Matter and Its PropertiesMatter and Its Properties

• The physical material of the universe which we are studying.

• Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Amount of matter in an object.

Measure of Earth’s gravitational pull on matter.

States of Matter

• Solid -incompressible, definite volume and shape.

• Liquid -incompressible, definite volume, but no definite shape.

• Gas -compressible, no definite volume or shape.

• Plasma -high temperature state of matter in which atoms lose their electrons (found in fluorescent lighting, fire, and stars).

-Depend on the amount of matter present.-Include volume, mass, amount of energy, etc.

-Do not depend on the amount of matter present.-Include melting point, boiling point, density, and the ability to conduct electricity and heat.

-characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance itself.-ex: melting point, boiling point, color, taste, odor, density, etc.

-reactivity-ex: flammability, ability to rust, corrosiveness, etc.

-change in physical appearance

-ex: dissolving, grinding, cutting, melting, boiling, etc.

WHEN A SUBSTANCE IS TRANSFOMED INTO A CHEMICALLY DIFFERENT SUBSTANCE.Aka - chemical reactions.(ex: combustion, rusting, burning)

Indicators of a chemical reaction:1. Energy absorbed or released (temperature

changes hotter or colder)

2. Color change

3. Gas production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change)

4. Odor change

5. formation of a precipitate- a solid that separates from solution (won’t dissolve)

6. Irreversibility- not easily reversed

• Non-mixtures

• Matter that has a constant, invariable composition

• Elements and Compounds

• substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means.

• Ex: carbon, oxygen, aluminum

Chemical combination of two or more elements

• Can be decomposed by chemical means into two or more elements

• Ex: sugar, water, NaCl

-the smallest particle that has the properties of an element

electron

neutron

proton

-two or more atoms combined chemically

-smallest representative particle of a compound

• Physical blend of at least two substances. Each component keeps it’s own properties.

-Not uniform in composition.-Noticeable differences between components.-Ex: Chocolate chip cookies, a salad, blood?

-Uniform composition.-No visible difference between components.-Also called “solutions”.-Ex: air, salt water, brass (Cu and Zn), paint

Which is it?

ElementCompoundMixture

-Mixtures can be separated based on the physical properties of its components.