Post on 03-May-2018
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DB2 Universal Database, the Robust Information Management Foundation
LOGO
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Why DB2 is a Better Database
� More Scalable Architecture� Take advantage of commodity platforms
� Modern Programming model
� Build-in automation for self management
� Lower cost
2
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 3
�
�
�� � �1,000
Servers
UnlimitedCPUs
DB2 Scalability: Any Way You Need
� Scale in multiple dimensions� Transactions, connections, users� Data volumes, data types� Query complexity, mixed workloads
� Optimize database operations� Parallelism, partitioning, replication
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 4
1 10 20 30 40 501
10
20
30
40
50
CPUs Installed
CPU
s of
Per
form
ance
DB2 Near Linear SMP Scale up
Linear
Best in class SMPs
Good SMPs
Wintel SMPs
DB2 SMP with partitions
3
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All measurements indicate tpmC and $/tpmCSource: http://www.tpc.org
429,899371,044
175,366 156,105 139,154
$5.26$4.53 $4.31
$5.07$4.99
0
300,000
600,000
900,000
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
x445SQL Server
Avail. date: 09/30/04 09/30/04 06/30/04 08/31/04 12/31/03Result date: 08/31/04 07/12/04 06/30/04 03/01/04 06/30/03
p5-570Oracle
p5-570DB2
x445SQL Server
BullNovaScaleSQL Server
809,144
309,036 301,225 291,413237,869
$4.49 $4.56 $4.98 $5.08$4.95
0
300,000
600,000
900,000
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
Avail. date: 09/30/04 01/30/04 04/14/04 10/25/04 06/14/04Result date: 07/12/04 01/20/04 12/18/03 05/11/04 06/14/04
1,025,486
768,839 763,898683,575 680,613
$8.55 $8.25$5.99
$11.13
$5.43
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
Avail. date: 08/16/04 02/29/04 11/08/03 10/05/04 11/08/03Result date: 02/17/04 09/12/03 06/30/03 06/28/04 05/09/03
3,210,540
1,008,144786,646 707,102
595,702$8.33$6.49 $7.16
$12.43
$5.19
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
Avail. date: 05/14/05 04/14/04 10/23/03 10/23/03 04/30/04Result date: 11/18/04 11/04/03 08/27/03 05/20/03 10/31/03
16-way
32-way64-way
UnisysES7000Oracle
UnisysES7000
SQL Server
UnisysES7000
SQL Server
HPrx8620
SQL Server
p5-570DB2
NECExpressOracle
p690DB2
p690Oracle
p690DB2
p690DB2
FujitsuP’PowerOracle
p5-595DB2
HPSuperdome
Oracle
HPSuperdomeSQL Server
HPSuperdomeSQL Server
8-way
All results are as of 11/18/04.
