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transcript
Ergonomics & Accessibility: WCAG 1.0 checkpoints illustrated by Bastien-
Scapin's ergonomics criterias
Loic Nunez & Denis BoudreauJune, 2008 – UPA Conference
Summary
Introduction Use cases 1 & 2 Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias An extending approach to website auditing Questions & Answers
Introduction
Denis BOUDREAU
General director, AccessibilitéWeb Accessibility and web standards expert ISO user interface committee member SGQRI-008 co-writer (Quebec Gov. accessibility standard)
Loic NUNEZ
Director, user experience group, TechSolCom Usability & Accessibility expert Member of AccessibilitéWeb Msc. in cognitive ergonomics & Msc. in psychology
Summary
Introduction Use cases 1 & 2 Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias An extending approach to website auditing Questions & Answers
Use case 1: An Accessible web page, but not for all...
A product page, viewed normally (1024x768) and viewed with a strong zooming adjustment (x5 with Zoomtext)
Where is the price?
Use case 2: Top 200 accessible websites of 2007 in Quebec
Summary Methodology Checklists Findings
Online Study
Summary
Introduction Use cases 1 & 2 Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias An extending approach to website auditing Questions & Answers
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Guidance User Guidance refers to the means available to advise, orient, inform, instruct, and guide the users throughout their interactions with a computer.
The Guidance criterion is subdivided into four criterias: - Prompting,- Grouping/Distinction of Items, - Immediate Feedback, - Legibility.
Guidance
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Workload The Workload criterion concerns all interface elements that play a role in the reduction of the users’ perceptual or cognitive load, and in the increase of the dialogue efficiency.
This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Brevity - Information Density.
Guidance
Workload
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Explicit Control The criterion Explicit Control concerns both the system processing of explicit user actions, and the control users have on the processing of their actions by the system.
This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Explicit User Action - User Control.
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Adaptability The adaptability of a system refers to its capacity
to behave contextually and according to the users’ needs and preferences.
The criterion Adaptability is subdivided into two
criteria: - Flexibility - User Experience.
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Error Management The Error Management criterion refers to the
means available to prevent or reduce errors and to recover from them when they occur. Errors are defined in this context as invalid data entry, invalid format for data entry, incorrect command syntax, etc.
This criterion is subdivided into three criteria: - Error Protection - Quality of Error Messages - Error Correction.
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Consistency The Consistency criterion refers to the way
interface design choices (codes, naming, formats, procedures, etc.) are maintained in similar contexts, and are different when applied to different contexts.
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
Consistency
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Significance of codes The Significance of Codes criterion qualifies the
relationship between a term and/or a sign and its reference. Codes and names are significant to the users when there is a strong semantic relationship between such codes and the items or actions they refer to.
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
Consistency
Significance of codes
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Compatibility The Compatibility criterion refers to the match
between users’ characteristics (memory, perceptions, customs, skills, age, expectations, etc.) and task characteristics on the one hand, and the organisation of the output, input, and dialogue for a given application, on the other hand. This criterion also concerns the coherence between environments and between applications.
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
Consistency
Significance of codes
Compatibility
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Accessibility directives & how they relate to usability principles
WCAG 1.0 rules and checkpoints reorganized WCAG 1.0 checkpoints classified by themes
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°1 : Structure
- Such as: Semantic information to pages and sites (title tag), header elements to convey document structure (h1 to h6), etc.
- Relates to: Guidance & Consistency
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°2 : Textual Equivalent
- Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like images, imagemaps, animations, etc. (in the form of alt, title or longdesc attributes), etc.
- Relates to: Consistency
Textual Equivalents
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°3 : Multimedia Content
- Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like animations, video, audio, applets, downloadable documents, etc. (with appropriate means), etc.
- Relates to: Consistency
Multimedia Content
Textual equivalents
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°4 : Forms
- Such as: Creating explicit associations between labels and form controls, dividing large blocks of information into more manageable groups, etc.
- Relates to: Guidance, Explicit Control, Error Management, Significance of codes
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°5 : Tables
- Such as: Identifying row and column headers for data tables, associating data cells and header cells with proper markup, not using tables for layout unless the table makes sense when linearized, etc.
- Relates to: Guidance, Workload, Adaptability, Significance of codes
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°6 : Page Layout
- Such as: Using CSS to control layout and presentation, organizing documents so they may be read without CSS, ensuring that all information conveyed with color is also available without color, etc.
- Relates to: Adaptability
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°7 : Validation
- Such as: Creating documents that validate to published formal grammars, avoiding deprecated features of W3C technologies, etc.
- Relates to: N ̸� ̸A
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°8 : Interactivity
- Such as: Ensuring that pages are usable when scripts, applets, or other programmatic objects are turned off or not supported, ensuring that equivalents for dynamic content are updated when the dynamic content changes, etc.
- Relates to: Guidance, Consistency, Compatibility
Interactivity
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°9 : Navigation
- Such as: Using navigation mechanisms in a consistent manner, not using markup to redirect pages automatically, not creating periodically auto-refreshing pages, etc.
- Relates to: Guidance, Workload, Consistency
Navigation
Interactivity
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°10 : Comprehension
- Such as: Using the clearest and simplest language appropriate for a site's content, clearly identifying changes in the natural language of a document's text and any text equivalents, etc.
- Relates to: Workload, Significance of codes
Comprehension
Navigation
Interactivity
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias
Theme N°11 : Frames
- Such as: Titling each frame to facilitate frame identification and navigation, describing the purpose of frames and how frames relate to each other if it is not obvious by frame titles alone, etc.
- Relates to: Explicit Control
Frames
Comprehension
Navigation
Interactivity
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure
Merging Summary of criterias & themes relationship (overview)
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
Consistency
Significance of codes
Compatibility
Structure – Forms –Tables – Links – Colors – Interactivity - Navigation
Forms – Tables – Multimedia content – Navigation - Comprehension
Interactivity – Multimedia content – Forms - Frames
Tables – Page Layout –Multimedia content
Forms – User controls
Structure – Text equivalent – Interactivity – Navigation - Colors
Forms – Tables - Comprehension
Multimedia content – Interactivity
Summary
Introduction Use cases 1 & 2 Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias An extending approach to Website auditing Questions & Answers
An extanding approach to Website auditing
Conduct an ergonomics audit based on Scapin-Bastien's criterias
Conduct an accessibility audit based on the WCAG 1.0 checkpoints
Integrate the results of both analysis in one referential document
Make recommendations on the ergonomics quality of a website, including technical qualities related to accessibility checkpoints that are not related to ergonomics (CSS validation, alts attributes, etc.)
Plan user testing with specific participants: disabilities, senior, young and all relevant target audiences
Compile expert analysis and user testing results in order to propose realistic, applicable improvement solutions that answer to the users‘ needs and meet their capabilities in regards to the application or website.
Summary
Introduction Use cases 1 & 2 Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias An extending approach to Website auditing Questions & Answers