Post on 02-Jun-2018
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Material Handling andBack Safety Training
Gary BeaudetteSafety OfficerEnvironmental Health, Safety,and Risk Management
Some information provided byOklahoma State University
For better viewing, please select slide show
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According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
more than one million workers suffer back
injuries each year, and back injuries account
for one of every five workplace injuries
One fourth of all compensation claims involve back
injuries, which cost employers billions of dollars
Add to that the employees pain
and suffering
Introduction
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Material Handling and Lifting Injuries areexceedingly painful, difficult to heal, and
have an effect on everything you do
After suffering just one back injury, youare much more likely to experience
another one later on
It is important to learn
how to avoid injuring orre-injuring your back
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ObjectivesAt the end of this presentation, you should
be familiar with the following topics:
Forces involved with lifting
Risky moves associated with lifting Contributing factors to materials handling/lifting injuries
Injury prevention
Proper lifting procedures
Using the Calculator For Analyzing Lifting Operations Body Management
Work-specific training requirements
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The Forces InvolvedThe amount of force placed on your back under certain conditions can
be surprising. Anytime you bend or lean over to pick something up
without bending your knees, you put tremendous pressure on your
lower back.
Think of your back as a lever. With thefulcrum in the center of the lever, it only
takes ten pounds of pressure to lift a
ten pound object.
However, if you shift the fulcrum to one side, it takes much more force to
lift the same object.Your waist actually acts like the fulcrum in a
lever system, and it is not centered. In fact, it operates on a 10:1
ratio. Lifting a ten pound object actually puts 100 pounds of
pressure on your lower back.
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The Forces Involved
When you add in the 105 poundsof the average human upper torso,
you see that lifting a ten pound
object actually puts 1,150 pounds
of pressure on the lower back.
Given these figures, it is easy to
see how repetitive lifting and
bending can quickly cause back
problems. Even leaning forwardwhile sitting at a desk or table can
eventually lead to back related
problems.
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Risky MovesCertain actions are more likely to cause back
injuries than others. Anytime you find yourselfdoing one of these things, you should think:DANGER!My back is at risk!
Heavy lifting...especially repetitivelifting over a long period of time
Twisting at the waistwhile lifting orholding a heavy load. (This frequentlyhappens when using a shovel.)
Reaching and lifting...over your head,
across a table, or out the back of a truck.
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More Risky Moves
Lifting or carrying objects withawkward or odd shapes
Working in awkward, uncomfortablepositions...gardening, kneeling, tasks thatrequire you to bend over for long periods of time...
Also, sitting or standing for too longwithout shifting.
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The further you bend, and the more youextend your arms, the more significant
the risk of injury!
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Other Causes of Injuries
It is also possible to injure yourself
slipping on a wet floor or ice
Tripping or falling over obstacles in
the walkway
Improper use of lifting of moving equipment
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Contributing Factors to
Handling/Lifting Injuries
Poor Physical Condition
Your stomach muscles provide a lot of thesupport needed by your back. If you have weak,flabby stomach muscles, your back may not get allthe support it needs, especially when you're lifting
or carrying heavy objects. Good physical conditionin general is important for preventing strains,sprains, and other injuries.
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Poor posture
Is another contributing factor. When yourmother told you to sit and stand up straight,she was giving you good advice. It is best totry to maintain the back in its natural "S"shaped curve. You want to avoid leaningforward (unsupported) when you sit, orhunching over while you're standing.
Contributing Factors to
Handling/Lifting Injuries
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Contributing Factors to
Handling/Lifting Injuries
Extra weight
Can be a big problem. Rememberthe fulcrum / lever principle? Themore you weigh, the more stress it
puts on your back every time youbend over--on a 10:1 ratio.
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Contributing Factors to
Handling/Lifting InjuriesStress
Tense muscles are
more susceptible to
strains and spasms.
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Contributing Factors to
Handling/Lifting Injuries
Overdoing it
Dont be afraid to say,This is tooheavy for me to lift alone.
Its important to recognize your physicallimitations and abilities. Many people haveinjured their backs because they were afraidto ask for help.
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Preventing Back InjuriesThe best way to prevent back injuries is to develop
habits that reduce the strain placed on the back. Thereare some basic things you can do to help.
Avoid Lifting and Bending Whenever You Can!
Place objects up off the floor. If you can setSomething down on a table or other elevated
surface instead of on the floor, do it so you won't
have to reach down to pick it up again.
Raise / lower shelves. The best zone for lifting is
between your shoulders and your waist. Put heavier
objects on shelves at waist level, lighter objects on
lower or higher shelves.
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Preventing Back Injuries
Use carts and dolliesto move objects, instead of carrying them
yourself. (Remember that it is better on your back to push carts
than it is to pull them.)
Use cranes, hoists, lift tables, and other lift-assist devices
whenever you can.
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Use Proper Lifting Procedures
You can't always avoid lifting, but there areways to reduce the amount of pressure placedon the back when you do so
By bending the knees, you keep your spine in abetter alignment, and you essentially take awaythe lever principle forces.
Instead of using your back like a crane, youallow your legs to do the work.
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Use Proper Lifting Procedures
Take a balanced stance with your feetabout a shoulder-width apart. onefoot can be behind the object and theother next to it.
Squat down to lift the object, butkeep your heels off the floor. Get asclose to the object as you can. Keepyour back straight.
Use your palms (not just your fingers)to get a secure grip on the load.Make sure you'll be able to maintain ahold on the object without switchingyour grip later.
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Use Proper Lifting Procedures
Lift gradually (without jerking) using your leg, abdominal andbuttock muscles and keeping the load as close to you as possible.Keep your chin tucked in so as to keep a relatively straight back andneck line.
Once you're standing, change directions by
pointing your feet in the direction you wantto go and turning your whole body. Avoidtwistingat your waist while carrying a load.
By following these lifting guidelines and bypracticing good body/back management,you can prevent back injuries on the job andat home.
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Other Lifting Tips Reduce the amount of weight lifted.If you're moving
a bunch of books, better to load several small boxes thanone extremely heavy load
Keep a clear view ahead when carrying/moving a load.Never carry a load in front of your face as it forces you tolean or twist and upsets your balance
Use handles and lifting straps
Push a dolly or cart in a linear motion. Never pull,as it forces you to twist at the waist!
Get helpif the shape is too awkward or the object is tooheavy for you to lift and move by yourself!
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How to determine if the load you
are moving is too much. Use the Calculator For Analyzing Lifting
Operations Form. on next slide
Easy to use formula based on factors suchas the weight to be lifted, at whatposition you begin the lift from, the frequencyof lifting, and if twisting is involved
Simple result lets you know if lifting theload could be hazardousor not
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It's important to know your body'slimitations, and it's important to beaware of your body position at all times
Learn to recognize those situationswhere your back is most a risk: bending,lifting, reaching, twisting, etc.
Then take measures to avoid an injury byusing this training whenever you handleor lift materials
Practice Body Management
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