DB2
DB2
DB2
DB2
Oracle
OracleOracle
Oracle
Microsoft
MicrosoftMicrosoft
TPC-C V5 Benchmark Performance Comparisons (Non-Clustered)
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 6
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
Separate Servers, Shared Disks
Disk Controllers
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
Shared NothingServer Clusters
Interconnect
Shared Everything SMP Servers
CPU CPU CPU CPU
Memory
System Bus
Different Architectures to Scale Up
Goal is to cluster computersto achieve higher performance
4
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Hardware Coupling Facility(dedicated processors and memory)
Group BufferpoolsCentralized Lock Mechanism
Catalog Sharing
Hardware Coupling Facility(dedicated processors and memory)
Group BufferpoolsCentralized Lock Mechanism
Catalog Sharing � Hardware Coupling Facility exploitation for the entire environment
� Workload Management� DB2, CICS, MQ, …
� Hardware assisted locking� True shared caching
� DB2 for z/OS delivers a truly scalable shared disk architecture
� DB2 for z/OS delivers better availability
DB2 for z/OS Uses Shared Disk Architecture with Specialized Hardware
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
Disk Controllers
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 8
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
CPU
Mem
Shared NothingInterconnect
� Exploits commodity hardware� Uni’s, large SMPs, blades, clusters of small/large SMPs
� Low cost connectivity among the nodes� High speed switch or gigabit ethernet router
� No bottlenecks for I/O and bufferpool size at each partition� Does not grow as the partition grows
DB2 UDB Uses “Shared Nothing” For Commodity Servers
Access requests are assigned to relevant CPU’s
Database is partitioned into separate disks
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Scalability Enhancements Extend to Linux�Asynchronous, DIRECT, & Vectored I/O
�Large pages for enhanced memory usage
�Processor affinity for increased scalability and parallelism
� Integrated high-availability and failover (HADR and TSA)
�Linux kernel 2.6 parallelism & clustering exploitation
�Complete 64 bit DB2 Linux support
�Unlimited scalability with DPF
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Separate Servers- Each running an Oracle
instance
Fiber Channel Switch- For concurrent
access to shared storage
Single storage with single copy of the database
Emulates coupling facility in software
No shared cache■ Caches in each server
must be synchronized
Oracle RAC Shared Disk Architecture
Performance bottlenecks limit scale up� Buffer pools in each server grow with
disk size� I/O requirement grow with partition� Cache and locking synchronization create
delay
6
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Oracle RAC Demonstrates Poor Scaling
Oracle (64way) vs Oracle RAC (2x64w ay)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1x64w ay no RAC 2x64w ays w / RAC
Qph
H
For a 2 node RAC Cluster■ You get only 76% scalability■ But you pay 136% more
April 2005March 2004Availability
136% moreMuch more than linear
$13,915,826$5,800,675Total Cost
76% moreLess than linear
86,282 QphH
49,104 QphH
Performance
Percent DifferenceOracle on 2 64ways
with RAC
Oracle on 1 64way
Results as of 11/15/2004For further information see http://www.tpc.org/
Pay 136%
more to get 76% scaling
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Oracle RAC Limits Scalability
� The more nodes you have, the more serious the bottleneck constraints are� Most Oracle customers are running just 2 nodes with RAC for High
Availability (HA)� Beyond 4 nodes is VERY uncommon� In a 4 node cluster, cache synchronization consumes 12% of each
server
� In order to get support you must run a “certified”configuration
� For applications to perform in RAC, they need to be designed and partitioned to reduce inter-node communication
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No application partitioning
resulted in 30% performance
drop
Oracle RAC: “run any packaged or custom application unchanged”- http://www.oracle.com/database/rac_home.html
From Oracle’s own technical document:
Redesign Applications to Scale Up in Oracle RAC
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 14
1 16
1000
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Maximum Number of Nodes Certifiedfor a Database Cluster
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Oracle 9iR2 IBM DB2 V8.1
DB2 is Unmatched in Scale Out Clustering
� Oracle RAC current certified configurations:� Dell hardware 8 nodes, HP hardware 8 nodes, IBM hardware 12 nodes
� IBM DB2 certified to 1000 nodesSource: IBM DB2 Competitive Research
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User scalability (Siebel 7) � 30,000 concurrent users� All end user response times < 0.25 secs.
