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Management of IT Environment (3)LS 2012/13 1
Modelling of business processesModelling of business processes
Karol Furdík
Department of Cybernetics and AI, FEI TU Košice
MManagement of IT Environment (3)anagement of IT Environment (3)Riadenie IT prostrediaRiadenie IT prostredia
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Lecture contentLecture content
Definitions of basic terms processs, business process, a model, modelling,...
Ways of BP modelling hierarchical process diagram, process threads diagram
approaches, formalisms: UML, BPMN
BPMN characteristics, history
BPMN elements: activities, events, gateways, connectors, ...
Examples
References
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Def.: ProcesDef.: Processs, , business process and its typesbusiness process and its types
Process - an unifying principle that acts in various systemic contexts. (K. L. von Bertalanffy, philosophical-cybernetic def. Example: process of feedback)
Business process (BP): A set of structured and temporally connected activities or tasks that
are employed in an organisation/enterprise for producing a certain service or product (i.e., activities are goal-oriented) for a particular customer.
Types of business processes:
1. Management processes
2. Operational processes
3. Supporting processes Operationalmanagement
Middle management
Top management
Strategic planning
Managerial
control
Control of actions
actions/ services feedback
planning
control
Information flow in an enterprise. Ref: Mihók, Révészová: IS pre ekonómov. EkF TU Košice, 2006
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Def.: Model, Def.: Model, BP BP modelmodellingling
Model: a (formal) representation of a domain, part of reality, or a system,
which enables investigating relevant events, relationships, and processes ongoing in the domain/system more easily - in comparison with investigation these events in a real world environment.
Consequence: model does not match the reality; it expresses just our view of the reality in a particular context, from certain perspective.(cf. L. Wittgenstein, W. V. O. Quine, W. Sellars, ...)
BP modelling: a set of activities for representing business processes in a formal
way enabling analysis and further improvement of these processes. IT perspective: BP modelling is required as a presumption for
creating and/or modifying information systems in an enterprise.
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BP models and levels of modellingBP models and levels of modelling
BP models: serve for presenting a structured flow of business activities togehter
with all related information. interpreted models enable to determine the level of fulfilling business
goals by an organisation/enterprise.
Levels of BP modelling: Process maps – simple schemas of activity sequences. Process descriptions – schemas extended on additional descriptive
information (however, not complete enough for executing the
modelled processes). Process models – schemas extended on all information required for
modelled process execution.
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Ways of BP modellingWays of BP modelling
BP model formalisms: Older – data/control flow diagrams, block schemas of functions, Gantt
diagrams, PERT diagrams, etc. UML – general modelling formalism, primarily in software engineering
area, but applicable on BP modelling as well. Various types of process models, for example:
Hierarchical process diagram, Process threads diagram Use case diagram Interaction overview diagram Object diagram
BPMN – standardised graphical notation of abstract (i.e., not
executable) BP, suitable for all levels of modelling (process maps,
descriptions, models) and control (planning, design, implementation,
transition, operation, ...).
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Hierarchical process diagramHierarchical process diagram
Taxonomy of business processes: proces on a higher level is composed
of sub-processes modelled on lower
levels.
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Process threads diagramProcess threads diagram
Dynamic description of business processes: describes events that are launching particular sub-processes, as well
as results of these sub-processes.
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UML - Unified Modeling LanguageUML - Unified Modeling Language
UML: a modelling language for specification, visualization, development and documenting of software systems. Can be applied on business processes as well.
A set of diagrams enabling an object-oriented design Diagrams:
Use-case diagram Class diagram State diagram Activity diagram Sequence diagram Interaction diagram Component diagram Deployment diagram
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BPMN - Business Process Modeling NotationBPMN - Business Process Modeling Notation
Formalism for graphical representation of business processes by
means of a diagram of ordered/structured flow of activities and
related information - Business Process Diagram.
BPMN is a set of graphical objects and rules defining available
connections between the objects. BPMN provides a mechanism for generating executable business
processes - BPEL (Business Process Execution Language).
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History & versions of BPMNHistory & versions of BPMN
Business Process Management Institute (BPMI, nowadays a part of OMG
consortium, www.omg.org) developed the BPML language (XML-based,
representation of executable BPs). It implied a necessity of a general and easily
understandable graphical notation - BPMN. BPML was later replaced by BPEL (currently a standard).
August 2001: group Notation Working Group, consisting of 35 members,
organisations and individuals.
BPMN 1.0 May 2004: BPMN 1.0 specification published. February 2006: BPMN 1.0 accepted as OMG standard.
BPMN 1.1: OMG specification, February 2008. BPMN 1.2: OMG specification, January 2009. The last non-executable notation BPMN 2.0: released in January 2011: http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/
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Basic elements of BPMNBasic elements of BPMN
Flow objects
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BPMN: Examples (4c)BPMN: Examples (4c)
Choreography - BPMN 2.0 notation
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BPMN: ReferencesBPMN: References
http://www.bpmn.org, the web of Object Management Group/Business Process Management Initiative
tutorials, guidelines, best practices, ...
http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/, specifications
http://bpm-sme.blogspot.com/2008/03/3-uvod-do-bpmn.html, short tutorial in Czech
http://www.defm.fmph.uniba.sk/ludia/odrobina/Process_modeling.htm, brief intro to BPMN in Slovak