are commonly used on building sites to form vertical elements and usually consist of a steel frame with plywood, steel, plastic or composite material.
The systems are normally modular in nature, assembly times and labor costs are considerably lower than
Traditional formwork methods with far fewer components required.
They offer greater opportunities for reuse for different applications on site.
Panel systems are extremely flexible
PlasticsProperties of Plastics
Lightweight
Rustproof
Strong
Flexible
Waterproof
Non-conductor
Good Electrical
insulators
Good Thermal
insulators
Good resistance to
chemicals
Plastics - uses of plastics in construction
Electrical Conduits
Water Seals
Roofing Tiles
Decorative Skirting
Electrical Insulation
Flooring tiles/finishes
Water pipes
Drainage pipes
Glass partitions
Glass partition walls are constructed using glass sheets or hollow blocks.
Glass sheet partitions
Features Wooden frame work is used in which glass
sheets are fixed. Number of horizontal and vertical posts
spaced to divide the entire area into number of panels.
Glass sheets are kept in position in the panel either by using timber beadings or by putty.
Such partitions are light weight, vermin proof and sound proof.
Steel Partitions
Features Steel partition walls improve and create new spaces. They can be quick and easy to install and can create
spaces such as a home office/study, a utility room, a bathroom or a playroom.
Single skin steel partition Double skin steel partition
Single skin steel partition
A Full Steel B Steel / Glass Door
C Steel / Glass / Steel D Steel / Glass
E Steel / Mesh / Steel F Steel / Mesh
G Drop Down Hatch H Steel / Mesh Door
2440, 2745, 3050 & 3660 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800,900 & 1000
Panel heights c(mm)
Panel width (mm)
Double skin steel partition
2440, 2745, 3050 & 3660 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800,900 & 1000
Panel heights c(mm)
Panel width (mm)
A Full Steel B Steel / Glass Steel
C Steel / Glass D Steel Double Door
E Timber Door F Full Glazed with Blind
G Chair Rails Glazed H Fully Glazed
Double skin steel partition
2440, 2745, 3050 & 3660 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800,900 & 1000
Panel heights c(mm)
Panel width (mm)
A Full Steel B Steel / Glass Steel
C Steel / Glass D Steel Double Door
E Timber Door F Full Glazed with Blind
G Chair Rails Glazed H Fully Glazed