The respiratory system

Major structures

•Nose -------- nas/o

•Sinuses ------ sinus/o

•Epiglottis ------ epiglott/o

•Pharynx -------- pharyng/o

•Larynx --------- blaring /o

•Trachea ------- trache/o

•Brocnchi ------- bronch/o, bronchi/o

•Alveoli -------- alveoli/o

•Lungs ------ pneum/o

Functions of the respiratory system:

•Bring oxygen rich air into the body for delivery to the blood cell.

•Expel waste products (carbon dioxide and water).

•Produce the air flow through the larynx that makes speech possible.

Structure of the respiratory system

It is consist of

A. The upper respiratory tract consist of

1)Nose which contain

•nasal cavity

•nasal septum

•Mucous membrane (mucus, cilia, olfactory receptors).

2- Mouth which contain

•Tooth

•Tongue

•Gum

3-Pharynx which contain

•Nasopharynx

•Oropharynx

•laryngopharynx

4- epiglottis which contain

•orophaynx and laryngopharynx

•Epiglottis

5-larynx which contain

•voice box

•Larynex

•glottis

6- trachea which contain

•windpipe or airway

•mucous membrane lining with cilia

•smooth muscle with c-shaped cartilage rings

•divided into tow branches

•no gaseous exchange

B. The lower respiratory tract consist of

•bronchial tree

•lungs

Medical specialties related to the respiratory system

A pulmonologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosis and treating disease.

A respiratory therapist (RT) provides treatment of breathing problems.

term MeaningAsthma Chronic allergic disorder characterized

by breathing difficulty coughing and wheezing

bronchiectasis Chronic enlargement of bronchiEpistaxis Bleeding from nosepertussis Whooping coughsinusitis Inflammation of sinuses

pharyngitis Inflammation of pharynxLaryngitis Inflammation of larynxbronchitis Inflammation of bronchial wall

Pleural effusion Abnormal escape of fluid into the pleural cavity

hemothorax Accumulation of blood in the plural cavity

hemoptisis Spitting of bloodPulmonary edema Accumulation of fluid in lung tissue

tuberculosis Infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis attached to

lung

The common terms related to respiratory system

pneumonia Inflammation of lungs the air sacs fill with pus and

other liquidTachypnea Rapid rate of respiration

more than 20 breath per minute

bradypnea low rate of respiration less than 10 breath per minute

Apnea Absence of respirationdyspnea Difficult of breathingcyanosis Bluish discoloration of skin

caused by lack of oxygenbronchscopy Visual examination of the

bronchi