Post on 24-Jun-2015
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Aim
The aim of this presentation is to acquaint the participants of MCMC about the administrative peculiarities of Balochistan with emphasis on law and order and governance
Sequence of Presentation
Part I: Introduction Part II: Visual Part III: History Part IV: Statistics Part V: Law and Order Part VI: Local Governments
Part I: Introduction
Balochistan: A Profile
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Afghanistan 1196 KMs
IRAN 906 KMs
Costal line 1129 KMs
Sindh
Punjab
Zhob
MusakhelQila Saifullah
Loralai
Kohlu
Dera Bugti
Sibi
Bolan
Nasirabad
Jaffa
raba
dJhal Magsi
Khuzdar
Kalat
Mastung
Quetta•Ziarat
Barkhan
Pishin
Qila
Abd
ulah
Chagai
Kharan
Panjgur
Awaran
LasbelaGwadar
Kech
Washuk
Nushki
SheeraniKPK
N
Source: P&D
Ethnic Break-Up:
Source : BoS, GoB
Baloch / Brahvi: 44,10,877 51 %
Pashtoon: 26,31,598 31.58 %
Afghan Refugee: 07,00,000 08 %
Sindhi: 04,80,313 06 %
Saraiki: 02,17,581 02.5 %
Hazara: 01,65,000 0.02 %
Punjabi: 53,543 0.61 %
Urdu Speaking: 25,204 0.29 %
TOTAL: 86,84,116 100%
Administrative Peculiarities
Acrimonious History Insurgency Thinly dipersed population Sardari System Tribal disputes Coalition politics Levies Administration
Part II: Visuals
Gwadar – Port:
Loralai:
Gwadar:
Ziarat:
Hanna Lake:
Mary Jane Tunnel- Bolan
Quetta:
Part III: Baloch through History
History of Baloch
Arab descent Syria Mir Chakar Rind Khanate of Kalat
Decline and Partition
First Anglo-Afghan War 1839 Second Anglo-Afghan War Sandeman Era Land Swaps
Sandeman System
Benign to coercive taxation Inefficient to efficient Democratic to despotic Voluntary to mandatory Levies Partitioning of land
Question of Accession
Communique of 11 August 1947 Independent Sovereign State Parliament at Dhaddar Standstill agreement Change of heart on both sides Renegotiation Accession on 27th March 1948
Balochistan States Union
Kalat, Makran, Lasbela, Kharan June 1948-October 1955 Ruler: Khan of Kalat Merged into one Unit
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Part IV: Statistics
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The Challenge- Balochistan Accounts
for 45% of Pakistan’s land area 70% of Pakistan’s coastline Nearly one-third of Pakistan’s natural gas 100% of Pakistan’s copper and gold deposits, significant deposits of coal, iron core, marble, granite, and other minerals Ideally located for trade with Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asian Republics
but still remains the nation’s poorest Province Why?
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The reasons are a combination of Physical and Human factors
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Balochistan-A Comparison
Provinces Education (Literacy rate over 10)
Maternal Mortality Ratio/100,000 births
Population below Poverty line
HDI
Punjab 60 227 26 0.603
KPK 50 271 29 0.544
Sind 59 314 31 0.507
Balochistan
41 785 48 0.391
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Impact of 7th NFCShare of Balochistan in
FDP
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Impact
54.855 83.121 93.255 70%(+ 38.400 B)
Rs in Billion
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Factors impeding Balochistan’s Development
PHYSICAL FACTORS› Remoteness
HUMAN FACTORS› Political situation› Human resources
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Physical FactorsThe basic development predicament for Balochistan is:
45% of the land area of Pakistan, but only 5% of the population
Much of the land is arid, calling for special strategies of water use
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Population Thinly Dispersed and Poorly
Connected In 2010, Balochistan's population density at 19 persons per square kilometer was only 5, 8, and 9 percent respectively of that of the Punjab, Sindh, and the KP Province
Remoteness was made worse by poor transport infrastructure. [In Balochistan, 28% of rural communities lack motorable access (all Pakistan 15%), and 73% lack paved access (all Pakistan 32%)]
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Human Factors: 1. Political Unrest
Balochistan has been the scene of political unrest since independence of Pakistan.
