1.Major developments took place in science and engineering

2. Artists, architects, and writers borrowed ideas from the Greeks

Roman Culture

The Romans admired and studiedGreek art, architecture, and ideas.

Romans placed Greek-style statues in their homes and Greek-style

porches and columns in buildings.

The Romans copied the Greeks in many ways but changed what they borrowed to suit their own needs

and solve everyday problems.

Romans addedarches and domes

in buildings toprovide support

Rows of arches buildone against one another form a

vault.

Roman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts

Roman concrete was a

mixture of volcanic

ash, lime, and water and was

very strong

Romans were the first

people to invent and use concrete.

Many Roman

concrete buildings,

such as the Colosseum

and the Pantheon , still exists

today.

The Collosseum is a huge arena that seated

60,000 people.

The Pantheon is a domed temple built

to honor Roman gods. It’s domed roof was the

largest or it’s time.

The Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumThe Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseum

http://www.italyguides.it/us/roma/colosseum.htm

http://www.history.com/videos/coliseum-deconstructed

Roman Roads: Roman Roads: The The Appian WayAppian WayRoman Roads: Roman Roads:

The The Appian WayAppian Wayhttp://www.history.com/videos/where-did-it-come-from-ancient-rome---mobile-society

Roman Art

Roman artists admired Greek sculptures which were made to look

perfect or idealistic.

Roman statues were more realistic however, and included wrinkles, warts,

and other less attractive features.

Roman authors based much of their writings on Greek works

Roman writer, Virgildrew some of his

ideas from Homer’sOdyssey when he

wrote his epic poemthe Aenied.

Roman writer,Ovid, wrote worksbased on Greek

myths.

The Aenied describesthe adventures of the Trojan prince, Aeneas,and portrays him as

the ideal Roman,brave, self-controlled,

and loyal to the gods.

Horace wrote satires that poked fun at

human weaknesses andodes that expressed

strong emotions about life.

Catullus, wrote shortpoems about love,sadness and envy.Roman

Poets

Livy wrote his Historyof Rome to describe Rome’s rise to power

and to celebrate Rome’sgreatness.

Tacitus wrote about the dark side of Romanhistory believing thatRome’s emperors had

taken people’s freedomsand were corrupt.

RomanHistorian

s

Roman Playwright, Senecawrote tragedies.

Roman Playwrights, Plautus and Terence,

wrote comediesRomanPlaywrig

hts

The language of the Romans, Latin, becameEurope’s language for

government, trade, andlearning.

Latin became the basis of many modern

languages such as,Italian, French, and

Spanish.

Many English wordscome from Latin.

The Romans learned from Greek science and engineering.

Greek doctor, Galen,emphasized the importance of

anatomy, the studyof body structure.He cut open dead

animals andrecorded his

findings

Astronomer, Ptolemy,studied the sky andmapped over 1.000different stars. He

studied the motion ofplanets and created

rules explainingtheir movements.

Roman engineers builtroads and bridges toconnect the empire and aqueducts to

bring water into the cities for fountains,bathhouses, and sewer systems to

remove waste.

The City of Rome

Rome was one of the largest cities in the

ancient world with over 1 million people.

It was laid out in a squarewith an open space,

called the Forum, at it’scenter and temples and

public buildings around it.

The city of Rome was crowded, noisy, and dirty.

People tossed garbage intothe street and thieves

prowled the streets.

Fire was a constant dangerbecause people used

torches and lamps for light and cooked with oil.

The rich and poor had verydifferent lives in the Roman

Empire.

The wealthy lived in large, comfortable houses with fine furniture

and beautiful gardens witha center courtyard calledan atrium. On countryestates they built villas.

Most people were poor and lived in one room apartments

made of stone and woodthat were up to 6

stories high.

To keep poor people from rioting, the Roman

government provided“bread and circuses” or free grain

and shows.

Roman sporting events took place in the Colosseum,amphitheatres, and the Circus Maximus

Romans of every classflocked to

the Chariot races and gladiator

contests

Wild beast fights,battles between

ships, and gladiator contests attracted Roman

spectators by thethousands

Most gladiators wereenslaved people,

criminals,or poor people, but

were admired as heroes.

Chariot racing washeld in the Circus

Maximus and the driverswore team colors ofred, white, green,

and blue

Gladiators foughtanimals and each

other.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWCwnkdPPCc

Roman families were large and included

parents, children, married children and

their families, other relatives, and enslaved servants.

Roman families were

called paterfamilias andthe father was the headof the household withcomplete control over

family members.

Paterfamilias punished disobedient children, arranged marriages, and made sure children

were educated.

Educationfor RomanChildren

Wealthy Romans hiredtutors to teach

their young children athome. Older boys went

to school.

Girls studied reading, writing, and household

duties at home.

Boys learned reading,writing, and rhetoric, or

public speaking.

Poor Romans could not afford to send their

children to school orhire tutors.

Between ages 14 and 16, Roman boys celebratedbecoming a man and

began wearing a toga. Heburned his toys and offeredthem to the gods. He could

then enter the family business, become a soldier,

or work in government.

Girls did not becomeadults until theymarried. Womenusually wore a

long robe and cloakcalled a palla.

For most slaves, life was miserable. Slaves often rebelled.

Slavery was part of Roman life from early times and grew as the Romans added more territory.

Prisoners were brought to Italy and by 100 B.C., 40 percent of the people in

Italy were enslaved.

Enslaved people did many different jobs. They worked in homes, fields, mines, workshops and built roads, bridges, and aqueducts.

Enslaved Greeks were well

educated and served asteachers, doctors,

and artisans.

Who wasSpartacus?

The revolt was crushedand Spartacus was

crucified with 6,000 of his

followers.

In 73 B.C., a gladiator named Spartacus led a slave revolt with a force

of 70,000enslaved people who

defeated several Roman armies.

The ancient Romans worshiped many gods and goddessesand believed that spirits lived in natural things such as trees

and rivers.Greek gods and goddesses were given Roman names.

Romans honored their gods and goddesses

by praying and offeringfood.

Roman homes had alters

for these rituals.

Government officialsmade offerings

in temples.

As the empire grew,Romans came into contact

with other religions. this wasallowed as long as they did

not threaten the government.Those religions who did were

punished. Christianitywas one.

What architectural details do you see in your community?

RomanPoets and

Historians

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