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LTE Overview
Hussein Mounib
December 09
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009
Agenda
1. Why LTE
2. LTE requirement & characteristics
3. LTE Architecture
3.1.1 eNode-B
3.1.2 RRH
3.2 ePC
4. Conclusion
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Why LTE?
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LTE
LTE: Long Term Evolution
Also known as:
E-UTRAN (Evolved UTRAN)
Super 3G (Japan)
Evolution of WCDMA/HSPA
3GPP Release 8
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UMTS Evolutions
3GPP R5 HSDPA
•Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL)Based on AMC (QPSK & 16QAM), MAC-hs,
H-ARQ
3GPP R5 3GPP R5 HSDPAHSDPA
•Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL)Based on AMC (QPSK & 16QAM), MAC-hs,
H-ARQ
3GPP R6 HSDPA/HSUPA
•Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL)•Up to 5.76 Mbps (DL)
HSUPA aka E-DCH
3GPP R6 3GPP R6 HSDPA/HSUPAHSDPA/HSUPA
•Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL)•Up to 5.76 Mbps (DL)
HSUPA aka E-DCH
3GPP R8LTE
(Long Term Evolution)
•Up to 173 Mbps (DL)•Up to 86 Mbps (UL)
in 20MHzBased on OFDM and
MIMO
3GPP R83GPP R8LTELTE
(Long Term (Long Term Evolution)Evolution)
•Up to 173 Mbps (DL)•Up to 86 Mbps (UL)
in 20MHzBased on OFDM and
MIMO3GPP R5
3GPP R6
3GPP R73GPP R8
3GPP R7HSPA +
•Up to 43 Mbps (DL)•Up to 11.5 Mbps (UL)
3GPP R73GPP R7HSPA +HSPA +
•Up to 43 Mbps (DL)•Up to 11.5 Mbps (UL)
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Why LTE? Increase of Data Traffic
A major expansion in traffic volumes over cellular networks will take place as:
The use of mobile Web expands,
Data prices decline,
Usability improves.
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Why LTE? Services Evolution
Needs for higher throughputs & lower latency to
enhance legacy services performances,
offer high definition video & high resolution multimedia services,
offer fast multi-user interactive gaming
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Why LTE?Enhance performances of 3G HSPA services
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)
Enables multiple users to receive data over the same radio resource
Efficient approach to deliver content such as Mobile TV
Higher capacity in LTE
VoIP
Better capacity expected with LTE
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Why LTE?Reduce cost per subscriber
Reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
TCO = CAPEX(Capital expenditure) + OPEX (Operating expense)
Reduce cost per byte
By factor 6 compared to HSPA
Due to network simplification, flat IP architecture and enhanced capacity/spectrum efficiency
NB: The CAPEX and OPEX breakdown varies a great deal depending on Network / country, accounting rules (depreciation)
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LTE requirement & characteristics
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Requirements for E-UTRAN
Scalable bandwidth :
1.4/1.6, 3/3.2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz
Targeted Peak Throughputs
DL (1TX) : 100Mbps for 20MHz spectrum allocation
UL (1TX) : 50Mbps for 20MHz spectrum allocation
Scaling linearly with the spectrum allocation
Targeted increased of spectrum efficiency vs HSPA
DL : 3-4 times R6 HSDPA for LTE MIMO (2,2)
UL : 2-3 times R6 E-DCH (HSUPA) for LTE (1 Tx,2 Rx)
Ultra low latency
<10ms for round trip delay from UE to server
Reduced call set-up time – Transition time (Idle -> Active) < 100 msec– Transition time (Dormant -> Active) < 50 msec
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Requirements for E-UTRAN
High capacity per cell
200 users per cell for 5MHz,
400 users in larger spectrum allocations
Mobility
LTE is optimized for low speeds 0-15km/h, high performance for speeds up to 120km/h, and mobility maintained for speeds up to 350km/h
Efficient support of the various types of services
Co-existence and Inter-working with 3GPP RAT
Handover between 3G & LTE:– Real-Time services < 300ms– Non- Real Time services < 500ms
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E-UTRAN Air Interface characteristics
Multiple Access Schemes:
Downlink: OFDMA
Uplink: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) with up to 4 antennas per station
High Order Modulations:
Downlink: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Uplink: QPSK, 16QAM
Turbo coding
H-ARQ
Scalable bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20MHz in FDD mode
FDD an TDD modes
Based on OFDMA + MIMOas other next generation mobile
networks (WiMAX, UMB)
Based on OFDMA + MIMOas other next generation mobile
networks (WiMAX, UMB)
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LTE + SAE