Connection scalability (J.D. Edwards)� 40,000+ DB2 connections
16,800
8,900
4,537
Use
rs
DB2 Oracle SQL Server
DB2 Data scalability� Many 10TB+ production customers� The first to deliver a 10TB TPC-H
benchmark result
DB2 is Unmatched for Data, Connection, and User Scalability
Over 40,000 DB2 connections
Source: IBM DB2 Competitive Research
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DB2 Scalability in Production
� Large Insurance Company� Two systems
− 128 4way pSeries servers with 76TB of storage− 130 4way pSeries servers with 36TB of storage
� Large Telco� 68 8way pSeries servers (528 processors)� Supporting 250 million Call Detail Records loaded per day� 4.5 Billion transactions per day
� Large Retail� 2 32way p690 servers with 6TB of initial data
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DB2 High Availability Disaster Recovery (HADR)
� Failover to standby Database server� Failover is 100% of
pre-failure performance
� Continue operating� Fast failover� Automatic client reroute
� Easy to set up
Client
Primary DatabaseServer
Standby DatabaseServer
Application Server
SystemFailover
automaticreroute
HADR
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DEMO: DB2 HADR Simple & Easy Takeover
� One click or a single command failover� Simple takeover: switches the roles primary/standby� Takeover by force: switches the roles without coordinating
− New primary places logs in memory, performs undo (no I/O needed)− SAP Test: 600 simultaneous users to a standby server in 11 seconds
PrimaryAnd
Standby
SpecifyAnd
Configure
SaveAnd
Review
� Wizard driven HADR setup
Select andInitialize
Copy / restoreTCP/IP
Client reroutingSynchronization
Activate nowOr later
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Logs
Log writer
HADR
Primary
Logs
HADR
Log writer
Standby
� DB2 HADR solutions� Onsite standby� Offsite disaster recovery
TCP/IP
receive()send()
� Mode (against transaction loss)
Implement DB2 HADR to Meet Your Needs
Failover is 100% of pre-failure performance
Update
Asynchronous Mode
� Asynchronous− Commit occurs on “send()”
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 20
Logs
Log writer
HADR
Primary
Logs
HADR
Log writer
Standby
� DB2 HADR solutions� Onsite standby� Offsite disaster recovery
TCP/IP
receive()send()
� Mode (against transaction loss)� Asynchronous
− Commit occurs on “send()”� Near-Synchronous
− Commit occurs on “receive()”
Implement DB2 HADR to Meet Your Needs
Failover is 100% of pre-failure performance
Update
Near-Synchronous Mode
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Logs
Log writer
HADR
Primary
Logs
HADR
Log writer
Standby
� DB2 HADR solutions� Onsite standby� Offsite disaster recovery
TCP/IP
receive()send()
� Mode (against transaction loss)� Asynchronous
− Commit occurs on “send()”� Near-Synchronous
− Commit occurs on “receive()”� Synchronous
− Commit occurs on transaction complete
Implement DB2 HADR to Meet Your Needs
Failover is 100% of pre-failure performance
Update
Synchronous Mode
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 22
< 60 secTotal failover time20 secRecover Database
n/aRestart Databasen/aFailover disk volumes
5 secReconfigure distributed locks15 secReconfigure group membership
Oracle RACFailover operation
< 30 sec20 sec
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
DB2 HADR
Presentation given by Marshall Presser Principal Technologist Oracle Corporation to the Beowolf users group 11 May, 2004
DB2 HADR Advantages Over Oracle RAC� No requirement for concurrent access storage, no disk takeover time
� Bufferpool primed on Standby with recent updates� Reduces restart recovery time on standby
� 100% performance after primary failure
� Fast failover in real world usage� An SAP workload, failed over 600 SAP users in 11 seconds� A Telco 3.5 KTXs (80/20 read/write)/min workload, failover in 9 seconds
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DB2 Provides Better Availability
The Solitaire Report Covers 600+ Production Systems
Source: Solitaire Interglobal; Whitepaper: DB2 Performance on IBM eServer pSeries and xSerieshttp://www-306.ibm.com/software/data/highlights/availability.html
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� Auto RUNSTATS� Improves data access� Automated Learning Optimizer
� Fast data access� Optimizer for query rewrite and advanced SQL capabilities� Materialized Query Tables (MQT): optimized data caching� Multidimensional Clustering (MDC): optimized data storage
� Workload management� Throttle utility, Query Governor, and Query Patroller
� Build on top of DB2 leading database technologies� Starburst (exhaustive) Optimizer� DB2 (kernel) extenders and multiple index types� Materialized Query Tables and parallelism
DB2 Advanced Technologies for Performance
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Plan Execution
Optimizer
Best Plan
Statistics
Estimated Cardinaliti
es
EstimatedCardinalities
ActualCardinalities
Statistical Profile
Auto.RUNSTATS
Column Group (Correlation) Stats.
