Post on 15-Jul-2015
transcript
Definition
The kilogram is the unit of mass; it
is equal to the mass of the
international prototype of the
kilogram (IPK). Its form is a cylinder
with diameter and height of about
39 mm. It is made of an alloy of 90
% platinum and 10 % iridium,
density greater than 21.530 kg/cm3.
The IPK and two other cylinders
were manufactured in 1879 by
Johnson Matthey. Johnson Matthey
made 40 replicas in 1884, which
were calibrated to IPK. 34 were
distributed in 1889 to signatories of
the Meter Convention for use as
national standards. Now the BIPM
has produced more than 100prototypes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/ http://www.bipm.org/
OIML Standard
E1 | E2
K 46
K
DISEMINATION
Direct comparison
Sub Division
Direct comparison
Direct comparison
USE MATERIAL MARKING
Platina Iridium
Platina Iridium
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
Grey Cast Iron
International Prototype 1 kg
National Prototype 1 kg
Ensure TraceabilityCalibration Weighing
Instruments of Class I
Ensure TraceabilityCalibration Weighing
Instruments of Class I and Class II
Commercial Transaction Calibration Weighing
Instruments of Class III and Class III
F1 | F2
M1|M2|M3
M1-2|M2-3
Without Marking
F1: Nominal ValueF2: Nomilal Value
with Form “F”
Nominal Value with symbol “g” or “kg”
The sign “M1” or “M”,“M2”, “M3” or “X”
OIML R-111-1, 2004
ASTM Standard
Type IThese weights are of one-piece construction and contain no added adjusting material. They should be specified when weights are to be used as standards of the highest order and where maximum stability is required. A precisemeasurement of density can be made only for one-piece weights.Type IIWeights of this type can be of any appropriate design such as screw knob, ring, or sealed plug. Adjusting material can be used as long as it is of a material at least as stable as the base material and is contained in such a way that it will not become separated from the weight.http://www.astm.org/
Sub Division E0-E1
1000 g500 g200 g100 g
1000 g
=
1 kg
10 kg
2 kg 2 kg 5 kg
10 kg
=
Sumber: Usman, 2006
Sub Division E0-E1
1000 g
500 g200 g100 g
1000 g
=
m500 + m200 + m200* + m100 - m1000 = y1
m500 + m200 + m200* + m100* - m1000 = y2
- m500 + m200 + m200* + m100 = y3
- m500 + m200 + m200* + m100* = y4
- m200 - m100 + m200* + m100* = y5
- m200 - m100 + m200* + m100* = y6
- m200 - m100* + m200* + m100 = y7
- m200 - m100* + m200* + m100 = y8
- m200 + m100 + m100* = y9
- m200 + m100 + m100* = y10
- m200* + m100 + m100* = y11
- m200* + m100 + m100* = y12Sumber: Usman, 2006
Sub Division
m500 + m200 + m200* + m100 - m1000 = y1
m500 + m200 + m200* + m100* - m1000 = y2
- m500 + m200 + m200* + m100 = y3
- m500 - m200 + m200* + m100* = y4
- m200 + m200* - m100 + m100* = y5
- m200 + m200* - m100 + m100* = y6
- m200 + m200* + m100 - m100* = y7
- m200 + m200* + m100 - m100* = y8
- m200 + m100 + m100* = y9
- m200 + m100 + m100* = y10
- m200* + m100 + m100* = y11
- m200* + m100 + m100* = y12
1 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1
-1 1 1 1 0
-1 -1 1 0 1
0 -1 1 -1 1
0 -1 1 -1 1
0 -1 1 1 -1
0 -1 1 1 -1
0 -1 0 1 1
0 -1 0 1 1
0 0 -1 1 1
0 0 -1 1 1
m500
m200
m200*
m100
m100*
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m1000
- =
y1
y2
y3
y4
y5
y6
y7
y8
y9
y10
y11
y12
A EDB C
A.B - C.D = EA.B = C.D + E
AT.A.B = C . AT.B + AT.E(AT.A)-1 (AT.A) . B = C (AT.A) -1 . AT.B + (AT.A)-1 . AT.E
B = C (AT.A) -1 . AT.B + (AT.A)-1 . AT.E
Operasi Matrik
Sumber: Usman, 2006
Sub Division
Massa Konvensionalm500 = 0.5 m1000 + 0.25y1 + 0.25y2 + 0.25y3 + 0.25y4
m200 = 0.2 m1000 + 0.1y1 + 0.1y2 - 0.1y3 - 0.1y4 + 0.1y5 + 0.1y6+ 0.1y7+ 0.1y8+ 0.1y9 + 0.1y10
m200* = 0.2 m1000 + 0.1y1 + 0.1y2 - 0.1y3 - 0.1y4 - 0.1y5 - 0.1y6 - 0.1y7 - 0.1y8+ 0.1y11 + 0.1y12
m100 = 0.1 m1000 + 0.1y1 - 0.1y3 + 0.1y5 + 0.1y6 - 0.1y7 - 0.1y8 - 0.1y9 - 0.1y10- 0.1y11 - 0.1y12
m100* = 0.1 m1000 + 0.1y2 - 0.1y4 - 0.1y5 - 0.1y6 + 0.1y7 + 0.1y8 - 0.1y9 - 0.1y10- 0.1y11 - 0.1y12
2/1
2222
2
2
1000
2
500 43214
1
2
1
yyyy UUUUUU
2/1
2222222
2
2
1000
2
200 7654321222
10
1
5
1
yyyyyyy UUUUUUUUU
2/1
2222222
2
2
1000
2
*200 8654321222
10
1
5
1
yyyyyyy UUUUUUUUU
2/1
222222
2
2
1000
2
100 8765312222
10
1
10
1
yyyyyy UUUUUUUU
2/1
222222
2
2
1000
2
*100 8765422222
10
1
10
1
yyyyyy UUUUUUUU
Ketidakpastian
22
rtdty UUU
Sumber: Usman, 2006
True Mass
1000 gO
N
Fg = m.g
Fb = V.ρ.g
I = Fg - Fb= m.g - V.ρ.g
True Mass, therefore, is not what a weight would weigh in a vacuum, but rather, what it would weigh compared against a reference standard mass (with a known value) on a "perfect" equal arm balance inside a "perfect" vacuum chamber.
http://www.icllabs.com/
Conventional Mass
The conventional value of the result of weighing of a body in air is equal to the mass of a standard of density 8000 kg/m3 at 20 0C which balances this weight at this temperature in air of density 1.2 kg/m3.
1000 gO
N
Fg = m.g
I = Fg
rt
aiiC
1
0
03
1
m
UCi
Air buoyancy correction
Negligible if
OIML R-111-1, 2004