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Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 13
Matter—Properties and ChangesMatter—Properties and Changes
Section 3.1 Properties of MatterIn your textbook, read about physical properties and chemical properties of matter.
Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
Matter is anything with (1) and volume. A
(2) is a form of matter with a uniform and unchanging composition.
Substances have specific, unchanging (3) that can be observed.
Substances have both physical and chemical properties. (4)
properties can be observed without changing a substance’s chemical composition. Color,
hardness, and (5) are examples. Other properties cannot be
observed without changing the composition of a substance. These are called
(6) properties. An example is the tendency of iron to form
rust when exposed to air.
Label each property as either physical or chemical.
7. Chemical formula H2O
8. Forms green carbonate when exposed to moist air
9. Remains unchanged when in the presence of nitrogen
10. Colorless
11. Solid at normal temperatures and pressures
12. Ability to combine with another substance
13. Melting point
14. Liquid at normal temperatures and pressures
15. Boiling point is 100°C
16. Conducts electricity
17. Density is 1g�cm3
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERYCHAPTER 3
chemical mass physical
density properties substance
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14 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 Study Guide for Content Mastery
In your textbook, read about states of matter.
Label each drawing with one of these words: solid, liquid, gas.
18.
19.
20.
For each statement below, write true or false.
21. All matter that we encounter in everyday life exists in one of threephysical forms.
22. A solid has definite shape and volume.
23. A liquid has a definite shape and takes on the volume of its container.
24. A gas has both the shape and the volume of its container.
25. The particles in a gas cannot be compressed into a smaller volume.
26. Liquids tend to contract when heated.
27. The particles in a solid are spaced far apart.
28. The words gas and vapor can be used interchangeably.
Section 3.1 continued
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERYCHAPTER 3
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Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 15
Section 3.2 Changes in Matter In your textbook, read about physical change and chemical change.
What kinds of changes do these words indicate? Write each word under the correctheading. Use each word only once.
Physical Change Chemical Change
1. 9.
2. 10.
3. 11.
4. 12.
5. 13.
6. 14.
7. 15.
8. 16.
For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.
Column A Column B
17. The new substances that are formed in a chemical reaction
18. A chemical reaction that involves one or more substanceschanging into new substances
19. Shows the relationship between the reactants and products in achemical reaction
20. States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any process
21. The starting substances in a chemical reaction
Answer the following question. Write an equation showing conservation of mass of reactants and products.
22. In a laboratory, 178.8 g of water is separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Thehydrogen gas has a mass of 20.0 g. What is the mass of the oxygen gas produced?
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERYCHAPTER 3
boil crumple crush explode
burn ferment freeze grind
condense melt oxidize rot
corrode rust tarnish vaporize
a. chemical change
b. reactants
c. products
d. chemical equation
e. law of conservationof mass
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16 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 Study Guide for Content Mastery
Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter In your textbook, read about pure substances and mixtures.
Use the words below to complete the concept map.
In your textbook, read about separating mixtures.
For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.
Column A Column B
7. Separates substances on the basis of the boiling points ofthe substances
8. Separates by formation of solid, pure particles from asolution
9. Separates substances based on their movement through aspecial paper
10. Separates solids from liquids by using a porous barrier
matter
homogeneousmixtures
substances 1. mixtures
3. heterogeneous2. water
4. sand–water mixture 5. solutions
6. salt–water mixture
mixtures
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERYCHAPTER 3
heterogeneous salt–water mixture sand–water mixture
mixtures solutions water
a. filtration
b. distillation
c. crystallization
d. chromatography
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Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 17
Section 3.4 Elements and CompoundsIn your textbook, read about elements and compounds.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemicalmeans is a(n)
a. compound. b. mixture. c. element. d. period.
2. A chemical combination of two or more different elements is a(n)
a. solution. b. compound. c. element. d. period.
3. Which of the following is an example of an element?
a. water b. air c. sugar d. oxygen
4. Which of the following is an example of a compound?
a. gold b. silver c. aspirin d. copper
5. What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
a. block elements b. groups or families c. grids d. periods
6. What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
a. block elements b. groups or families c. grids d. periods
Label each substance as either an element or a compound.