OptimizerFeedback
Warehouse
Background Process
Online, Throttled, and non-contentious
Profiling Sampling
DB2 Automated Learning OptimizerAutomated RUNSTATS: fast data access via optimized plans
� Leading detection and optimization technology with self-learning
� Profile for self-learning� Sample stats for efficiency
� Determines statistics needed and column groups
� Reactive and preemptive� Transparent and silent
execution
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 26
Multidimensional Clustering (MDC)� Organize Databased on dimensions
� Queries skip portions of table that don’t qualify� Data automatically clustered (no REORG) in DB2
Point1D Range
2D RangeCell
ANDingORing
MultiJoin0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70MDC nonMDC
“The new multidimensional data clustering capability has improved performance of our most complex queries by up to 30 times while removing the need for additional reorganization.” --Ken Ross, Senior Vice President and CTO, Thomson West
Materialized Query Tables (MQT) � Caches results for faster access� DB2 automatically
� Cache data from other sources � Reroute queries to MQTs� Maintain MQTs if base data change
DB2 Server
OracleServer
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 OracleTable 1
MQT_1 MQT2
DB2 Fast Data Access with MQT and MDC
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�Advanced Optimizer for complex queries� Cost model, statistics and optimizer (from IBM R&D)� Optimizes the entire query
− No reliance on user hints (as others do)− Considers constraints, triggers, and RI in building access plan− Remove joins, push down group by, etc
� Advanced SQL capabilities
�Advanced technologies for OLTP performance� Eliminate I/O bottleneck by reducing logging amount� Leverage large memory with multiple buffer pools� Large number of users support
− Low memory footprint per user− Connection concentrator
DB2 Ad-hoc Query and OLAP Performance
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 28
Source: SAP, Siebel, Baan published application benchmark results as of December 15, 2004
3-tier
2-tier
PSPP @ 30k
3-tier SD
#1
2-tier SD
64way 2-tier SD
16way 2-tier SD
8way 2-tier SD
4way 2-tier SD
DB2 has Performance Leadership in e-business Application Benchmarks
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D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 29
Why DB2 is a Better Database
� More Scalable Architecture� Take advantages of commodity platforms
� Modern Programming model
� Build-in automation for self management
� Lower cost
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 30
“Presentation”Design, flow,and layout
“Business”Process and
Application logic
“Data”Data mgmt and Legacy systems
Fundamentals Do Not Change Often� Industrial revolution
� Division of labor− Divide and conquer: for overall productivity
� Specialization− Do what you do best: for individual productivity
� Modern server side programming model� Multi-layered programming model� Middleware and container services� Decoupling of interdependency, enabling Service Oriented
Architecture (SOA)
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Database
Web Container
JSP Page Servlet Enterprise JavaBean
RMI- IIOP EJB Container
J2SE J2SE
JTA
JMS
JAA
S
JavaMail
JAF
Connectors
JAX
P
JDB
C
JavaMail
JAF
JTA
JMS
JAA
S
Connectors
JAX
P
JDB
C
WebSphere supports
J2EE
Oracle supports
J2EE
J2EE with Container ServicesMakes Server-Side Programming Easier
� Containers provide runtime services to application components� EJB container facilitates business logic� Data layer provides data to the business logic� Database administration is separated from business logic/presentation
layout issues
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 32
WindowsWindows
WebSphere Application
Server
LinuxLinux
WebSphere Application
Server
UNIXUNIX(AIX, HP(AIX, HP--UX, Solaris)UX, Solaris)
WebSphere Application
Server
OS/400OS/400
WebSphere Application
Server
zOSzOS
WebSphere Application
Server
J2EE Application
RationalApplicationDeveloperWehSphere/J2EE
makes it a reality, today!
