Post on 14-Dec-2015
transcript
Local government system in Estonia: some basic characteristics
Veiko Sepp
Territoriality of local government
Estonia Denmark Finland Norway
Local government units
226 98 336 431
Regional local government units
5 19
Regional local government co-operation units
15 19
Regional state government units
15 ... 5 6 & 15 19
Territorial units in EstoniaLocal municipality units – linn (cities and towns) or vald (rural municipalities)Regional units – maakond (county) and regioon or piirkond (region)
Settlement units:
Linn – city (town)
Alev - borough
Alevik - borough
Küla - village
Imagined territorial units:
Kant and nulk - rural corner
Kihelkond - parish
Division of local government system
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
0 50 100 150 200 250
Population Local Budget (1000 euros) Local Budget per Inhabitant
Division of local government system
34
84
34
15 15
29
6 5 5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0…
99
9
10
00
…1
99
9
20
00
…2
99
9
30
00
…3
99
9
40
00
…4
99
9
50
00
…9
99
9
10
00
0…
14
99
9
15
00
0…
19
99
9
20
00
0…
Division of local government system
Tasks of local governmentsObligatory tasks Voluntary tasks
Social servicesYouth workHousing and communal economyWaste managementSpatial planningLocal transportLocal roads and streets
Schools and kindergartensCultural and sport institutionsHealth centres
Entreprenurial support, business development, workplaces
Tourism
Vocational schools
Workplaces per registred inhabitants (15...64)
Local government co-operationCounty unionsNational unions separately for rural and urban municipalities
Joint businesses, non-profit organisations and foundationsJoint officialsCo-operation/co-ordination contractsCommon projects
Local government incomes
personal income tax (PIT)47%
land tax4%other local taxes
2%Income from
economical activities and property
11%
Equalization fond6%
Block grant from State Budget
17%
Earmarked grants for current expenditures
from State Budget2%
Investment grants from State Budget
2%
Transfers from foundations and
NGO-s5%
Sale of property1%
Other revenues3%
Local government expenditure
Government10%
Utility management, transport
22%
Environment services3%
Social care10%
Education43%
Culture12%
Share of local government expenditures in government exp.
28%25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%M
alta
Kü
pro
s
Kre
eka
Lu
ksem
bu
rg
Po
rtu
gal
Bel
gia
Au
stri
a
Slo
vakk
ia
His
paa
nia
Sak
sam
aa
Iiri
maa
Bu
lgaa
ria
Slo
veen
ia
Pra
nts
usm
aa
Un
gar
i
Isla
nd
Sve
its
Eu
roo
pa
Lii
t (2
7 ri
iki)
Lee
du
Tseh
hi
Vab
arii
k
Ru
mee
nia
Ees
ti
Su
urb
rita
nn
ia
Lät
i
Itaa
lia
Po
ola
No
rra
Ho
llan
d
So
om
e
Ro
ots
i
Taan
i
Population trends in local government system
Reform initiativesState building in 1989-1991 – municipalities and counties as local governmentsOne-tier local government system since 1993
1997-2002 – Co-ordinated attempt(s) to reform local government territoriality in Estonia
Since 2003 – voluntary mergers with some financial support