System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
Enhanced Packet System (EPS)
Network simplification
3 functional entities : – eNode B, – Serving and PDN Gateways (can be
combined into a single physical entity)
IP-based network
Pure packet system
No support for legacy CS voice/data
VoIP
eNode B
LTE S/P GW
IP transportbackbone
Multi-standard User Database
Service IP backbone
MDS
S1
X2
eNode BMME
Applicationservers
Call Server
GGSN
SGSN
RNC
NodeB
C-plane U-plane
eNode B
Network Simplification
C-plane U-plane
S-GWP-GW
MME
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LTE vs UMTS/HSPA
QPSK/16QAM/64QAMQPSK/16QAM/64QAMQPSK/16QAMQPSKDL Modulation
PS OnlyPS but Compatible to CSCircuit & Packet
Swiched
Circuit & Packet
SwichedServices
All IPPossibly All IPATM/ Mixed ATM & IPATM/ Mixed ATM & IPTransport
Scalable from 1.4 MHz
to20MHz5MHz5MHz5MHzBandwidth
QPSK/16QAM QPSK/16QAMQPSKBPSKUL Modulation
2x2 - 4X4 MIMO2x2 MIMORx DiversityRx DiversityAntenna Systems
eNode B to ePCNode B + RNC
Or eHSPA Node B
Node B + RNCNode B + RNCNetwork Structure
OFDMA DL
SC-FDMA ULW-CDMAW-CDMAW-CDMARadio Access
LTEHSPA+ (3.75G)HSPA (3.75G)UMTS
(R.99)(3G)
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LTE vs UMTS/HSPA
HSPA+
For 20MHz bandwidth
UMTS
DL Peak ThroughputsDL Peak Throughputs
LTE
120ms120ms
30ms30ms
HSPA 60ms60ms 14.4 Mbps14.4 Mbps
384 kbps384 kbps
<10ms<10ms
UL Peak ThroughputsUL Peak Throughputs LatencyLatency
11.5 Mbps11.5 Mbps
5.7 Mbps5.7 Mbps
384 kbps384 kbps
326.4 Mbps (MIMO 4x4)326.4 Mbps (MIMO 4x4)172.8 Mbps (MIMO 2x2)172.8 Mbps (MIMO 2x2)
100 Mbps (no MIMO)100 Mbps (no MIMO)
28.8 Mbps (16QAM+ MIMO 2x2)28.8 Mbps (16QAM+ MIMO 2x2)43 Mbps (64 QAM+ MIMO 2x2)43 Mbps (64 QAM+ MIMO 2x2)
21.6 Mbps (no MIMO)21.6 Mbps (no MIMO)
Only achievable in good radio conditions
86.4 Mbps (64QAM)86.4 Mbps (64QAM) 57.6 Mbps (16QAM)57.6 Mbps (16QAM)
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LTE Spectrum Vision
LTE FDD deployable in any of the “3GPP” bands (and more)
2500-2690 MHz (IMT 2000) Worldwide
Likely the only band with 20 MHz of spectrum available for
LTE
Likely to be popular for worldwide roaming / device
availability
900 MHz (GSM)- Europe
Operators are looking to migrate GSM 900MHz to LTE for rural scenarios (coupled
with 2.6 GHz for urban)
2100 MHz (UMTS) - Asia
Initially for Japan, Korea, and maybe Europe
1700/2100 MHz (AWS) Americas
much interest in this band (1700 also for Japan)
470-854 MHz (Digital Dividend) - Mainly Europe
In competition with TV broadcasters and other
technologies, due to larger cell sizes and better in-
building coverage.
2100MHz – Japan/EU1700/2100 – NAR
700MHz – NAR
2500–2690 MHz World900MHz – Europe
1800MHz– Europe & APAC
1900MHz – NAR850MHz – NAR
470-854MHz – Europe(Digital Dividend)450 MHz - Europe
1800 MHz (GSM)- Europe & Asia Pacific
Band not widely used, may see some re-farming, as for
900 MHz
Trials (07-08)2100 MHz
AWS
2009 2009 - 2010 2011 2012
700 MHz Americas
Digital Dividend already decided
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2010TODAY
UMTS 2100 MHz GSM
900 MHz
UMTS 2100 MHz
Smooth LTE introduction in existing band, pre-empting a
narrow BW in GSM, 5 MHz carrier in UMTS
GSM 900 MHz
UMTS 2100 MHz
LTE 2600 MHz
Capacity drivenNew spectrum
application, Hot spots , 20MHz possible
GSM 900 MHz
UMTS 2100 MHz
GSM 1800 MHz
1800 MHz900MHz
UMTSGSMLTE
2100 MHz
Free 900 MHz needs for 1800 MHz contiguous coverage, but will provide favorable range
Free 1800 MHz more adapted to hot spots capacity driven
scenario
GSM 900 MHz
GSM 900 MHz
UMTS 2100 MHz
LTE Spectrum – Reuse spectrum or new spectrum deployment
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LTE Architecture
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SGWSGWeNBeNB
MMEMME
PGWPGW
PCRFPCRF
S11
S1-U S5/S8
Gx
SGi
HSS HSS
Rx
S1-MME
S6a
ApplicationApplicationFunctionFunction
UTRAN
NBNBNB RNCRNCRNCSGSNRel 8SGSNSGSNRelRel 88
S3
Iu-ps
S10
R8 Interfaces
GERAN
BTSBTSBTS BSCBSCBSCGbAbis
Iub
Gr or S6d
S4S12
Control plane
User plane
Anchor of the IP session
Anchor for 3GPP mobility
LTE E2E Architecture OverviewGeneric - interworking interface
E-UTRAN
e-PCUu
Uu••Data ServicesData Services
(e.g., VPN, FTP)(e.g., VPN, FTP)
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EnodeB9326 d2U-V2
3.1
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EUTRAN Network Architecture
LTE-Uu
LTE-Uu
X2CX2U
X2CX2U
X2CX2U
S1-MME
S1-MMES1-MME
S1U
S1U
S1U
UE
UE
eNB
eNBeNB
MME
ServingSAEGateway
IP Transport Network (IP Cloud)
X2C - X2 Cplane S1U - S1 UplaneX2U - X2 Uplane S1-MME - S1 CplaneAP - Access Point (for IP cloud)
eUTRAN EPC
APAP
AP APAP
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EnodeB portfolio
• The Alcatel-Lucent EnodeB is 3GPP-compliant.
