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© Pearson Education Ltd 2017 1
Mapping Document: GCE Design & Technology (Product Design)
Pearson Resistant Materials 9RM01 and Graphic Products 9GR01 (2008) to
Pearson Product Design 9DT0 (2017)
The table below shows the existing Pearson content with the correlation to the new Pearson product design specification in the right-
hand columns. The page numbers relate to each specification document.
In the interests of space, content that does not match the Pearson specification has not been reproduced.
Pearson content is shown in abridged form where useful.
9RM01 Resistant Materials
(RMT) content Page
no.
9GR01 Graphic Products
(GP) content Page
no. Product Design 9DT0 (2017)
Page
no.
Unit 2.3 Material and components
(RMT) 36
2.3 Materials and components
(GP) 94
Component 1: Principles of Design
and Technology 8
The content for each discipline is
listed separately.
The content for each discipline is
listed separately.
1 Materials
1 Materials
2.1 Materials: Performance
characteristics of woods, metals,
polymers, smart and modern materials,
papers, boards, textiles and composites
in order to discriminate between
materials and select appropriately:
a) conductivity
b) strength
c) elasticity
d) plasticity
10
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e) malleability
f) ductility
g) hardness
h) toughness
i) durability
j) biodegradability.
Metals: Aesthetic, functional and
mechanical properties, application and
advantages/disadvantages of:
● ferrous – mild steel, carbon steel
and cast iron
● non-ferrous – aluminium, copper
and zinc
● alloys – stainless steel,
duralumin and brass.
36
Metals: Aesthetic, functional and
mechanical properties, application
and advantages/disadvantages of
the following metals for graphic
products and commercial
packaging:
● ferrous – steel
● non-ferrous – aluminium, tin
● alloys – stainless steel,
duralumin.
95
1.2 Metals:
a) ferrous metals – mild steel, carbon
steels, cast iron
b) non-ferrous metals – aluminium,
copper, zinc, tin
c) alloys (ferrous and non-ferrous) –
stainless steel, duralumin, brass.
9
Polymers : Aesthetic, functional and
mechanical properties, structural
composition with reference to cross
linking, application and
advantages/disadvantages of:
● thermoplastics – acrylic,
polyethylene, HDPE, LDPE, PET,
PVC, PP, PS and ABS
● thermosetting plastics – epoxy
resins, urea formaldehyde and
polyester resin.
36,
37
Polymers: Aesthetic, functional
and mechanical properties,
application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following thermoplastics in the
production of graphic products and
commercial packaging:
● polythene, polyethylene: HDPE,
LDPE, PP, PS, rigid (high-
density polystyrene) and
expanded
● Styrofoam for block modelling
● acrylic.
96
1.3 Polymers:
a) thermoplastics – acrylic,
polyethylene, polyethylene
terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride
(PVC), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ABS)
b) thermosetting plastics – epoxy
resins (ER), urea formaldehyde (UF),
polyester resin (PR)
c) elastomers – rubber.
9
Woods: Aesthetic, functional and
mechanical properties, application and 37
Woods: Aesthetic, functional and
mechanical properties, application 96
1.1 Woods:
a) hardwoods – oak, mahogany, beech, 9
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advantages/disadvantages of:
● hardwoods – oak, mahogany,
beech
● softwood – pine.
and advantages/disadvantages of
the following woods for the
creation of models and prototypes:
● hardwoods – jelutong, balsa
● softwood – pine.
jelutong, balsa
b) softwoods – pine, cedar, larch,
redwood.
Composites: Aesthetic, functional
and mechanical properties, structural
composition, application, manufacture
and advantages/disadvantages of:
● carbon fibre, GRP, MDF and
chipboard.
37
Composites: Aesthetic, functional
and mechanical properties,
structural composition, application
and advantages/disadvantages of
the following composite used by
the graphics industry:
● carbon fibre, GRP, MDF.
97
1.4 Composites:
a) composites – carbon fibre (CFRP),
glass fibre (GRP), Medium Density Fibre
Board (MDF), hardboard, chipboard,
plywood.
