List and define the 5 themes of geography

Place- describe what makes a location different from another location; I have different kinds of features such as: water landforms, climate, soil, vegetation, airports, highways, buildings, bridges, and parks. Location - describe where something is found

Human Environment Interaction -describe how people impact our earth and environment and how people adapt to live in their surroundings

Region- Describes areas that have common features

Movement- describe how people and things are transported from one place to another

List the three different map

types

1.Physical maps

2. Political maps

3. Thematic maps

Which maps show the

natural features of the Earth?

Physical Map

Which maps can represent a variety of information including things like climate,

precipitation, vegetation, elevation, population, life

expectancy, etc?

Thematic Map

Which maps show how humans have impacted

the landscape? For example, city names,

roads, country borders, etc. are all part of

political maps

Political Map

Which part tells what the map is about? This is the first part of the map you should look

at.

Title

This tells the cardinal directions, which are

north, south, east, and west.

Compass Rose

This explains what the symbols on a map represent, such as

triangles representing trees.

Key or Legend

This part of the map is made parallels and

meridians

Grid

These lines run across the globe

horizontally

Latitude

These lines run up and down,

vertically on the globe

longitude

This line cuts the northern hemisphere

and southern hemisphere in half

equator

This line cuts the eastern and western hemisphere in half

Prime Meridian

What are the 8 key features of a civilization

1. Cities2. Central Governments

3. Complex Religion Stable 4. Food Supplies

5. Job Specialization6. Social Classes

7. Arts & Architecture8. Writing

Which key feature is described below:

Usually originated with priestsInitially used to create calendars and keep records of offerings to the gods

Government will use writing to keep track of public records – taxes, treaties, “official” documents

Writing

Which key feature is described below:

People were ranked in society based on the importance of their job

Priests and warriors were typically considered the most important

Social Classes

Which key feature is described below:

This was created in order to express beliefs and to honor important figures and deities

Most major construction were building for religious purposes – temples, tombs – to honor their gods

Arts & Architecture

Which key feature is described below:

A society needs to have enough of this so it can survive, plus some extra to trade.Trading this for goods leads to job specialization

Stable Food Supplies

Which key feature is described below:

When there is a surplus of food people no longer have to hunt and gather all day.

They started to focus on the task or craft they were best at

Artisans develop techniques and technologies to make their task easier and more efficient

Job Specialization

Which key feature is described below:

Gods controlled forces of Indus Valley Prayer Statuettes nature

Priests were needed to convey the will of the gods

It was everyone’s responsibility to make sure the gods were happy

Complex Religion

Which key feature is described below:Needed to oversee irrigation projects and other public works

Ensure steady supply of food

Create and uphold laws

Defend citizens

Collect taxes

Central Governments

Which key feature is described below:

Center of trade

Centers of cultural diffusion

Cities

Which continent was Mesopotamia located on?

Asia

Which continent is Egypt located on?

Africa

Which continent is India located on?

Asia

Which continent is Peru located on?

South America

Which continent is the United States located on?

North America

Which continent is China located on?

Asia

Which continent is England, France, and Germany located

on?

Europe

Name 3 comparisons of the Neolithic and Paleolithic Era’s

Both

• Both used stone tools as well as bones, sticks, shells, and other materials

• People in both periods had some form of religion.

• People included both meat and vegetables in their diet

• Used fire to cook and fire pottery

Name 3 contrasts of the Neolithic and Paleolithic Era’s

PaleolithicLasted from around 2 million to around 12,000 years ago.People were hunters and gathers; spent lives seeking food.Constant struggle for survival; lives were short.People lived mostly in caves found following migrating animals.Cave paintings/drawings believed to have been part of religious rituals about the hunt.Tombs with bones, food, tools, and weapons indicate belief in life after deathPeople lived in small groups, led by tribal elder or strongest hunter.Women were mainly gatherers and were knowledgeable about plants and herbsDeveloped many new skills including the use and making of fire. NeolithicLasted from about 10,000 until about 4,000 B.C.People farmed, settled in villages, and built permanent homes.No longer need to search for food, so people developed new job skills.Division of labor meant different people did different jobs that contributed to the needs of the community.System of weights and measurements established “payment” of goods and servicesStrong leaders gained power and made laws to protect peopleKings and gods were worshipped; temples were built for formal religious ceremoniesPeople worshiped many godsVillages grew into citiesCities traded goods with other cities

Why was Mesopotamia one of the earliest areas of settlement in world

history?

Because the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers was

fertile for farming

What current day country is Mesopotamia located

in?

IRAQ

What were 4 empires of Ancient Mesopotamia?

SumerianAkkadian

BabylonianAssyrian

Mesopotamia was located between which two

rivers?

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

How did the city-states of Mesopotamia use written

language in the organization of their

societies?

Writing allowed people to keep records of their transactions

People could send messages with couriers to far away lands without traveling

Writing allowed people to pass on their accumulated knowledge to future generations

How do the laws of Hammurabi compare

to our laws today?

