Man and nanotechnology

transcript

affiliation (2007)

Integrated Optical Micro Systems (IOMS)

man_and_nanotech.ppt slide 1 date: 22 June 2007

man and micro-

nanotechnology

affiliation (2007)

Alfred Driessen MESA+ Institute, Integrated Optical Micro Systems (IOMS)

University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

http://ioms.ewi.utwente.nl

e-mail (2011): Driessen.Alfred@gmail.com

Relation between man and micro-

nano-technology

European Meeting of University Professors

WORKSHOP C2: Centrality of Human Being in the Universe

A new Humanism for Europe: the role of Universities

Rome, 21-24 June 2007

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1. Introduction

2. Examples of micro/nanotechnology

3. An optimistic view on the role of technology

4. The need of ethical considerations

5. Conclusions

Content

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Back to the sixties:

6 transistor radio

price: 2 hours of workman

6 transistor radio (~1965)

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today: 1,000,000,000 transistors in a single PC

price: 20 hours of workman

Moore's law

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The fabrication of an electronic chip

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The fabrication of an electronic chip

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With regards to technology: yes, we can!

time schedule for implementation

year x: discovery of scientific phenomenon

year x+10: demonstration of application in laboratory

year x+20: start of commercial production

year x+30: impact on society visible

year x+??: ethical and juridical aspects studied & solved

Let's look for micro/nanotechnology now!

Can we look into future?

Xenon atoms on nickel (Don Eigler, IBM)

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“As soon as I mention this, people tell me… about electric motors that are the size of a finger nail, and that there is a device on the market which can write the Lord’s prayer on the head of a pin. “But that’s nothing; that’s most primitive” I want to discuss the staggeringly small world below.”

Richard P. Feynman (1960)

“What I want to talk about is the problem of manipulating and controlling things on a small scale.”

“There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom”

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“There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom”

close-up of a

human hair

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transistors

1 Å 1 μm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 10 μm

transistors

130 nm

Smallest

lithography nanotube

atom DNA

protein

What is NANO?

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H. Rohrer G. Binnig

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

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56 iron atoms on cupper

‘Quantum coral’

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Reading of nano-structures

Multiple probes

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Writing with molecules

Nano-pattern writing by transport of molecules by water meniscus

Mirkin group Northwestern University

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Lab on a Chip

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Micro tweezers

Nano-sieve

Fluidics channels

Lab on a Chip

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CO2 CO2 H+ P

Advantages

• No reference electrode

• Small thus integratable

in a catheter

• Easily accepted in the

medical field

Example: CO2 sensor

BIOS, UTwente

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Dimensions 2.9x0.9x0.7 mm3

PCB stick

Pressure sensor

Porous cover

Gas permeable membrane

BIOS, UTwente

Example: CO2 sensor

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Clinical trials -> constructing prototype catheter in cooperation with a company and Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST)

Diameter: 2 mm

BIOS, UTwente

CO2 sensor, future developments

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Nanomechano-optical interaction

• Raster scanning the probe

over the sample

• Record the transmission at

each probe position

W.C.L. Hopman, et al., Opt. Express 14, 8745-8752 (2006)

Transmission Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (T-SNOM)

Exploit the tip-induced disturbance for field mapping

Device (SEM image)

input output

T-SNOM setup

W.C.L. Hopman et al., JLT (accepted 2007)

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The exact location of

the resonator “hot spots”

can be found by combining

both AFM (height) and

optical data

possible applications:

nanosensor

nano-optical switch

W. C. L. Hopman et al., “Nano-mechanical tuning and imaging of a

photonic crystal micro-cavity resonance,” Optics Express 14, 8745-8752 (2006).

Nanomechano-optical interaction

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Optical communication: wavelength router

1x1 cm2 area of mask picture of processed device

(lithography done in cooperation with ASML) 1.4 x 1.6 mm2

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Pigtailed and packaged device

Klein et al. 2006

with thanks to ASML

and BSIK, Broadband Access

Optical communication: wavelength router

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Ronald Dekker, MESA+

Optical switch based on ring resonators

<1 ps switching time, > 200 Gbit/s data-rate

pump pulse: off pump pulse: on picture of device

area: 0.004 x 0.003 mm2

R. Dekker et al., Optics Express, Vol. 14 (18), pp 8336-8346, 2006.

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•unlimited tele-presence, audio, video (later including smell and touch)

in field of:

• entertainment

• education

• health and care

• safety

•creation of a virtual world with unlimited access

•"intelligence" everywhere: at home, in office, on road

•cheap work power - robots - available for routine tasks

•sensor networks enabling efficient use of energy and other resources

What can we espect within a generation?

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apparatus for personal use:

• computers: PC's everywhere, at least one per person

• mobile phone

• MP3 player

• USB memory stick

• navigation system

• broad-band access

• (nearly) free communication

• internet

• digital camera

globalization

• cost of factory of advanced electronic ICs : 5 000 000 000 $

• same software and hardware used worldwide

Current impact of nano/micro technology

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An example of history

Thomas Robert Malthus:

On population (1798)

main hypothesis:

Unchecked population growth always exceeds

the growth of means of subsistence.

some numbers:

Great Britain world

population

10 000 000 <1 000 000 000

population

60 000 000 >6 000 000 000

population growth in Great Britain in 19th century: 4 x

growth of national product: 14 x

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An example of history

Paul Kennedy:

Preparing for the twenty-first century (1993)

Why was Malthus wrong?

Malthus did not foresee:

•migration

•increased agricultural productivity

•industrialization

Man and nanotechnology

Technology