J2EE Promise Application Platform Portability
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Oracle Supports J2EE But Continues to Encourage PL/SQL
� PL/SQL is a proprietary database manipulation language� It only executes inside the Oracle Database server� It is old, pre-Java era (1980s)� It’s augmented with general programming constructs
� Published expert advice to Oracle customers:“any and all business logic is ideal to put in plsql”
---AskTom.oracle.com, "Business Logic - PL/SQL Vs Java - Reg", September 2004
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 34
Oracle Supports J2EE But Continues to Encourage PL/SQL
� What if I use PL/SQL for my business application?� Business application and data management logics inter-locked� Business application cannot utilize container services
− Program your own services in your applications� Business application portability limited to Oracle database
Your business applications are locked inwith an old Oracle only technology!
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Why DB2 is a Better Database
� More scalable architecture� Take advantages of commodity platforms
� Modern programming model
� Build-in automation for self management
� Lower cost
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 36
� Control, Health, Replication, Task Centers
� Configuration, Design, and other Advisors
� Event Analyzer, Memory Visualizer
� Configuration Assistant
� Create database, table space, table using wizards
� Load and restore data with wizards
� More . . .
� Wizards and Tools� Over 65 of them
� Automated expert advice� Advisors
� “Built-in” automation� Optimization, parallelism, …
DB2 V8.2 has 200+ enhancements
Lower skills / resources requiredBetter system utilization
DB2 Autonomic Management
“We would have needed three times that many DBAs, at least, to run Oracle”
-CIO, GetRelevant, BusinessWeek Online ( Nov, 01)
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D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 37
1. User description of basic operational questions
2. Automatic hardware characteristic detection
� System Information: # of disks, RAM, CPU information, O/S features)
� Database information (size, number of tables, number of indexes, number of table spaces
� Bufferpool information (name, size, numbers, etc.)
3. Combine configuration parameters with mathematical model and expert heuristics
The Configuration Advisor –2 Second Tuning
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 38
Selects a database design for the best workload response time
Design Advisor recommendation summary� 20 new indexes� 6 new MDC dimensions� 4 new partitioning keys� 2 new MQTs
Performance improvement
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Baseline New des ign
Rel
ativ
e W
orkl
oad
exec
utio
n tim
e
84.54% time reduction
6.46x faster
� Design based on�A given SQL workload�Auto detected database and
system characteristics
� Capabilities� Index selection�Materialized Query Tables
selection (MQT Advisor)�Multidimensional Clustering
selection (MDC Advisor)�Partitioning selection
(Partitioning Advisor)
� Simple and ease to use Server: AIX 5.2, DB2 V8.2 32-bit, 8 CPUs with 4 MLNs
The Design Advisor
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� Health Center� Health Monitor
− High Availability (Fault) Monitor� Automatic problem identification
and recommendations� User choice of actions and
automatic execution
DEMO: DB2 UDB Health Center
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 40
DB2 Autonomic Maintenance� Problem Determination
� Integrated Log and Trace Analyzer Tools− Integrates all logs within a business solution (e.g. Portal, Application Server,
Database, Systems Management)− Single point of control within a multi-component solution − Correlate information from components within a solution
� Tools & APIs for message logging and simplified trace− APIs produce easy to understand diagnostic messages − To troubleshoot and monitor− To search, filter and format DB2 message logs
� Automated backup, reorg, and runstats� Alert or perform them automatically
� Thin runtime client� ~12 megabytes� Easy to embed in tools, applications� Rapid enterprise deployment
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DB2 8.1 vs Oracle 10g Query Response Time
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Oracle Min Oracle Max DB2 Min DB2 Max
� Before a query starts (Query Patroller)� Stop long running queries
− E.g. scheduled for later execution� Excess workload queued to prevent
system overload� Restricts workload to enable mixed
workloads
� After a query starts (Throttle Utilities, Query Governor)
� Changes the query priority or kills it− Based on predefined resource
consumption− E.g. CPU used, locks held, time
executed, etc
� Monitor the system (Query Patroller)
DB2 Proactive Workload Management
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 42
� Common Criteria EAL4+� National Information
Assurance Partnership
“Security is the other monster under the bed (reliability is the other), and Microsoft hasn’t slain it yet” --Charlie Gary
According to Litchfield, there are 34 flaws in Oracle's [10g] database product, among them remote, unauthenticated overflows that can be used to gain control of the system. August 3, 2004 – SiliconValley.com
� DB2 V8.2 is certified� Oracle 10g is not� Micorsoft SQL Server 2000 is not
� Data Encryption on the “Wire”
� DB2 Security Exit � Use of kerberos, OS or other
authentication mechanisms
� Security costs (e.g. $4334/patch)� Patch identification / testing $3250� Patch deployment $1084
Is Your DBMS as Secure as It is Claimed?
