MatterHow and why do we study Matter?

Aim:

To DESCRIBE and EXPLAIN matter based on its PROPERTIES and INTERACTIONS

Vocabulary

Matter,

mixture, pure substance,

element, compound,

Homogeneous, heterogeneous

chemical reaction

Solute, solvent, solution

What is matter?

What is matter?

• Matter is anything that has MASS and VOLUME

• MASS – amount of matter in a substance

• VOLUME – amount of space matter takes up

• What isn’t matter?

What ISN'T matter?

• Energy (light, sound, heat)

CHEMISTRY

• CHEMISTRY is the study of matter.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MATTER

Pure Substances

• Have only ONE type of particle

• Eg. Water, sugar, salt, gold, zinc, copper, oxygen

Pure Substances can be further categorized into ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS

ELEMENTS contain only ONE type of atom and cannot be broken down into anything simpler.

Example: anything on the periodic table: Gold, copper, silver, sulfur, oxygen, helium, etc.

Compounds consist of TWO or MORE elements CHEMICALY bound together

Examples: water (H2O), Salt (NaCl), Carbon dioxide (CO2),

How can we tell the difference between elements and compounds?

• Element cannot be broken down into anything simpler by ANY means.

• Compounds can be broken down into simpler units using ENERGY like heat or electricity (to break the chemical bonds between elements).

• eg. Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen from water

• video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTEX38bQ-2w

MIXTURES (are NOT pure substances)

• A mixture contains two or more pure substances NOT CHEMCIALLY joined.

• There are two types of mixtures

Homogeneous Mixtures

○ substances are evenly and microscopicallymixed together.

○ The components are still separate but indistinguishable from each other.

○ Has the same properties throughout.○ Usually one phase○ Eg. Sugar dissolved in water, ○ Eg. the air we breathe ○ Eg. Gasoline○ TWO types of homogenenous mixtures...

Homogeneous Mixtures: Solutions

• Solutions contain particles that are < 2 nm

• Particles don't settle out

• Eg. Sugar dissolved in water

Homogenous Mixtures: Colloids

Colloids contain particles between 2-500nm,

• particles stay suspended, don't settle out.

• Eg. Milk, Jello, fog (water molecules in air), smoke

Homogeneous Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixtures:

• Composition not uniform

• Components can be visiblydistinguished.

• Different properties throughout

• Ex. Granola, sulfur and iron, sand and marbles, salsa, blood

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixtures: Suspensions

• Suspensions contain particles >500nm

• Particles may settle out over time

• eg. Muddy water, hot chocolate

MIXTURES CAN BE SEPARATED BY PHYSICAL MEANS

How can we separate an INSOLUBLE substance from the (heterogeneous) mixture?

• Eg: Sand and Marble→ using fingers

• Eg. Sand and water → filter

How can we separate a SOLUBLE (dissolved) substance from a solution (homogeneous mixture)?

• Eg. Salt and water →

How can we separate a SOLUBLE (dissolved) substance from a solution (homogeneous mixture)?

• Eg. Salt and water →Evaporation,

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC1RxloV0Mo

•

How can we separate a SOLUBLE (dissolved) substance from a solution (homogeneous mixture)?

• Eg. Dye and water

How can we separate a SOLUBLE (dissolved) substance from a solution (homogeneous mixture)?

• Eg. Dye and water →chromatography

Activity: Candy Chromatography