9
Laminates: Aesthetic, functional and
mechanical properties, structural
composition, application, manufacture
and advantages/disadvantages of:
● plywood and block-board.
38
Plywood listed under composites (1.4).
9
Modern materials and products:
Application and
advantages/disadvantages of:
● thermoceramics, tinted glass,
solar panels, LCDs and EL
lighting.
38
Modern materials and products:
Structural composition, application
and advantages/disadvantages of
the following modern materials and
products used by the graphics
industry:
● LCDs, phosphorescent
pigments, electroluminescent
(EL) lighting.
97
New and smart materials:
Application and
advantages/disadvantages of:
● SMA, reactive glass, photochromic
paint and quantum tunnelling
composites.
38
Smart materials: Structural
composition, application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following smart materials used by
the graphics industry:
● thermochromic liquid
97
1.7 Smart and modern materials:
a) thermo-ceramics
b) shape memory alloys (SMA)
c) reactive glass
d) liquid crystal displays (LCD)
10
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crystals/film, piezoelectric
crystals, smart ink and RFID. e) photochromic materials
f) thermochromic materials
g) quantum tunnelling composites.
Paper and board:
(i) Processes and
advantages/disadvantages of
producing wood pulp by the
following methods:
● mechanical, chemical and
waste pulp.
(ii) The process of manufacturing
paper and card using the
Fourdrinier process.
(iii) Aesthetic, functional and
mechanical properties, application
and advantages/disadvantages of
the following common paper, card
and board for commercial and
everyday use:
● drawing papers, layout,
tracing, copier and cartridge
● commercial printing papers –
bond and coated
● commercial card and board –
mounting board and recycled.
(iv) Aesthetic, functional and
mechanical properties, structural
composition, application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following carton boards in the
production of commercial
packaging:
94,
95
1.5 Papers and boards:
a) drawing papers – layout, tracing,
copier, cartridge
b) commercial printing papers – bond,
coated
c) boards – mounting board,
corrugated board, foam board, folding
box board, foil-lined board.
9
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● folding boxboard, corrugated
board, solid white board, and
foil-lined board.
1.6 Textiles:
a) natural fibres – cotton, linen, wool
b) manmade fibres – nylon,
polypropylene, polyester
c) textile treatments – flame resistant,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
9
2 Components 2 Components
Characteristics, application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following components:
● nuts, bolts, spacers and washers,
screws, and pop and snap rivets
● gears – simple and compound
gear trains, rack and pinion, worm
and wheel, bevel and mitre gears,
and spur gears
● bearings – plain bearings,
journal bearings, ball bearings
and bushes
● cams – pear shaped, circular or
eccentric, heart shaped and snail
● followers – flat-foot, knife-edge
and roller.
39
Processes, application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following binding methods in
relation to both paper and board:
● saddle-wire stitching, side-wire
stitching, perfect binding, hard-
bound or case-bound, and
spiral or comb binding.
98
Unit 2.4 Industrial and
commercial practice (RMT)
Unit 2.4 Industrial and
commercial practice (GP)
The content for each discipline is
listed separately.
The content for each discipline is
listed separately.
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Scale of production: Characteristics,
application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following scales of production:
● one-off, batch, mass and
continuous.
40 As RMT 98
8.1 Characteristics and stages of the
following methods of production when
applied to products and materials:
a) one-off production
b) batch production
c) high-volume production.
15
Material processing and forming
techniques: Characteristics,
preparation, processes, application
and advantages/disadvantages of the
following methods when manipulating
materials and components:
● casting – sand and die
● milling/routing, drilling, turning,
blow moulding, injection
moulding, vacuum forming,
extrusion and rotational moulding.
40
Forming techniques:
Characteristics, preparation,
processes, application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following methods for the batch
and mass production of graphic
products and components:
● blow moulding, injection
moulding and vacuum forming.