7. silicon 10. nickel
8. sodium chloride 11. ice
9. francium
Write the symbol for each element. Use the periodic table on pages 72–73 in your textbook if you need help.
12. neon 15. titanium
13. calcium 16. fluorine
14. iron
In your textbook, read about the law of definite proportions.
Use the law of definite proportions and the equation below to answer the questions.
The law of definite proportions states that regardless of the amount, a compound isalways composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass.
Mass percentage of an element (%) � � 100%
17. A 20.0-g sample of sucrose contains 8.4 g of carbon. What is the mass percentage of car-bon in sucrose? Show your work.
mass of element��mass of compound
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERYCHAPTER 3
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Chapter Assessment Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 13
Matter—Properties and ChangesMatter—Properties and Changes
Reviewing VocabularyMatch the definition in Column A with the term in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. A homogeneous mixture
2. States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any process
3. States that regardless of the amount, a compound is alwayscomposed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass
4. States that different masses of one element combine with thesame relative mass of another element to form differentcompounds
5. The grid organizing elements into periods and groups
6. The ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass ofthe compound
7. Three physical forms that describe all matter that exists on Earth
8. A separation technique that results in the formation ofpure solid particles from a solution
9. A technique that separates the components of a mixture
10. A form of matter with a constant volume that takes theshape of its container
11. A form of matter with a definite shape and volume
Compare and contrast each pair of related terms.
12. chemical property, physical property
13. substance, mixture
CHAPTER ASSESSMENTCHAPTER 3
a. law of multipleproportions
b. percent by mass
c. periodic table
d. law of conservationof mass
e. law of definiteproportions
f. solution
g. crystallization
h. chromatography
i. states of matter
j. solid
k. liquid
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14 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 Chapter Assessment
Understanding Main Ideas (Part A)
Identify each property as either physical or chemical. Tell whether each physical property is extensive or intensive.
1. color
2. tendency to rust
3. boiling point
4. density
5. mass
6. ability to dissolve
7. malleability
8. ability to conduct electricity
Match each term in Column A with its example in Column B.
Column A Column B
9. alloy
10. element
11. gas
12. vapor
Circle the item that is an example of the term.
13. compound
salt air nickel
14. homogeneous mixture
silicon air nickel
15. element
salt brass aluminum
CHAPTER ASSESSMENTCHAPTER 3
a. gold
b. methane
c. steam
d. sterling silver (silver and copper)
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Chapter Assessment Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 15
Understanding Main Ideas (Part B)
Identify each change as either physical or chemical.
1. breaking a pencil in half
2. wood burning
3. silver tarnishing
4. ice melting
5. hard-boiling an egg
6. grinding coffee beans
7. burning gasoline
Identify each mixture as either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
8. stainless steel
9. granite
10. air
11. blood
12. hand lotion
13. oil and water
14. wild bird seed
15. chunky peanut butter
16. dirt
17. vinegar
18. gasoline
Identify the technique you would use to separate each mixture.
19. two substances with different boiling points
20. sand from water
CHAPTER ASSESSMENTCHAPTER 3
Label each picture as an element, compound, mixture of elements, mixture of compounds,mixture of element(s) and compound(s).
Name Date Class
20 Classification of Matter
Section 1 ■ Composition ofMatter
Directions: Choose the correct category from the list for each item. Each category will be used more than once.
1. chalk
2. copper
3. granite
4. vinegar
5. pond
6. water
7. salt
8. permanent press fabric
9. soft drink
10. paint
11. gold
12. a river delta
13. fog
14. gelatin
15. lead
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Directed Reading for
Content Mastery
Meeting Individual Needs
17Chapter
a. element
b. compound
c. suspension
d. heterogeneous mixture
e. homogeneous mixture
f. colloid
Directions: Complete the sentences by writing the letters of the correct terms on the lines provided.