The province has witnessed political violence for decades
Current insurgency (5th) finds its basis in political disempowerment and issues circulating around owner ship of natural resources and their returns 31
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Low Representation at the Centre
Democratic Deficit at the National Level Out of 342 seats of the National
Assembly, only 17 (4.9%) (General: 14, Women: 3) are allocated to Balochistan
Balochistan does not enjoy fair representation in federal services and armed forces, specially senior bureaucracy at the Centre
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Underdeveloped Human Resources
Sixty- three percent of the population aged 15 and above years has never attended school (women 85 percent)
95% of the total area is under control of Levies that requires massive restructuring and training
Reluctance of the officers from APUG/DMG in Balochistan has also aggravated the situation
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The Physical & Human Factors Drag Down Growth of
Balochistan’s Income GDP growth in Balochistan has been slower than in the other provinces
Between 1972/73 and 2004/05, Balochistan‘s GDP is estimated to have grown at an average rate of 4.1 percent a year in real terms. This rate was 0.7 percent lower than that of the KP Province and Sindh‘s, and 1 percent lower than that of the Punjab.
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Factors impact heavily on Socio-Economic
Indicators Balochistan stands out as the province with the
weakest social indicators. In 2010/11 it scored lowest in 12 out of 13 key indicators for education, literacy, health, water, and sanitation
According to a recent report of Pakistan’s Senate Functional Committee on Problems of Less Developed Areas, Dera Bugti, its neighbourhood Kohlu and Pakistan’s nuclear test zone Chagai are among the five most ignored districts of the country during 2011-12 35
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Indicators Thus Balochistan has eight in the list of the
first ten most underprivileged districts. Dera Bugti (Status-wise: 113th position), Kohlu (111) and Chagai (110) with Balochistan being the most deprived province.
In terms of Literacy, among districts in Pakistan, Dera Bugti & Barkhan are the lowest ranked districts with (6.0%) literacy rate. This is much lower than the lowest ranking districts in other provinces i.e. Rajan Pur (Punjab) 34%, Thatta (Sind) 36%, and Kohistan (KPK) 26%.
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Indicators With regards to Food Insecurity, among
districts in Pakistan, Dera Bugti in Balochistan has the highest percentage of food insecure people (82.4%). The 20 districts of Pakistan with worst conditions for food security include 10 districts from Balochistan.
In terms of provincial comparison, Balochistan has the highest (61.2%) food insecure population. The number of districts from Balochistan in this category has doubled since 2003.
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Administrative Efficiency-Scarce Human
Capital In Balochistan, the public sector has
continuously faced acute shortage of experienced, well trained, highly educated and professional work force to carry out its activities efficiently and effectively.
Limited Human Capital in Balochistan could not tap the natural wealth to its optimum level and maximize socio-economic returns that led to shaky administration and inefficient economic development 38
Part V: Law and Order
Where we were a year ago
Balochistan-under siege Quetta- caught in vicious circle of sectarian
killings, target killings, terrorism Hazara community-forced to do sit-in
protests for expressing their grief Highways-unsafe to travel even at day time Kidnapping for ransom-profession instead
of a crime National media-mocking the government
for its failures and absence of governance
Where we are today
Normalcy has returned to major urban centers
Only few areas in the South and East remain troubled
Quetta residents have resumed their everyday activities
Commercial centers open till late Sports, Official and Social activities have
picked up Appreciation by the citizens and the media
SPORTS FESTIVAL
SPORTS FESTIVAL
MEDIA DAY
All PAKISTAN MUSHAIRA
Terrorism, Targeted Killing & Sabotage (A & B
Area)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
853
1009
728825
717857
196
353 330393 362
415
356
127178
268 274323
125149
69
Terrorism Targeted Killing Sabotage
Targeted Killing Incidents Analysis
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
12
2616 20
64
21
3
58
110
103
43 49
34
6
147
131
107 108
131
91
52
Sectarian Against Settlers Against Law Enforcement
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
10239 10449
8008 8094 82318717
2200
OVERALL CRIME 2008 TO March-2014
2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
60
84
102
49
5
60
83
102
45
50 1 0
40
Kidnapped
Recovered
Not Yet Recovered
Kidnapping For Ransom (‘A’ Area)
Highway Dacoity & Robbery
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5550
38
19
10 10
53
Dacoity & Robbery
Vehicle Crime (Snatching)
2008- March 2014
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
8362
42 52
9369
9
342
424
277300
371 373
80
145
189
8064
7562
9
Car Snatching Motorcycle Snatching Other Vehicle Snatching
Vehicle Crime (Theft) 2008- March-2014
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-2014
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
159
134117
87108
63
15
213
249
201185
257257
52
113
159
109
74 87
4010
Car Theft Motorcycle Theft Other Vehicle Theft
Emerging Trends and Lesson Learnt
