Post on 13-Dec-2015
transcript
Local Practitioners and Climate Financing Initiatives Workshop,
30 – 31 October, 2012Bangkok, Thailand
Presenter: Syed Mujtaba HussainDeputy Secretary
Ministry of Climate ChangeGovernment of Pakistan
Sequence of presentation
• Climate Financing needs • Urgency for Action• Pakistan’s vulnerability to Climate Change• The price tag !• Devolution process and challenges of
implementation• Proposed institutional mechanism for climate
change in Pakistan
Climate Financing Needs
Estimated annual incremental climate costs required for 2°C trajectory
Actual Funds (2008-2012)
Adaptation Mitigation Total Needs0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
$9b
$120b
$220b
$340b
Billions
Urgency for action• Countries in Asia-Pacific region are consistently
impacted by extreme events• In case of Pakistan nine out of the 10 extreme
events in the last decade are climate impacted• Adaptation to CC is fundamental as it reduces
vulnerability and increases resilience to CC• Climate Resilient/Climate compatible
development is imperative• Mitigation at local level brings in co-benefits like
increased livelihoods, food and energy security, clean environment & capacity enhancement
Pakistan’s vulnerability to CC• Pakistan lies on a steep incline dropping
sharply from 8500 meters to sea level within almost 3000 Kms
• Recurring climate impacted disasters i.e. erratic monsoons, floods, droughts, cyclones, sea water intrusion, GLOF etc
• Such disasters have impacted our water, food and energy security
• 2010 floods and subsequently in 2011 have created 20 million and 9.72 million climate migrants respectively and economic losses of USD 9.6 billions
Global Climate Risk Index – 2010 (German Watch)
Rank Country CRI Score
Death Toll
Deaths per 100000
inhabitants
Absolute Losses
(M $ PPP)
Losses per unit GDP in %
HDI
1 Pakistan 3.5 1891 1.1 25316 5.42 145
2 Guatemala 6.33 229 1.59 1969 2.80 131
3 Colombia 8.0 320 0.70 7544 1.73 87
4 Russia 11.0 56165 39.3 5537 0.25 66
5 Honduras 14.67 139 1.73 220 0.65 121
6 Oman 17 24 0.81 1314 1.73 89
7 Poland 17.83 151 0.40 4745 0.66 39
8 Portugal 19.67 47 0.44 1749 0.71 41
9 China 23.50 2889 0.22 33395 0.33 101
10 Tajikistan 24.17 27 0.35 262 1.77 127
The Impacts and Threats
…….In a neighborhood of Unavoidable “vulnerability” with main issue being “WATER”...…both too much and
too little and at wrong place ..
Glacial Melting Zone
The price tag !Method Time period Cost of adaptation
per annum
Actual (2010) One year(2010)
9.7++
As a percentof GDP
2010-2050 10.71
Per CapitaBasis
2010-2050 7.12 to 14.0
DisasterModeling
(Floods only * 3)
2010-2050 6.09 to 11.3
• Adaptation to climate change is going to be a high value figure in the future
• (US$ 6-14 bn per year range)
• Cost of mitigation is US$ 7-18 bn per year
Financing Options – Unilateral fundingClimate Change National Budgetary Financing
2008-2009Total Number of
Projects78
Total Cost 11.84 Billion U$
Total Allocation in 2008-2009
0.86 Billion U$
Total Foreign Assistance
1.89 Billion U$
2007-2008Total Number of
Projects68
Total Cost 2.75 Billion U$
Total Allocation in 2008-2009
0.67 Billion U$
Total Foreign Assistance
1.12 Billion U$
• In 2007-2009 the country initiated climate related projects amounting to approx. U$ 14.5 billion – Allocating funds of U$ 1.5 billion
from its national budget matched by foreign assistance of U$ 3 billion towards these projects
• Significant budgetary finance towards climate change
• So far “Un-recognized” at the global level …..!!
Linkages between various funding options for CF
Local Funds for Climate Change
Private Sector Funds
International/Donor
Funds
Public Funds
Functions of the Federal Ministry of Climate Change in the aftermath of
devolution process• Formulation of National Policies, strategies,
plans, programs and projects relating to climate change, environmental protection, biodiversity, ecology, forestry, rangelands and desertification
• Strategic guidance in terms of development of provincial/sub-nations plans, programs and projects
• Coordination with the provinces for capacity enhancement and implementation of projects and programs
Challenges of implementation
• Lack of knowledge and understanding of the subject i.e. capacity issues
• Climate change overshadowed by challenges like militancy, terrorism and weak economy
• Lack of understanding on part of the legislators and decision makers regarding linkage of CC with national security
• Lack of clarity about international obligations under various environmental and climate change conventions
• Weak communication and coordination mechanism• Institutional mechanism for climate finance under
evolution at national and subnational levels
Opportunities• Delegation of authority/decentralization• Mainstreaming of climate change into
development • Participatory process for needs assessment• Benefits like water, energy and food security as
well as income generation at local level• Implementation at grass roots level• Decision making powers with respect to finance• Capacity enhancement• Institutional development
Institutional arrangements for CC in Pakistan
National CC Policy - MoCC
National Action Plan - MoCC
•National Climate Change Fund
Provincial Action Plan – Deptt. Of Env
•Provincial CC Fund
District Action Plan – District Impl. Committee
•District CC Fund
Village/Community Action Plan & Community CC Fund
managed by CBOs/LSOs
Example of a Local level financing initiative in Pakistan
• Under the GLOF project in Northern Pakistan, Disaster Risk Management Committees at Community level established in two project sites
• Endowment Fund created• The project has provided seed money of Rs. 1 million
each for adaptation interventions in each site• Community contributed 10% i.e. Rs.100 thousand for
each site • The fund is expected to reduce vulnerability and
adapt to climate change extreme events• This would lead to integration of local communities
in project activities, ownership and sustainability