100
Processes, techniques and
specialist tools
3.1 Processes, applications,
characteristics, advantages and
disadvantages of the following, in order
to discriminate between them and
select appropriately, including the
selection of specific and relevant tools
to be used for domestic, commercial
and industrial products and systems,
and safe use when experimenting,
improving and refining in order to
realise a design:
d) casting – sand (to include
investment), die, resin, plaster of Paris
(including use of specialist tools)
e) machining – milling/routing, drilling,
turning, stamping, pressing (including
use of specialist tools)
f) moulding – blow moulding, injection
moulding, vacuum forming, extrusion,
rotational moulding (including use of
specialist tools)
g) lamination (including use of
specialist tools)
h) marking out techniques – woods,
metals, polymers, paper and boards
11
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(including use of specialist tools).
Graphical communication:
Application, demonstration and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following graphical-drawing
techniques:
● pictorial drawing methods for
representing 3D forms
● isometric, 2-point perspective
and planometric (axonometric).
Working drawings for
communicating 2D technical
information:
● 3rd angle orthographic
projection to BSI standards and
nets (developments)
● translation from working
drawings to pictorial drawings
and vice versa
● translation from pictorial
drawings to nets
(developments) and vice versa.
98
3.3 Use of media to convey design
decisions, to record to recognised
standards, and to explain and
communicate information and ideas
using the following methods and
techniques:
a) pictorial drawing methods for
representing 3D forms – isometric, 2-
point perspective
b) working drawings for communicating
2D technical information – 3rd angle
orthographic projection, triangulation
c) nets (developments) for
communicating information about 3D
forms in a 2D format
d) translation between working
drawings, pictorial drawings and nets
(developments)
e) report writing.
12
Manufacturing techniques for
mass production: Preparation,
application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following when manufacturing
products and components:
● jigs, patterns, formers and
moulds.
40
Computer-generated graphics:
The application and
advantages/disadvantages of
computer-generated graphics in
the design and production of
graphic products:
● use of DTP to create and
modify designs and layouts for
printed materials
● process of 2D image creation
and manipulation.
99
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Joining techniques: Characteristics,
preparation, processes, application
and advantages/disadvantages of
using the following permanent and
semi-permanent methods when
joining materials and components:
● mechanical – nuts, bolts and
washers, and rivets
● heat – oxy-acetylene welding,
MIG welding, brazing and hard
soldering
● chemical – Tensol cement and
polystyrene cement
● adhesives – PVA, epoxy resin,
contact adhesive and hot melt
glue.
41
Joining techniques: Preparation,
application and
advantages/disadvantages of using
the following adhesives for joining
like and unlike materials:
● contact adhesive, acrylic
cement, polystyrene cement,
epoxy resin and PVA.
99
3.4 Uses, characteristics, advantages
and disadvantages of the following
permanent and semi-permanent joining
techniques in order to discriminate
between them, select appropriately and
use safely:
a) adhesives – contact adhesive, acrylic
cement, epoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate
(PVA), hot melt glue, cyanoacrylate
(superglue), polystyrene cement
(including use of specialist tools)
b) mechanical – screws, nuts, bolts,
washers, rivets, press (including use of
specialist tools)
c) heat – oxy-acetylene welding, MIG
welding, brazing, hard soldering, soft
soldering (including use of specialist
tools)
d) jointing – traditional wood joints,
knock-down fittings (including use of
specialist tools).
12
Material removal: Characteristics,
preparation, processes, application
and advantages/disadvantages of the
following methods when manipulating
materials:
● cutting and abrading.
41
Modelling and prototyping:
Processes, application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following 2D/3D models and
prototypes to aid the development
of graphic products:
99
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● block modelling, rapid
prototyping using CAD/CAM,
computer modelling for
creating photo realistic images
and ‘virtual’ products using
wire frame, surface modelling
and solid modelling.
Heat treatment: Characteristics,
preparation, processes, application
and advantages/disadvantages of the
following heat treatment methods
when altering the appropriate
material and component as stated in
2.3 to enhance their properties:
● annealing, hardening and
tempering, normalising, and work
hardening.