16. All substances are built from _____ .
a. elements c. metalb. atom d. salt
17. A beam of light can be seen as it passes through a(n) _____ .
a. colloid c. elementb. solution d. compound
18. A _____ is a homogenous mixture of particles so small they cannot be
seen and will not settle to the bottom of their container.
a. colloid c. elementb. solution d. compound
1. Compare (same) and contrast (different) a substance and a mixture.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Compare and contrast an element and a compound.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Compare and contrast a colloid and a suspension.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Compare and contrast a solution and a heterogeneous mixture.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Name: Date:
Matter—Properties and Changes
CHAPTER 3
5
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Reviewing Chemistry: Mastering the TEKS Chemistry: Matter and Change
Use the tables below to answer questions 1and 2.
1 The tables show the chemical analyses of twocompounds: baking soda and sodium bicarbonate.Because they have the same percent by mass, theymust be the same compound according to the —
A law of definite proportions
B law of multiple proportions
C law of conservation of energy
D law of conservation of mass
2 If baking soda and sodium bicarbonate are the samecompound, then the mass of carbon in 200.00 g ofbaking soda should be —
A 7.15 g
B 14.30 g
C 28.60 g
D 57.20 g
3 Which of these phase changes does NOT involve theabsorption of heat energy?
A Boiling
B Condensation
C Melting
D Vaporization
4 In the periodic table, a series of elements that isarranged in a horizontal row is called a —
A cluster
B family
C period
D group
5 Distillation is a separation technique that involves —
A using a porous barrier to separate a solid from aliquid
B separating dissolved substances based on theirtendency to be drawn across a surface
C the formation of pure, solid particles of asubstance from a solution containing thedissolved substance
D separating two or more liquids based ondifferences in their boiling points
Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass
Baking Soda Analysis
Oxygen 114.20 g 57.1%Sodium 54.80 g 27.4%
Hydrogen 2.40 g 1.2%Carbon ? 14.3%Total 200.00 g 100%
Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass
Sodium Bicarbonate Analysis
Oxygen 28.55 g 57.1%Sodium 13.70 g 27.4%
Hydrogen 0.60 g 1.2%
Carbon 7.15 g 14.3%Total 50.00 g 100%
This question covers TEKS 4A and 4C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 75.
This question covers TEKS 4C. Thisquestion tests the material that wascovered in the textbook on page75.
This question covers TEKS 4C and 5C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 61.
This question covers TEKS 4D. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpage 70.
This question covers TEKS 4B and 4C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 69.
Use the diagram below to answer questions 6and 7.
6 The diagram shows a chemical equation representinga chemical reaction. The name and mass of eachsubstance involved in the chemical reaction are alsoshown. Which of these are the reactants?
A HCl and NaOH
B NaCl and H2O
C HCl and H2O
D NaOH and NaCl
7 According to the law of conservation of mass, massis neither created nor destroyed in any process. Onthe basis of this law, what mass of water wasproduced in this reaction?
A 16.0 g
B 18.0 g
C 20.0 g
D 22.0 g
8 Characteristics of a substance can be classified asphysical properties or chemical properties. Which ofthe following is a chemical property?
A Boils at 56ºC
B Tastes sour
C Has a density of 2.9 g/cm3
D Reacts with acid to produce hydrogen gas
Use the diagrams below to answer question 9.
9 Each diagram shows the particles of a substance in aclosed container. Which of these shows thesubstance that is most easily compressed?
A Q
B R
C S
D T
Q R S T
36.5 g
HClhydrochloric
acid
40.0 g
NaOHsodium
hydroxide
58.5 g
NaClsodiumchloride
? g
H Owater
+ + 2
6
CHAPTER 3 Matter—Properties and Changes, continued
Reviewing Chemistry: Mastering the TEKSChemistry: Matter and Change
Name: Date:
Copyright ©
Glencoe/M
cGraw
-Hill, a division of T
he McG
raw-H
ill Com
panies, Inc.
This question covers TEKS 5B. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpage 62.
This question covers TEKS 5B. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpages 63–65.
This question covers TEKS 4A. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpages 56–58.
This question covers TEKS 4B. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpages 58–59.
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