Post on 09-Mar-2016
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Manifesto for a Standard on Meaningful Representations of Knowledge in Social Knowledge Management Environments
Bick, M., Hetmank, L., Kruse, P., Maier, R., Pawlowski, J.M.,
Peinl, R., Schoop, E., Seeber, I., Thalmann, S
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Current Team
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Knowledge Management going social…
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The challenges
Knowledge management trends
Connecting human and technology orientation
From document/repository orientation to distributed resources and activities
Social software as a central concept for connecting resources and activities
How do we represent knowledge and connect activities, resources and people?
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Current standardization efforts
Technical standards (document formats, metadata) Dublin Core
Learning Object Metadata (LOM)
Business Process Model Notation (BPMN)
IMS Learning Design Specification
Contextualized attention metadata (CAM)
RDF, OWL
OOXML, PDF, ODF
Human-oriented standards (guidelines and good practices)
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Activity Stream
Activity Streams allow applications to publish a live stream of a persons’ working, learning (or social) activities by aggregators that serialize items into a sequence of posts, making actions visible to other users of the service.
Motivation
participants better understand boundaries of their actions
groups better manage & coordinate activities
people decide with whom to collaborate
attracts attention and signals
enhances knowledge sharing, asking & answering questions, solving problems
enhances mechanisms to demonstrate competences
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(Olson et al., 2006)
Active Documents
An electronic document which includes data as well as metadata and application logic. Alternatively, an active document can be directly connected with the application logic.
Metadata and application logic will be transferred with the active document and be able to activate, control and execute functionalities. [Trög07]
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Standard system enviroment
Passive
Document
Specific system environment interpreting metadata and application logic
Sort of document
Requirements regarding system
environment
Transformation characteristic
Integration of metadata
Enriched
Document
Ability to react on an event
Reactive
Document
Ability to initiate and control functions
Active
Document
Ability to take decisions autonomously
Proactive
Document
<creator>Muster</creator><date>11-01-2006</date>
<creator>Muster</creator><date>11-01-2006</date>
<creator>Muster</creator><date>11-01-2006</date>
Specific system environment
using autoactivation mode
<creator>Muster</creator><date>11-01-2006</date>
[Trög07]
Current findings
Knowledge management changes towards distributed, social, interactive environments
Current standards do not allow appropriate representation of social KM
E.g. activities
New ways of knowledge representations are needed (and approaches are available)
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The Manifesto
New ways of knowledge representation
Key aspects Represent activities and interactions
Represent context: in which environment do knowledge activities happen?
Allow bundling, merging and connecting resources, activities and people
Develop a standard for KM (systems) to enable interoperability and re-use
A basis for discussion, discourse, community building!
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Towards knowledge containers
KAS1
reference KA – Knowledge Activity A – Action KT – Knowledge Trace KO – Knowledge Object KB – Knowledge Bundle KC – Knowledge Container KAS – KA Stream KC
KO KO
A KB KB
KB
A
A
KAS2
KO KO
A A
KO
A A
KA1 KA2
A
Aspects of contextual information enriched knowledge containers
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Predictions and Recommendations
1. Acknowledge KM as a social activity
• gap between technology and human orientation bridged by SSW and SM
• trend acknowledged by research community and practitioners.
2. Focus the active, not the passive
• we need a variety of ways to represent knowledge
• the focus should shift from document-oriented to an activity-oriented view to better capture the dynamic process.
3. Context will be the key factor to understand KM
• context rarely analyzed or represented in both, research and standardization communities, thus lack of transferability of results
• adequate specifications needed to represent context.
4. Stop using outdated frameworks
• standards in KM like Dublin Core do not take technological advances into account
• widely agreed conceptual KM framework needed considering social media as source for contextual metadata.
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Predictions and Recommendations (con’t)
5. Focus on specifications and standards
• KM community has ignored standards for decades.
• specifications and standards are important when designing and experimenting with innovative systems.
6. Form an enterprise-research alliance for standards
• consensus of all stakeholders needed, in particular researchers and enterprises.
• a balanced community needs to be formed from the very beginning.
7. Stand on the shoulders of giants
• KM community has specific characteristics, but standards do not need to be created from scratch.
• build on existing base and similar standards already successful in use.
8. Create standards now
• KM and SSW are mature enough that we understand the key success factors.
• KM community needs to create standards as an agreement in the community for competitive innovative and interoperable solutions
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Summary
We need new ways of representing knowledge management in standards
Key aspect: adding context and activities
Steps
Find (further) appropriate approaches, standards and alternatives
Collaborate with standardization bodies
Discuss, test, improve!
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Contact Information JYU
Prof. Dr. Markus Bick mbick@escpeurope.eu
Prof. Dr. Ronald Maier ronald.maier@uibk.ac.at
Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski jan.pawlowski@jyu.fi
Prof. Dr. Rene Peinl rene.peinl@hof-university.de
Prof. Dr. Eric Schoop eric.schoop@tu-dresden.de
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