42
Industrial and commercial
processes: Production and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following processes for creating
structural packaging nets for
containing, protecting, dispensing
and advertising products:
● designing and creating nets
using hand-drawn and CAD
methods, commercial
automated production of
packaging nets using die
cutting, folding, scoring and
spot gluing.
99
Processes, techniques and
specialist tools
3.1 Processes, applications,
characteristics, advantages and
disadvantages of the following:
a) heat treatments – hardening and
tempering, case hardening, annealing,
normalising (including use of specialist
tools).
11
Conversion and seasoning:
Preparation, processes and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following conversion and seasoning
methods:
● conversion – through and
through (slab) sawn, quarter
sawn
● seasoning – natural and kiln-
drying.
42
Faults in woods: Characteristics of
the following faults in woods and why
such faults occur:
42
Finishing processes: Processes,
application and
advantages/disadvantages of
100
3.5 Application, advantages and
disadvantages of the following finishing
techniques and methods of
12
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● cupping, twisting, splitting and
knots.
applying the following finishes to
improve the performance, quality
and provide enhanced aesthetic
and/or functional properties:
● enhancing the format of paper
and board, laminating,
encapsulation, varnishing, hot
foil blocking and embossing
● surface decoration for signage
using CAD/CAM, production of
lettering and decals using laser
cutting and engraving, and
vinyl cutting.
preservation in order to discriminate
between them and select appropriately
for use, including for the prevention of
degradation:
a) finishes – paints, varnishes,
sealants, preservatives, anodising,
electro-plating, powder coating, oil
coating, galvanisation, cathodic
protection (including use of specialist
tools)
b) paper and board finishing process –
laminating, varnishing, hot foil
blocking, embossing (including use of
specialist tools).
Computer-aided design (CAD):
Processes, application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following CAD systems when
designing products:
● 2D design to create and modify
designs
● 3D modelling for creating ‘virtual’
products.
42
Printing processes: Processes,
application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following commercial printing
methods to create graphic
products:
● offset lithography, flexography,
screen-printing and gravure.
100
Processes, techniques and
specialist tools
3.1 Processes, applications,
characteristics, advantages and
disadvantages of the following:
c) printing – offset lithology,
flexography, screen-printing, gravure
(including use of specialist tools).
11
Modelling and prototyping:
Processes, application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following 3D modelling and
prototyping techniques to aid the
development of manufacturing
products:
● block modelling and rapid
prototyping using CAD/CAM.
42
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Computer-aided manufacture:
Processes, application, production and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following CNC systems when
manufacturing products:
● lathes, routers, milling machines
and laser cutters. 43
4.1 Set up, safe and accurate
operation, and advantages and
disadvantages of the following digital
technologies:
a) computer-aided design (CAD) – 2D
and 3D design to create and modify
designs and create simulations, 3D
modelling for creating ‘virtual’ products
b) computer-aided manufacture (CAM)
and rapid prototyping – CNC lathes,
CNC routers, CNC milling machine, CNC
laser, CNC vinyl cutters, rapid
prototyping.
13
Unit 2.5 Quality (RMT) 43 Unit 2.5 Quality (GP) 101
Unit 2.5 – differences are
highlighted.
Quality assurance systems and
quality control in production:
Concept, characteristics, application
and advantages of the following when
designing and manufacturing
commercial products:
● QA systems, QC, TQM (ISO 9000
series). 43
Quality assurance systems and
quality control in production (in
addition to RMT content):
● QC during a final print run
● using printer’s marks
● colour bars for colour
consistency/density
● registration marks for aligning
printing plates
● crop marks for
cutting/trimming guides
● greyscale for monochrome
consistency.
101
8.2 Characteristics, application,
advantages and disadvantages of the
following types of quality monitoring
systems:
a) quality control – the monitoring and
achieving of high standards and degree
of tolerance by inspection and testing,
computer-aided testing
b) quality assurance – monitoring the
quality of a product from its design and
development stage, through its
manufacture, to its end-use
performance and degree of customer
satisfaction
c) Total Quality Management (TQM) –
when applied to quality assurance
15
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procedures and its impact on
employees at every stage of the
production process (ISO 9000).