Indicators show decrease in heinous crime
Quetta is back in control and strict security checks have been relaxed
With terrorism and sectarian violence subsiding, Insurgency is now main threat
Basic policing needs to be strengthened
Intelligence led operations pay peace dividends
Recipe for improved Law and
Order
What have we done differently
Capacity building of LEA through Army and FC Intelligence fusion Rethink security paradigm from top to bottom-
A, B area distinction erased practically Reversion to basic policing-beat system
restored, intelligence gathering, watch and ward
Political government posted on merit best police and administration officers
FC given policing powers
What have we done differently
Kidnapping for Ransom-Special unit formed in Quetta Police under DIG Investigation, modern surveillance equipment including locators, major gangs busted, cold cases re-investigated and solved
Sectarian Violence-Target hardening exercises, continuous dialogue even after Moharram, Zaireen security enhanced
What have we done differently
Terrorism-Intelligence led operations, major networks disrupted, huge cache’s of explosives recovered and destroyed
Protection of Highways- Dedicated teams of Levies deployed, vulnerable stretches under FC patrolling, Tribal guards deployed at Key locations
New Initiative in Law Enforcement
Army Officers led for CID School Police Anti-Terrorism School established Re-training of police by Army Joint Operations with FC Re-organization of Police, Balochistan
Constabulary on functional lines Highway Patrolling Force being raised 15 Rescue/ Quick Response established
New Initiative in Law Enforcement
Modern Training on pattern of Pakistan Army and FC
Strengthening of investigation through Judicial Trainings
Expertise in Crime Scene Management with assistance of Punjab Forensic Science Laboratory (PFSL)
Purchase of modern weapons and equipment
Establishment of Mobile check posts
Other Initiatives
Conversion of B areas in to A area Mand, Buleda, Turbat, Panjgoor
Creation of Rapid Response Force of Levies
Police recruitments on merit Procurement of security equipment and
helicopter in progress
Part VI: Local Government
Constitutional RequirementArticle 32 The state shall encourage Local
Government institutions composed of elected representatives of the areas concerned and in such institutions special representation will be given to peasants, workers and women.
Article 140-A(1) Each province shall, by law, established a
Local Government system and devolved political, administrative and financial responsibility and authority to the elected representative of the local governments.
(2) Elections to the local governments shall be held by the Election Commission of Pakistan.
Constitutional Requirement
Article 226All elections under the Constitution, other than those of the Prime Minister and the Chief Minister, shall be by secret ballot
Constitutional Requirement
Rural Councils
Urban Councils
Types of Local Councils
1. District Council for each district
2. Union Council for a rural
population from
7000-15000
Rural Councils
i) Municipal Committee ( for an urban area having a population exceeding 15 thousand but not 1 lac)
ii) Municipal Corporation (for an urban area having a population exceeding 1 lac but not 5 lac)iii) Metropolitan Corporation (for an urban area having a population exceeding 5 lac)
Urban Councils
General Members = Notified Women members = 33% Non Muslims = 5% Peasants = 5% Workers = 5% Professional = 5% Social Workers = 5%
Composition of Local Councils
District Councils 32 Metropolitan Corporation 01 Municipal Corporation 04 Municipal Committee 53 Union Council 635
Total
725
Number of Local Councils
Women 2332 Non-Muslims 743 Peasants/Worker 743 Professionals/Social Workers 743 Total 4561
Reserved Seats
Balochistan Local Government Amendment Act 2014
Two new categories in Special Interest Group i.e. Professional and Social Worker
Doctors, Engineers, Lawyers, Business Experts, Agriculture experts, Technicians etc.
Clubbing of Peasants and Workers Peasant and Workers share reduced from
20% to 10%
Amendments
C.P. no. 86 of 2014 filed in Balochistan High Court
Two hearings on 19th-20th May 2014 Decision on 23rd May 2014 Court declared Balochistan Local
Government Amendment Act 2014 repugnant to the Constitution and void ab initio
Constitutional Petition
Social Workers and Professional are not marginalized sections of society
Social Workers and Professionals have not been given special treatment in the constitution
Taking away reserved seats from peasant and workers is discriminatory
Show of hands is Ultra vires of Article 226 of Constitution
Electoral process subverted as amendments made during the process
Basis of Decision of High Court
Election to the reserve/ indirect seats (only for women & Non-Muslims) have been held on 29th May 2014
Election to the Peasants/Workers and Professionals/ Social Workers could not be held due to judgment of the Balochistan High Court
Three petitions filed against judgment in SCP
Case is now sub-judice in the SCP
Effect of Judgment
8 months have passed since the election to general seats
Restlessness amongst the elected representatives
General population also awaiting resolution SCP was in recess during August Cannot speculate the outcome and
timeline Leader of the house cannot be elected
without completion of the house
Present Scenario
Option I- Wait for the case to be decided in the SCP
Option II- Accept the decision of the Balochistan High Court and withdraw CPLA from SCP which has to be justified in the court(Other parties need to be convinced to do the same)
2 Options
Thank You78