22
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Why DB2 is a Better Database
� More Scalable Architecture� Take advantages of commodity platforms
� Modern Programming model
� Build-in automation for self management
� Lower cost
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 44
� All DB2 Servers Support HADR
� Must use SQL Server Enterprise Edition if you want HA clusters
� DB2 Express 64-bit versions now available
DB2 Express List Price is Lower Than Microsoft’s Discounted Business One Pricing
23
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IBM High Availability is Less Expensive and Provides Better Performance
P570 4way p5 570 = $50k4 cpu DB2 ESE = $106k
Total Price = $156k
P570
DB2 on 4way p5 570DB2 on 4way p5 570Add in a passive Standby
2x4way p5 570 = $100k5 cpu DB2 ESE = $132k
Total Price = $232k
Oracle RAC on 2 4way AMDServers running Linux
2x4way AMD = $56k8 cpu Oracle/RAC = $480k
Total Price = $536k
P570 P570DB2 on 8way p5 570Add in a passive Standby
2x8way p5 570 = $200k9 cpu DB2 ESE = $238k
Total Price = $438k
Oracle RAC on 4 4way AMDServers running Linux
4x4way AMD = $112k16 cpu Oracle/RAC = $960kTotal Price = $1,072k
Oracle mustgive 66% discount to equal DB2 “List Price”
DB2 100% performance after failure
Oracle RAC 75% performance after failure
Source: IBM DB2 Competitive Research
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 46
� There are a multitude of studies available that compare the total cost of ownership of DB2
� DB2 leads beyond just licensing costs
Analysts Find DB2 Provides Better Value
24
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 47
*Analysis by Market Magic Ltd., January, 2003
Off-the-shelf Application Custom Web Application Business Intelligence
Better than:Oracle by 49 - 70%Microsoft by 7% - 36%
5-Year Cost of Ownership* Across Applications
IBM Oracle Microsoft
DB2 is TCO Leader Across Applications
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 48
DB2 v.8.2.2 is Optimized for SAPImproved ROI, Performance, and Lower TCO
� Ease deployment and ongoing maintenance� Silent DB2 install as part of SAP installation� A SAP parameter to auto-configure SAP environments� Automatic on demand storage adjustment� Access DBA functions through SQL
� Ensure high performance and availability� New TPC-C benchmark� SAP BW performance gains� Extend support for 64-bit
� Enriched diagnostics for troubleshooting� Reduce troubleshooting with rich diagnostics� Ensure consistent access paths regardless of workload or
DB2 version
25
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Why DB2 is a Better Database
Leader in cost performance�
Lower cost
Autonomic and optimized�
Built-in automation for self management
.NET proprietary
PL/SQLJ2EE open standards�
Modern Programming model
Small scale SMPBottlenecksPerformance
and scale�More Scalable Architecture
MicrosoftOracleDB2
D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 50
Cut Your Costs