Quality standards: Process of
testing products, components and
materials against external quality
standards set by the following
organisations:
● British (BSI and relevant
kitemarks)
● European (CEN and CE)
● International (ISO).
43 As RMT 101
11.4 Implication to designers,
manufacturers and consumers of the
following standards when developing
designs and manufacturing products:
a) British Standards (BSI and kite
mark)
b) European (CEN and CE)
c) International Standards (ISO).
18
2.6 Health and safety 44 102 10 Current legislation 17
Health and Safety at Work Act
(1974): The principles and
application of the Health and Safety at
Work Act (1974).
Procedures to safeguard the risk
of injury to people: PPE, signage
and warning symbols.
Carrying out risk assessments in
accordance with the HSE:
● identify potential hazards
● identify people at risk
● evaluate the risks
● decide upon control measures
● record assessment.
COSHH regulations: Risk
assessment to control the storage and
use of solvent-based substances
containing VOCs.
44 AS RMT 102
10.2 The principles and applications of
health and safety laws and regulations
and their impact on the designing and
making process, including the
consequences of non-adherence:
a) health and safety regulation – the
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and
an awareness of relevant regulations to
manufacturing industries
b) Health and Safety at Work etc. Act
(1974) – the procedures to safeguard
the risk of injury to people: personal
protective equipment (PPE), signage,
warning symbols
c) Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health (COSHH) regulations – the
storage and use of solvent-based
substances containing volatile organic
compounds (VOCs).
7 Safe working practices, potential
17 &
14
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hazards and risk assessment
7.1 Adopting safe working practices,
recognise and react to potential
hazards:
a) understanding safe working
practices for yourself and others when
designing and making, including when
selecting and safely using machinery,
equipment and tools in order to ensure
safe working environments
b) understanding the need for risk
assessments – identification of
potential hazards, identification of
people at risk, evaluation of risks,
implement control measures, recording
and storing of risk assessment
documentation.
Unit 3 Designing for the future
(RMT) 45
Unit 3 Designing for the future
(GP) 103
8 Features of manufacturing
industries 15
Information and communication
technology (ICT): Characteristics,
processes, application,
advantages/disadvantages of ICT in
the development, manufacture and
sales of products in the global
marketplace:
● electronic communications –
email, EDI, ISDN and broadband,
LAN, global networks (internet)
and video conferencing
● electronic information
handling – market analysis and
specification development
46
Information and
communication technology
(ICT): Characteristics, processes,
application, and
advantages/disadvantages of ICT
in the design, development,
marketing and sales of graphic
products in the global marketplace:
● electronic communications
between designers,
manufacturers, retailers
and consumers using email,
EDI, ISDN and broadband
video conferencing
● computer-aided design
104
8.3 Characteristics, processes,
application, advantages and
disadvantages, and the importance of
considering accuracy of production and
efficiency of modern manufacturing
methods and systems when designing
for manufacture for small-, medium-
and large-scale production:
a) production scheduling and
production logistics
b) robotics in production – robots on
fully-automated production and
assembly lines/cells
c) materials handling systems –
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● automated stock control – JIT
● production scheduling and
production logistics
● flexible manufacturing
systems (FMS) – quick-response
manufacturing (QRM)
● production control
● marketing, distribution and
retailing of products using
EPOS and internet marketing.
(CAD) in the development
of products involving
creative and technical design,
virtual modelling and testing,
and rapid prototyping (RPT)
● marketing, distribution and
retailing of products using
EPOS, internet marketing and
sales.
automated storage and retrieval
systems (ASRS), automatic guided
vehicles (AGVs)
d) flexible manufacturing systems
(FMS), modular/cell production systems
e) lean manufacturing using just-in-
time (JIT) systems
f) standardised parts, bought-in
components
g) quick-response manufacturing
(QRM)
h) data integration – product data
management (PDM), enterprise
resource planning (ERP) systems
i) concurrent manufacturing.
