Male Reproductive System. Function The male reproductive system functions to produce sperm and...

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Male Reproductive System

FunctionThe male reproductive system functions to produce sperm and transfer the sperm into the female reproductive organs for fertilization

TermsTestosterone- (-one=hormone): male hormone produced by

the testes which causes the testes to begin producing sperm. It is an androgen. (andr/o=male); responsible for facial hair/deep voiceTestosteron is produced by the interstitial cells of testes

Testes- (test/o, orchi/o, orch/o, orchid/o=testes); testicles, male sex glands; two small glands that produce testosterone and sperm; contains the seminiferous tubules (parenchymal tissue) that manufacture spermOrchitis- inflammation of testesBi-lateral Orchiectomy- male castrationAnorchism- congenital absence of a testicle Testicular torsion- twisting of the spermatic cord Varicocele- enlarged, dilated veins near testicle Varicocelectomy- removal of swollen twisted veins near

the testes

Male reproductive system (sagital view).

Fig. 9-1.

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TermsScrotum- sac outside the male body

that contains testes and protects the testes by keeping them a constant temperature

Hydrocele- sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

Cryptorchism (crypt/o=hidden); undescended testicle

Orchiplexy- fixing an undescended testicle(s)

Sperm-(sperm/o, spermat/o=sperm) reproductive cell of the male; tadpole shaped; the head contains the nucleus and tail provides movement; 300 million released during 1 ejaculation; produced in the seminiferous tubules

Spermalytic= substance that destroys sperm

TermsEpididymis- (epididym/o) coiled tub in the testes

where sperm is stored and matured; Carries sperm from the testes to vas deferns Epididymitis

Vas Deferens- (vas/o= vessel or duct); tube that connects epididymis to urethra; it is about 18” long Vasectomy- vas deferens are cut and cauterized

for sterilization Vasovasostomy- reversal of sterilization

Seminal Vesicle- secrete a fluid that mixes with sperm to produce nourishment and makes them more mobile; secretion rich in fructose, vitamin c, prostaglandins and other substances; 60% fluid volume of semen

Fig. 9-1.

Terms Prostate Gland- (prostat/o); donut shaped gland that the urethra

passes through; secretions are mixed with sperm and aids in activating the sperm

BPH- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia- overgrowth of the glandular tissue

Cowper’s Glands- small glands that secrete fluid to mix with sperm Bulbourethral Glands- tiny, pea-sized glands that secretes clear

mucus that drains into penis prior to ejaculation to cleanse the urethra

Semen- seminal fluid; mixture of sperm and other fluids from the prostate, seminal vesicles and cowper’s glands; PH 7.2-7.6 and helps neutralize the acid environment of the vagina Passage way for semen:

Epididymis Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicles Prostate (urethra) Cowper’s glands (Penis)

TermsUrethra- extends through the penis out of the

bodyPenis- external reproductive organ; increased

blood flow causes and erectionForeskin- prepuceGlans Penis- (balan/o) covered by foreskin

Balantitis

-Circumcision- removal of foreskin from glans penis

-Hypospadias- congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis

-Phimosis- (phim/o=muzzle); Narrowing of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

Ejaculation- semen leaves the body

Fig. 9-1.

Internal structure of a testis and the epididymis.

Fig. 9-2.

The passage of sperm.

Fig. 9-3.

ProblemsSterility- unable to reproduce; problems with

sperm can be caused by temperature changes, smoking, illness, medications and complications from STD’s

Enlarged Prostate- usually happens after the age of 50; compresses the urethra causing problems with urination

Cancer of the Prostate- #1 cancer in males; early detection is important; regular physical exams, blood tests (PSA- prostate specific antigen)

Testicular Carcinoma- “seminoma”Hydrocele- sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

TermsPSABPHTURPDRESTD (venereal disease)

Chlamydial infection- bacteria invade the urethra and reproductive tract of men and women

Gonorrhea- inflammation of genital tract mucous membranes caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria)

Herpes genitalis- infection of the skin and mucous of the genitals, caused by the herpes virus (HSV type 2) and marked by blisters

Syphillis- chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacteria); chancre sores appear on the external genitalia a few weeks after the infection

The prostate gland with carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) caused by overgrowth of tisue.

Fig. 9-7.

Male Reproductive System. Function The male reproductive system functions to produce sperm and...

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