Both Hammurabi's Code and our laws today prescribed specific

punishments for citizens who brake the law.

What are the major geographic features

of ancient Egypt?

Egypt boarders both the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea making it easy for

Trade.

There are desserts to the East and West, making it difficult for others to conquer

Egypt.

And the Niles river flows through Egypt, which creates a good environment for

farming.

What were the religious beliefs and

practices of the ancient Egyptians?

The Egyptians believed in many gods who controlled different things They built temples and shrines to honor their gods.

The Egyptians believed in an “afterlife.”

What was the Egyptian writing system called?

Egyptians developed a form of picture or symbol writing known as hieroglyphics.

Name four contributions of Ancient Egypt.

Language: Hieroglyphics

Architecture: Pyramids

Inventions: 365 day calendar, papyrus (paper), irrigation system, mathematics, medicine, weapons, chariots

Art: statues, paintings, jewelry

Name and describe the 4 types of government

Monarchy (rule of a king) Oligarchy (rule of the few)

Tyranny (rule by one who ruled without legal authority)

Democracy (rule of the people)

How did the geography of Greece

isolate developing city-states

Numerous MOUNTAIN RANGES, which crisscross the peninsula, made it hard for cities to communicate and led to the development of independent city-states.

Who was a citizen in Athens and what

were their rights and responsibilities?

Only adult males born in Athens were citizens. They were part of the assembly and had the responsibility to vote.

Where was the birth place of democracy?

Athens

What are 4 cultural achievements of Ancient Greece?

Greek Literature & DramaGreek ArchitectureGreek MathematicsGreek Philosophy

Greek Astronomy & GeographyGreek Engineering

Greek Art Greek SculptureGreek Medicine

Discuss two ways in which the Roman Empire adapted to its geography?

Rome adapted to it’s geography buy building Roads. The second

way is through the use of waterways buy building deep harbors and ships for trade.

Name three achievements of the Ancient Romans that have influenced

American culture today.

Latin LanguagesRoman Calendar

Roman LawRoman Architecture

Aqueducts, hot water systemsRoman Roads

Spread of Christianity

Explain the political, social, economic, and military factors that contributed to the fall of

Rome.

How did Confucianism and Daoism create order in ancient

China?

Confucius taught that society worked well when all people behaved well. Values such as respect for elders, proper behavior and

love of education became woven into Chinese culture.

Daoism taught that people gained happiness and peace by living in harmony with nature. This encouraged rulers to

govern less harshly

What were the main ideas of Confucianism?

What was the Silk Road and how did it affect

Chinese society and the world?

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4,000

miles across Asia’s deserts and mountain ranges, through the

Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea.

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands.

What were some of the accomplishments of

Ancient China?

PaperPrinting

The CompassGunpowder

KitesSilk Road

How did the geography of the Indian subcontinent

isolate India from the rest of the world?

India is largely separated from Asia by the Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Hindu Kush Mountains in the west.West of the Himalayas is a vast desert.

What are the main beliefs and practices of the Hindu

religion?

-Believe in many gods-Gains Moksha and become on

with everything in universe-Believe in existence of the Soul

-believed in rebirth/reincarnation

-looked to achieve enlightenment

What was the social structure set up by the

Caste system?

There were 4 social castes

Brahmins – Priests, Teachers, Judges; usually don’t own land therefore need other castes to work the

land and provide for themKshatriyas – Warriors and Rulers (landowners)Vaisyas – Skilled Traders, Merchants, Farmers

Sudras – Unskilled Workers—Laborers and Craft workers

Below these four castes are people who belong to no caste

Untouchables – Outcastes, Children of God

What are the main teachings of Buddhism?

-No belief in gods-Gains Nirvana by detaching from everything until nothing remains-Buddha is the founder-Does not believe in existence of the Soul-believed in rebirth/reincarnation -looked to achieve enlightenment

Compare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism.

Hinduism-Belief in gods-Gains Moksha and become on with everything in universe-No founder-Believe in existence of the Soul

Both-Started in India-believed in rebirth/reincarnation-looked to achieve enlightenment

Buddhism-No belief in gods-Gains Nirvana by detaching from everything until nothing remains-Buddha is the founder-Does not believe in existence of the Soul

What were the major achievements of the

Gupta Empire?

UniversitiesLiteraturePainting

SculptureMetalwork

Mathematics

Describe the difference between the government

of the Maya and the government of the Inca

The Maya were NOT AN EMPIRE and NOT UNITED politically…

Inca government was well organized and the Sapa Inca(Emperor) was the absolute ruler

Where were the Mayan’s, Aztec, and Inca located?

Aztecs were located in central Mexico, their capital is modern day Mexico city

Mayans were located in Yucatan Peninsula- Mexico and Guatemala

Inca were located in Peru in the Andes Mountain