Biotechnology:
a) Characteristics,
advantages/disadvantages and the
impact on the environment of the
following genetic engineering
techniques when manufacturing
products:
● altering genes in woods to provide
quicker-growing trees, or to
supply wood that resists wear, rot
or infestation
● use of micro-organisms to aid the
disposal of environmentally-
friendly plastics producing
materials that are totally
recyclable.
b) The sources, manufacture,
application and
47
Biotechnology: Characteristics
advantages/disadvantages and the
impact on the environment of the
following genetic engineering
techniques when manufacturing
paper and board:
● altering genes in woods to
provide quicker-growing trees,
or to supply wood that resists
wear, rot or infestation
● reduction of lignin to reduce
environmental impact of the
paper industry
The sources, manufacture,
application and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following biodegradable polymer:
Biopol®.
105
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advantages/disadvantages of the
following biodegradable polymer:
Biopol®.
c) Characteristics, application and
advantages/disadvantages of adding
the following additives to polymers:
● plasticisers, fillers, fibres,
stabilisers and foamants.
d) Characteristics, application and
advantages/disadvantages of
modifying woods: lamination.
Digital special effects: Process
and application of the following
digital special effects used in film-
making:
● blue/green screen and CGI.
104
3.4 Systems and control 48 3.4 Systems and control 106
Manufacturing systems:
Characteristics, processes, application
and advantages/disadvantages of
advanced manufacturing technology
(AMT) which enable quick-response
manufacturing (QRM), including:
● concurrent manufacturing and
flexible manufacturing systems
(FMS).
48 As RMT 106
Computer-integrated manufacture
(CIM): Characteristics, processes,
application,
advantages/disadvantages and its
impact on employment of CIM
systems to integrate the processing of
production and business information
48 As RMT 106
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with manufacturing operations,
including:
● data integration involving product
data management (PDM) and
enterprise resource planning
(ERP) systems
● lean manufacturing using JIT
systems
● CAM, involving CNC equipment
and computer-aided quality (CAQ)
in flexible manufacturing cells
● materials handling systems
including automated storage and
retrieval systems (ASRS) and
automatic guided vehicles (AGVs).
Robotics and artificial intelligence
(AI): Application,
advantages/disadvantages and its
impact on employment of complex
automated systems, including:
● robots on fully automated
production and assembly
lines/cells
● development of artificial
intelligence (AI) for industrial
applications.
48 As RMT 106
Flow charts: Flow charts to
represent open and closed loop
systems for QC of production
processes.
48 As RMT 106
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Unit 3 Designing for the future
(RMT) 49
Unit 3 Designing for the future
(GP) 107
3.5 Design in context 49
3.5 Design in context 107
6 Effects of technological
developments 14
The effects of technological
changes on society: The impact and
advantages/disadvantages of the
following technological changes on
society in relation to product
manufacture:
● mass production – consumer
society including built-in
obsolescence and employment
● the ‘new’ industrial age of
high-technology production –
computers in the development
and manufacture of products,
miniaturisation of products and
components, and the use of smart
materials and products for
innovative applications
● the global marketplace –
multinational companies in
developed countries
manufacturing ‘offshore’ in
developing countries, and local
and global production.
49 As RMT 107
6.1 Current and historical technological
developments that have had an effect
on the work of designers and
technologists and their social, moral
and ethical impacts:
a) mass production – the consumer
society, built-in obsolescence, the
effect mass production has on
employment
b) the ‘new’ industrial age of high-
technology production – computers and
the development and manufacture of
products, miniaturisation of products
and components, the use of smart
materials, products from innovative
applications
c) the global marketplace –
multinational companies in developed
and developing countries,
manufacturing ‘offshore’ in developing
countries, and local and global
production.
