Magnus Wikander FKAB Marine Design

Managing risks in LNG bunkering operations

YOUR TRUSTED PARTNER FOR SUSTAINABLE SHIP DESIGN

UDDEVALLAGOTHENBURG

SHANGHAI

FKAB GLOBALLY

-We have been delivering great ship designs and marine engineering since 1961

FKAB Marine Design

-We have been delivering great ship designs and marine engineering since 1961

FKAB Marine Design

Today s presentation

- LNG, the future fuel for shipping?

- LNG bunkering today in Norway

- Making LNG available for larger ships

- LNG bunkering ship to ship from a risk perspective

- HAZID & Risk Assessment

LNG, the future fuel for Shipping?

- Increase of oil price!

- Stricter environmental legislations

- Environmental concern of the transport buyer

- LNG, the bridge over to renewable gas fuels

Ships suitable for LNG

How can LNG be a competitive Bunker Fuel?

LNG Small Scale Distribution is required

- Hubs (small scale LNG terminal) are needed. Fuel supply is crucial in shipping

- LNG Feeders, there are few, more are required to fit the possible demand

- LNG Bunkering solutions, only for smaller ships today

- The price of LNG as bunker fuel must take into account the increased investment cost for a LNG system

FKAB L2 – 16 500m3 LNG feeder FKAB L1 – 800m3 LNG/MGO mini feeder vessel

LNG distribution vessels from FKAB

LNG fueled ships today

Pictures: Cryo AB

LNG bunkering today

pictures: Cryo & GASNOR

• Truck to ship

pictures: GASNOR

• Onshore terminal to ship

LNG bunkering today

Bunkering of larger ships today

• HFO/MDO/MGOBunkering Ship to Ship

Making LNG available for larger ships

Joint industry project:LNG bunkering ship to ship

- Swedish Marine Technical Forum

- Linde Cryo AB

- FKAB Marine Design

- Det Norske Veritas

- LNG GOT

- White Smoke AB

IMO IGF Interim regulationsExisting regulations for gas driven ships IMO IGC Code

Existing regulations for gas carriers (gas bunker ship)

LNG bunkering ship to ship?No existing regulations or guidelines

*SIGTTO = Society of International Gas Tanker & Terminal operators Ltd*OCIMF = Oil Companies International Marine Forum

International Rules and Guidelines

IMO - IGC CodeRules for the bunker boat, which is a small LNG carrier

IMO - IGF CodeRules for the receiving ship, the ship using LNG as fuel

SIGGTOGuidelines for LNG transfer

OCIMFGuidelines for Oil transfer, STS oil bunker procedures

National Rules and Guidelines

Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency - MSBRegulations on land

Swedish Transport Agency, Maritime departmentRegulations at sea

Port regulations e.g. “Green bunkering” for Port of Göteborg

Bunkering scenario Port close to urban areasBunkering during

unloading and loading

Truck and carsPassengers

Very short time in port

LNG & MGO

Important parameters – Bunker scenario

• Fast and Safe bunker procedure

• Bunker operation should not prolong stay in port

• Bunkering of LNG and MGO / MDO at the same time

• Environmental concern, minimal environmental impact from bunkering procedure

• Proven technology

• Accurate bunkering; measurement of quantity and quality

Workflow LNG bunkering ship to ship project

HAZID Risk identification

Risk Assessment

Finalized Concept

Concept development

HAZID workshop - Objectives

1. Identify hazards which have the potential to result in health, safety or environmental impact;

- Fire or explosion - Hydro-carbon releases (vapour leaks) cryogenic releases, - Loss of structural integrity or control

2. Propose risk reducing measures for the hazards identified

LNG BUNKERING TIMELINE

BEFORE BUNKERING DURING BUNKERING AFTER BUNKERING

EVENT

CALLARRIVALMOORINGCHECKLIST TO RECEIVING SHIPCONNNECTION LINK / EARTHINGCONNECTION HOSERETURN OF SIGNED CHECKLISTOPEN MANUAL VALVESREADY SIGNAL BOTH SHIPSPUMP START SEQUENCETRANSFER SEQUENCEPUMP STOP SEQUENCEPURGING OF CARGO LINES (BOTH SHIPS)SHUT MANUAL + REMOTE CONTROLLED VALVESDISCONNECTION HOSESINERTING OF CARGO LINES (RECEIVING SHIP)DISCONNECTION LINK / EARTHINGDELIVERY CARGO DOCUMENTUN-MOORINGDEPARTUREINERTING OF CARGO LINES (BUNKER SHIP)

HAZID workshop - Risk areas/systems considered for each step of the operation

1. Bunkering system (ship to ship transfer)

2. Receiving ship and surrounding environment

3. LNG and NG (boil-off) transfer

4. Bunker manifolds

5. Venting system

6. Total vessel

HAZID workshop - Hazard guidewords/check list

• Fire or explosion hazard• Fire/Explosion in mach. spaces and LNG system• Fire/Explosion in other areas• Other hazards generated by materials and substances• Leakage of liquid LNG causing loss of structural integrity• Mechanical hazards• Electrical hazards• Thermal hazards• Hazards generated by malfunctions• Collisions• Dropped objects• Grounding• Foundering• Environmental Hazards• Pollution• Occupational accidents• Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles• Hazards generated by erroneous human intervention

Identified risks & Risk Assessment

ID Operation Hazard TypeDescription of consequence and probability

•Comments •Possible Safeguards and input for concept development

Risk Assesment/Actions

1 During bunkering operation

Fire/Explosion in mach. spaces and LNG system

Leakage trough bunkering station causing fire /explosion

• Leakage in couplings (QR/QCDC), flexible hose, pressure relief valve.• Will probably leak as heavy gas-phase, rise after a while to light gas-phase

•Operation• Strict supervision of bunkering, visual inspection of equipment and active leak detection.•Technology• Safe break-away • Dry disconnection coupling• Multiple transfer hoses to reduce leak size• Pipe-in-pipe (ex. Flexible hose)

A. Visual inspection and supervision to be included of bunker checklists.

B. Safe break coupling to be installed at receiving ship manifold due to safety reasons and correct breakpoint. Minimizes spill at break

C. Dry disconnection coupling towards receiving ship to minimize spill.

D. Differential pressure measuring over the hoses to indicate leakage and activate safe shut-down

Type of risk with consequence How the risk is reduced

to acceptable levels

Fire/explosion

Hazards generated by neglecting

ergonomic principles & human

intervention

External Hazards

Pollution

Grounding

Mechanical hazards

Other hazards generated by materials and substances

Leakage of liquid LNG

causing loss of structural integrity

Environmental Hazards

Consequence

Prob

abili

ty

Collisions

Hazards generated by malfunctions

Electrical hazards

Identification of risks - LNG bunkering ship to ship

”No Show Stoppers”

• Ship to Ship bunkering procedure for LNG and MGO, based on guidelines from OCIMF and SIGTTO

• Procedure and technical solutions are approved in principle by DNV

LNG bunkering Ship to Ship

FKAB L1 – LNG/MGO bunker ship

• Technical concept solution for fast, uncomplicated and safe LNG Ship to Ship bunkering

• Operational procedure for Ship to Ship LNG bunkering, including checklists

Conclusion

- We have the answer of how to bunker LNG fuelled ships

Download the procedure at: www.fkab.com

Magnus WikanderFKAB Marine Design

Thanks for listening

More than 45 years of experience

Close to leading ship-builders in Asia

Close to major European ship-owners

Total design consultancy from idea todelivery

Several proven ship designs from small to large vessels

www.fkab.com