Extracted slides from a presentation at Seminar on Knowledge Organization,

School of Information and Library ScienceUniversity of North Carolina, 2010-03-29

Marcia ZengKent State University

KOS = knowledge organization systems{thesaurus, classification systems, taxonomies, subject heading lists, picklists, ontologies}

2

Illustration of triples

subjects predicates subjectsobjects

predicates objects

17

3

3

1

2

1 2

Background image borrowed from Andrea Kosavic: The Semantic Web, (some of) what you need to

know. OLA Superconference 2009.01.30. Compiled by mzeng 2009-03-06.

3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD

From Wikepedia to dbpedia, a linked data example

4http://dbpedia.org/page/Antoni_Gaudí

4. Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things

1. Use URIs as names for things

2. Use http URIs

3. When someone looks up a name, provide useful [RDF] information

1

2 3

5

[related subject categories, for further exploration]

[labels for this person]

See next

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Subject category as ‘resource’

Wikipedia’s classification

Has broader concepts

Concept’s label

Has narrower concept

Any of these resources will bring to other linked datahttp://dbpedia.org/page/

Category:Spanish_architects

Back to the triples:

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http://www.example.org/index.htmldc.language

en

http://www.example.org/index.htmlskos:subject Health care

(conceptID)

properties & values

Metadata

Schemas

Metadata

SchemasKOS KOS

Vocabularies supporting sharable data

1

1

2

2

3

3

…

bibo -- Bibilographic ontology cc -- Creative Commons ontology damltime -- Time Zone ontology doap -- Description of a Project ontology event -- Event ontology foaf -- Friend-of-a-Friend ontology frbr -- Functional Requirements for

Bibliographic Records geo -- Geo wgs84 ontology geonames -- GeoNames ontology mo -- Music Ontology opencyc -- OpenCyc knowledge base owl -- Web Ontology Language pim_contact -- PIM (personal information

management) Contacts ontology po -- Programmes Ontology (BBC) rss -- Really Simple Syndicate (1.0)

ontology sioc -- Socially Interlinked Online

Communities ontology sioc_types -- SIOC extension skos -- Simple Knowledge Organization

System umbel -- Upper Mapping and Binding

Exchange Layer ontology wordnet -- WordNet lexical ontology yandex_foaf – FOAF extension ontology

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Linked Data -- class diagram

http://umbel.org/lod_constellation.html

LCSH: http://id.loc.gov Dewey Decimal Classification:

http://dewey.info The New York Times Thesaurus:

http://data.nytimes.com/ Other LC vocabularies Many other thesauri

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human-readable

Has alternative labels

has broader concepts

has narrower concepts

has related concept

has similar conceptin another scheme

1has preferred

label

1

LCSH: http://id.loc.gov

1

2

has alternative labels

Has these broader

concepts

3

machine-processable

Has these narrower concepts

http://dewey.info/ human-readable

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1

has notation

has preferred label

has narrower concept/class

http://dewey.info/class/6/2009/03/about.de.rdf

http://dewey.info/class/6/2009/03/about.de.html

2

3

http://dewey.info/class/641/about

has caption

食品 & 饮料

食品 & 饮料

食品 & 饮料

ddc22 Class 641

ddc22 Class 641

641641has notation

-- [With Michael Panther, Dewey Decimal Classification, OCLC]

1. Extension of SKOS (papers and presentations at pre-ISKO2008 and DC2009)

2. Using OWL 2 to express complex classes and relationships (paper at ISKO 2010)

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Complex class expressions are Complex class expressions are needed forneeded for

synthesized classes synthesized classes

1. by adding numbers from other parts of the schedule, 2. by adding numbers from a table, or 3. by basing it on a pattern defined in another part of

the schedule.

Auxiliary tables

rules

combine

add

Subject schedule

A

Subject schedule

B1

2

2follow

3

To accommodate new subjects and reflect the nature of interdisciplinary, instructions are provided to the classifier to construct a number in practice:

Classification numbers may be built according to rules

Theoretically unlimited classes can be built Example from DDC:821.008 Collections of English poetry

is built with

82 (following the instruction at 820.1-828 Subdivisions of English literature)

plus 100 (following the instruction at T3B--1001-T3B--1009 Standard subdivisions; collections; history, description, critical appraisal)

plus 8 Collections of literary texts from the add table at T3B--1-T3B--8 Specific forms. 

821   English poetry  821.008   English poetry--collections  821.00803543   Love--poetry--English literature--collections, . . .  821.0080355   English poetry--social themes--collections, . . .  821.008036   English poetry--nature--collections, . . .  821.0080382   English poetry--religious themes--collections, . . .  821.009   English poetry--history and criticism  821.04   English poetry--lyric poetry, . . .  821.0708   Humorous poetry--English literature--collections, . . .  http://ddc.typepad.com/025431/ddc_tip_of_the_week/

Source: One Zero or Two? Dewey Blog. September 28, 2006

rules

Example from DDC 025.04 Information Storage and Retrieval Systems

Special types of concepts◦ Non-assignable concepts◦ Concepts in auxiliary tables

Index terms Class–topic relationships Internal structure of notes Alternative classification notations Orders/sequences of coordinate

classes

Class expressionBuilt classes

Classes to be built according to rules and instructions◦ Class : Class◦ Class + Auxiliary

Table ◦ Class + Added Table◦ Class + implied

example

Relationship expression

Typical Class-to-class ◦ SubClassOf◦ DisjointClasses◦ EquivelantClassesMore complicated◦ Class-to-class◦ Class-to-topic

Index terms ‘Class-here’ ‘Class-elsewhere’ ‘See’ reference …

Summers, E. and Guenther R. (2009). SKOS, id.loc.gov and the World of Linked Data. NKOS/CENDI Workshop 2009. http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/2009workshop/EdSummersRebeccaGuenther.pdf

Kobilarov, G. et al. (2009). Media Meets Semantic Web – How the BBC Uses DBpedia and Linked Data to Make Connections. L. Aroyo et al. (Eds.): ESWC 2009, LNCS 5554, pp. 723–737, 2009. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009. http://www.georgikobilarov.com/publications/2009/eswc2009-bbc-dbpedia.pdf

Linking Open Data on the Semantic Web. W3C. http://esw.w3.org/topic/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/CommonVocabularies

Panzer, M. and Zeng, M. (2009) Modeling Classification Systems in SKOS: Some Challenges and Best-Practice Recommendations. Proceedings of DC2009, Oct. 2009, Seoul, Korea http://dcpapers.dublincore.org/ojs/pubs/article/viewArticle/974

Zeng, M., Panzer, M. and Salaba, A. (2010). Expressing Classification Schemes with OWL 2 Web Ontology Language--Issues and Opportunities. Proceedings of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) 2010 Conference, Feb., 2010, Rome.