14
2 Influences of design history on
the development of products:
Characteristics in terms of design
styles, philosophy and influences on
design culture of the following
49 As RMT 107
5.4 Design theory through the
influences and methods of the following
key historical movements and figures:
a) Arts and Crafts – William Morris
b) Art Nouveau – Charles Rennie
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designers and design movements:
● William Morris and the Arts and
Crafts movement
● Charles Rennie Mackintosh and
the Art Nouveau movement
● Marcel Breuer and the Bauhaus
● Eileen Gray and the Art Deco
movement
● Raymond Loewy and streamlining
● Philippe Starck and the New
Design style.
Mackintosh
c) Bauhaus Modernist – Marianne
Brandt
d) Art Deco – Eileen Gray
e) Post Modernism – Philippe Starck
f) Streamlining – Raymond Lowey
g) Memphis – Ettore Sottsass.
3 Form and function: The debate
regarding ‘form versus function’
including the following two opposing
views when designing products:
● form follows function
(functionality as prime driver)
● form over function (aesthetics as
prime driver).
49 As RMT 107
5.3 The influence of aesthetics,
ergonomics and anthropometrics on the
design, development and manufacture
of products:
a) form over function
b) form follows function.
13
4 Anthropometrics and
ergonomics: The principles and
application of anthropometrics data
and ergonomics:
● key ergonomic factors for a
designer to consider when
developing products, equipment
and environments with human
interaction
● sources and applications of
anthropometric data.
50 As RMT 108
5.2 Principles, applications and the
influence on design of anthropometrics
and ergonomics:
a) sources and applications of
anthropometric data
b) ergonomic factors for a designer to
consider when developing products and
environments with which humans react.
13
3.6 Sustainability 50 108 9 Designing for maintenance and 16
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the cleaner environment
Life-cycle assessment (LCA):
Application of LCA to assess the
impact of a product:
● environmental inputs/outputs of
raw materials, energy resources
and emissions
● economic inputs/outputs of
products, components or energy
that are outputs from other
processes.
50 As RMT 109 See 9.1 16
Cleaner design and technology:
Application of ‘cleaner’ design and
technology throughout each of the
stages of a product’s life-cycle in
relation to the following sustainable
development issues:
● design – for reducing
environmental impact and for
recycling
● raw materials – reduction or
recyclable, reduce environmental
impact
● manufacture – minimising waste
and energy use, simplifying
processes and efficient use of
natural resources
● distribution – reduce or lighten
packaging, reduce mileage of
transportation to the customer
and alternatives to fossil fuels
● use – repair versus replacement.
51 As RMT 109
9.1 Characteristics, application,
advantages and disadvantages of
‘cleaner’ design and technology – a
product’s life-cycle in relation to the
following sustainable development
issues:
a) material selection – source, quantity,
quality, range, recyclability,
biodegradability
b) manufacture – minimising energy
use, simplification of processes,
achieving optimum use of materials
and components, giving consideration
to material form, cost and scale of
production
c) distribution – efficient use of
packaging, reduction of transport,
alternatives to fossil fuels
d) use – repair versus replacement,
energy efficiency, efficiency ratings
e) repair and maintenance –
standardisation, modular construction,
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bought-in parts
f) end of life – design for disassembly,
recovered material collection, sorting
and re-processing methods, energy
recovery, environmental implications of
disposal to landfill.
Minimising waste production: The
principles and application of
minimising waste production
throughout the product life-cycle
using the following ‘four R’s’ – reduce,
reuse, recover, recycle.
51 As RMT 109 See 9.1 16
Renewable and non-renewable
sources of energy: Characteristics,
comparisons, applications and
advantages/disadvantages of using
the following renewable and non-
renewable sources of energy:
● wind, water, solar, biomass and
biofuels, nuclear and fossil fuels.
52 As RMT 110 See 9.1 16
Responsibilities of developed
countries: The responsibilities of
‘developed’ countries in relation to
social, economic and environmental
issues for global sustainable
development.