• The Alcatel-Lucent EnodeB portfolio includes:
digital base stations
remote radio heads (RRH) or radio modules (TRDU)
base station routers
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EnodeB main functions
The EnodeB supports the following main functions:
• Radio Access Network (RAN ) management
• Network interface management including signaling between LTE Core Network components and the EnodeB
• EnodeB radio resources management
• Call processing
• Configuration and supervision
• Synchronization
• Performance monitoring
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9326 d2U-V2 hardware components
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9326 d2U-V2 functional architecture
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Extended Core Controller Module-U (xCCM-U)
Main functions:The xCCM-U aggregates the following functions:• Core Controller (CCM) function:
–part of call processing–data switching and routing–OAM management–EnodeB frequency and timing reference
• Global Positioning System and Alarm (GPSAM) function:–external/internal alarm connectivity–external synchronization reference interface
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Extended Channel Element Module-U (xCEM-U)
Main functions:The xCEM-U performs digital signal processing for both the Tx and Rx paths.
The xCEM-U processes all types of LTE physical channel in both the uplink and downlink directions. Processing differs according to the type of physical channels. High-rate data channels require much more processing power than low-rate speech channels.
The architecture of the xCEM-U is well adapted to LTE physical channel diversity.
The xCEM-U hardware supports one frequency and one cell in LA1.1 (extended in
Further releases).
The xCEM-U performs part of call processing.
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Rack User Commissioning (RUC) module
Main functions:The RUC module (front and back) provides the following functions:• power filtering• current limitation• commissioning non volatile memories• inventory• fan alarms, control and power supply• -48 VDC connectivityThe back RUC is designed to allow the power supply of the following modules:• up to three xCEM-U(s) (through the RBP)• one xCCM-U (through the RBP)• two fans• one RBP
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RRH/TRDU3.1.2
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Cabinet front-view
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Top view of the RRH
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Product capabilities
The product capabilities in this release are:
• Outdoor, -48VDC
• Transmit Power 2Tx at 40W each
• 1 or 2 sector
• Daisy chaining of up to three RRHs.
• Supports up to six user alarms for each RRH
• Support at least 2 LTE carriers at 20 MHz bandwidth
• RRH Mounting:
–pole
–wall
–floor stand
• Front access installation and service
• Bottom I/O panel access
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ePC Evolved Packet Core3.2
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SGWSGWeNBeNB
MMEMME
PGWPGW
PCRFPCRF
S11
S1-U S5/S8
Gx
SGi
HSS HSS
Rx
S1-MME
S6a
ApplicationApplicationFunctionFunction
UTRAN
NBNBNB RNCRNCRNCSGSNRel 8SGSNSGSNRelRel 88
S3
Iu-ps
S10
R8 Interfaces
GERAN
BTSBTSBTS BSCBSCBSCGbAbis
Iub
Gr or S6d
S4S12
Control plane
User plane
Anchor of the IP session
Anchor for 3GPP mobility
LTE E2E Architecture OverviewGeneric - interworking interface
E-UTRAN
e-PCUu
Uu••Data ServicesData Services
(e.g., VPN, FTP)(e.g., VPN, FTP)
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ePC Wiring
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ePC organic architecture
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LTE Main equipment role
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Conclusion
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LTE
LTE is defined in 3GPP Release 8
LTE is based on OFDM, MIMO, IP
LTE relies on a simplified architecture network
LTE can be deployed in any 3G bands, with scalable bandwidth
WCDMA/HSPA operators as well as some CDMA operators will evolve to LTE
First commercial deployments in 2010
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