Impact of industrialisation on
global warming and climate
change:
● United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC)
● Kyoto Protocol
52 As RMT 110
9.2 The wider issues of using cleaner
technologies:
a) cost implications to the consumer
and manufacturer
b) sustainability – designing without
jeopardising the potential for people in
the future to meet their needs. 16
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● reduction of an individual’s
‘carbon footprint’ by reducing
carbon dioxide emissions and
carbon offsetting
● non-fossil fuel obligation (NFFO)
in the UK.
Timber production and
sustainable forest management.
The following content is new and does not match the 9RM01 or 9GR01 specification content; refer to the editable schemes of work.
Product Design 9DT0 (2017) Product Design 9DT0 (2017) Product Design 9DT0 (2017)
3 Processes, techniques and
specialist tools
5 Factors influencing the
development of products
10 Current legislation
3.2 Application of specialist measuring
tools and equipment to determine and
apply the accuracy and precision
required for products to perform as
intended:
a) marking, cutting and mortise
gauges
b) odd leg, internal and external
callipers
c) squares (set, try, engineers and
mitre)
d) micrometer and vernier callipers
e) densitometer
f) dividers
g) jigs and fixtures
h) go and no-go gauges.
11
5.1 The importance and influence
of user-centred design in ensuring
products are fit-for-purpose and
meet the criteria of specifications
when designing, making and
evaluating in relation to:
a) user needs, wants and values
b) purpose
c) functionality
d) innovation
e) authenticity.
13
10.1 From the consumer’s point of
view, the implications of consumer
rights legislation to consumers and
manufacturers:
a) Consumer Rights Act (2015)
b) Sale of Goods Act (1979).
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11 Information handling,
modelling and forward planning
11.1 Collection, collation and analysis
of information and the use of this to
make informed decisions:
a) marketing – marketing analysis,
research techniques, raw
data/analysed data to enable
enterprise to be encouraged
b) innovation management –
cooperation between management,
designers and production engineers,
the encouragement of creativity
c) the use of feasibility studies on the
practicability of proposed solutions.
18
11.2 Modelling the costing of
projects to achieve an optimum
outcome:
a) budgets – undertake financial
forecasts
b) planning for production –
allocation of employees, materials,
scale of production
c) selection of appropriate tools,
machines and manufacturing
processes.
18
11.3 The importance, implications and
ways of protecting the intellectual
property rights of designers, inventors
and companies:
a) patents
b) copyrights
c) design rights
d) trademarks.
18
12 Further processes and
techniques
12.1 Strategies, techniques and
approaches to explore, create and
evaluate design ideas:
a) user-centred design – framework
process, problem solving, user needs,
wants and values, limitations of end
user consideration
b) circular economy – biologically-
based systems and an understanding
of how waste and pollution can be
eliminated
c) systems thinking – the influence of
systems on commercial activity to
enable all elements of a
manufacturing enterprise to work
19
12.2 Applications, characteristics,
advantages and disadvantages of
the following project management
strategies:
a) critical path analysis – the
handling of complex and time
sensitive operations
b) scrum – how flexible, holistic
product development is achieved
c) Six Sigma – the improvement of
output quality of a process by
identifying and removing the
causes of defects and setting value
targets of:
● reduce process cycle time
19
12.3 The cost, sales, profit and market
implications to the designer and
manufacturer of the stages of a
product’s life-cycle:
● Introduction Stage
● Growth Stage
● Maturity Stage
● Decline Stage 19
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together. ● reduce pollution
● reduce costs
● increase customer satisfaction
● increase profits.
Product Design 9DT0 (2017)
Component 2: Independent
Design and Make Project
Overview
There are no limits to project
selection beyond the time and
resources available and the
appropriateness of selection in
matching individual students’
potential.
Students are expected to follow an
iterative design process.
In order to reach high attainment
levels, students must adopt a
commercial design approach to their
work, reflecting how a professional
designer might deal with a design
problem and its resolution.
Design and development are now
separate assessment areas. Planning
is no longer assessed as a discrete
component.
Mathematical and scientific principles
are an important part of designing
and developing products, and
students will be expected to be able
to apply these principles when
considering their designs and the
21